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Planning for the Unthinkable: The targeting strategies of nuclear-armed states

While it is reasonable for governments to keep the most sensitive aspects of nuclear policies secret, the rights of their citizens to have access to general knowledge about these issues is equally valid so they may know about the consequences to themselves and their country.

06.30.25 | 4 min read
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Press release
Federation of American Scientists Researchers Contribute Nuclear Weapons Expertise to International SIPRI Yearbook, Out Today

“The era of reductions in the number of nuclear weapons in the world, which had lasted since the end of the cold war, is coming to an end”

06.16.25 | 3 min read
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Press release
Nuclear Notebook: Russian Nuclear Weapons 2025 Federation of American Scientists Unveils Comprehensive Analysis of Russia’s Nuclear Arsenal

Russia currently maintains nearly 5,460 nuclear warheads, with an estimated 1,718 deployed. This represents a slight decrease in total warheads from previous years but still positions Russia as the world’s largest nuclear power alongside the United States.

05.13.25 | 3 min read
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Depot In Belarus Shows New Upgrades Possibly For Russian Nuclear Warhead Storage

A military depot in central Belarus has recently been upgraded with additional security perimeters and an access point that indicate it could be intended for housing Russian nuclear warheads for Belarus’ Russia-supplied Iskander missile launchers.

03.14.24 | 3 min read
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Details of Russia’s nuclear modernization are inconsistent with warnings of vast nuclear expansion

While many are rightly concerned about Russia’s development of new nuclear-capable systems, fears of substantial nuclear increase may be overblown.

03.11.24 | 5 min read
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Global Risk
Press release
Nuclear Notebook: Russian nuclear forces, 2024

Despite modernization of Russian nuclear forces and warnings about an increase of especially shorter-range non-strategic warheads, we do not yet see such an increase as far as open sources indicate.

03.07.24 | 3 min read
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Blog
For Heaven’s Sake: Why Would Russia Want to Nuke Space?

Detonating a nuclear weapon in space would not only damage U.S. assets but those of all countries, including Russia. It would set back the use of space for multiple purposes – peaceful and otherwise – by decades.

02.21.24 | 7 min read
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Blog
Upgrades to Russia’s Nuclear-Capable Submarine Fleet

Russia is in the midst of a decades-long nuclear force modernization program intended to replace Soviet-era missiles, aircraft, and submarines with new systems.

02.07.24 | 6 min read
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Upgrade Underway for Russian Silos to Receive New Sarmat ICBM

New satellite imagery shows that preparations to deploy Russia’s new Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile are well underway.

10.19.23 | 4 min read
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Blog
Strategic Posture Commission Report Calls for Broad Nuclear Buildup

In contrast to the Biden administration’s Nuclear Posture Review, the Congressionally-mandated Strategic Posture Commission report is a full-throated embrace of a U.S. nuclear build-up.

10.12.23 | 13 min read
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Does Russia Have Nuclear Landmines?

Recent U.S. Intelligence reports refer repeatedly to the existence of Russian nuclear landmines, although it is uncertain how operational they are.

07.17.23 | 6 min read
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Blog
Russian Nuclear Weapons Deployment Plans in Belarus: Is There Visual Confirmation?

New satellite images show that the construction of a double-fenced security perimeter is underway at a weapons depot near the town of Asipovichy in central Belarus.

06.30.23 | 7 min read
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