National Biodefense Science Board Meeting
On June 18, 2008 the National Biodefense Science Board held their second meeting. The NBSB was created under the 2006 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act and was established to provide expert advice and guidance to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on scientific, technical, and other matters of special interest to HHS regarding activities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to adverse health effects of public health emergencies resulting from chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological (CBRN) events, whether naturally occurring, accidental, or deliberate. During the inaugural meeting of the NBSB on Dec 17-18, 2007 members were sworn in and working groups were formed to consider the issues members felt were important.
The meeting began with a presentation from Robin Robinson, the newly named the Director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), on “Old & New Perspectives at BARDA”. Whereas in the past initiatives for CBRN threats and Pandemic Flu were independent projects within BARDA, and BioShield was used for high risk acquisition tasks, these have all been integrated under the new BARDA strategy. During both this and a later presentation, Robinson described BARDA’s interest in the possibilities of personal preparedness. He described the progress made on small medical kits (MedKits) containing doxycline to treat anthrax that could be stored by individuals in their homes in case of an emergency. He also discussed the plans for influenza-focused antiviral MedKits. On what became the hot topic of the day, Robinson solicited input from the board on the issues surrounding home stockpiling, whether it is safe, effective, and worthwhile. He also asked for input on what should be the right balance of government and personal strategies for preparedness.
Later in the day Robinson continued the discussion of personal preparedness and invited comments from Richard Besser of the CDC and Boris Lushniak of the FDA. Besser and Lushniak discussed public safety issues with personal stockpiling as well as some of the underlying problems with antibiotic resistance, drug expiration, product labeling and other regulatory issues.
In their December meeting, the NBSB had expressed an interest in biosurveillance. To address this, Capt. Daniel Sosin of the CDC briefed the board on the draft National Biosurveillance Strategic Plan. The NBSB has also indicated a concern for vulnerable populations in the event of pandemic of other major public health emergency, and therefore invited Susan Cooper from the Tennessee Department of Health to come and talk about this issue. Cooper gave an overview of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) Guidance document on “At-Risk Populations and Pandemic Influenza: Planning Guidelines for State, Territorial, and Local Health Departments”.
The NBSB also heard from C. Norman Coleman from the Radiation Research Program at HHS and Richard J. Hatchett from the Radiation Countermeasures Research and Preparedness program at NIAID. Coleman presented some of the strategies within the Radiation Management System and Hatchett discussed providing support services for radiation countermeasures product development.
Amy Patterson, executive director of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) provided an overview of NSABB efforts to the NBSB. The NSABB has a similar mandate as the NBSB, and has been working since 2005 on issues of dual-use research of concern. Patterson focused on the NSABB’s recent recommendations on synthetic genomics and their draft oversight framework for dual-use research.
Throughout the day the Chairs of the working groups which were formed in December (Pandemic Influenza, U.S. Government Medical Countermeasures Processes for CBRN Agents, Markets and Sustainability, and Disaster Medicine) gave progress reports. In addition, a new subcommittee on Disaster Mental Health was introduced.
Finally, the NBSB discussed their recommendations and future activities. The members expressed interest in looking more carefully at the issue of personal preparedness. To this end it was decided that a working group be formed to deal specifically with the issue. It was also decided that no formal recommendations be made to Secretary Leavitt at this time, however, they would ask the Secretary to review the comments made by individual members on the topics of personal preparedness and home stockpiling during the meeting.
The next NBSB meeting will be held in November 2008.
The United Kingdom is modernizing its stockpile of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, as detailed today in the Federation of American Scientists latest edition of its Nuclear Notebook, “United Kingdom Nuclear Forces, 2024”.
FAS believes the resolution is a necessary advancement of scientific understanding of the devastating consequences of a nuclear war.
The U.S. should continue its voluntary moratorium on explosive nuclear weapons tests and implement further checks on the president’s ability to call for a resumption of nuclear testing.
To help protect U.S. critical infrastructure workers, the next presidential administration should ensure ample supplies of high-quality respiratory personal protective equipment.