The National Institutes of Health should form an Office of Co-Production in the Office of the Director to ensure meaningful public engagement and rebuild trust.

Federal grantmakers should establish a default expectation that hardware developed as part of federally supported research be released as open hardware.

To build on existing federal efforts supporting scientific rigor and integrity, funding agencies should study and pilot new programs to incentivize researchers’ engagement in credibility-enhancing practices that are presently undervalued in the scientific enterprise.

Russia is in the midst of a decades-long nuclear force modernization program intended to replace Soviet-era missiles, aircraft, and submarines with new systems.