The U.S. Army has published an updated training manual on military mountaineering (large pdf).
“Mountains exist in almost every country in the world and almost every war has included some type of mountain operations,” the manual states. “This pattern will not change; therefore, Soldiers will fight in mountainous terrain in future conflicts. Although mountain operations have not changed, several advancements in equipment and transportation have increased the Soldiers’ capabilities.”
From bowline knots to glacier traverses and emergency evacuations, the 300-page manual covers the basic techniques and essential skills of mountaineering. It is intended as a training aid and naturally cannot serve as a substitute for training by an experienced instructor. To the contrary, “Improper use of techniques and procedures by untrained personnel may result in serious injury or death.”
See Military Mountaineering, Training Circular 3-97.61, July 2012. See, relatedly, Mountain Operations, Field Manual 3-97.6, November 2000.
For military doctrine and training in other environments see:
Desert Operations, Field Manual 90-3, August 1993
Jungle Operations, Field Manual 90-5, August 1982
Cold Region Operations, ATTP 3-97.11, January 2011
At a time when universities are already facing intense pressure to re-envision their role in the S&T ecosystem, we encourage NSF to ensure that the ambitious research acceleration remains compatible with their expertise.
FAS CEO Daniel Correa recently spoke with Adam Marblestone and Sam Rodriques, former FAS fellows who developed the idea for FROs and advocated for their use in a 2020 policy memo.
In a year when management issues like human capital, IT modernization, and improper payments have received greater attention from the public, examining this PMA tells us a lot about where the Administration’s policy is going to be focused through its last three years.
Congress must enact a Digital Public Infrastructure Act, a recognition that the government’s most fundamental responsibility in the digital era is to provide a solid, trustworthy foundation upon which people, businesses, and communities can build.