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[Index]


References

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2. Addington v. Texas, 441 US 418, 1979.

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55. Ennis, B. J., and Litwack, T. R., “Psychiatry and the Presumption of Expertise: Flipping Coins in the Courtroom, " California Law Review 62:693-752, 1974.

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57. Fingerhut, K. R., “Use of the Stimulation Test in Preemployment Testing," Polygraph 7:185-188, 1978.

58. Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (DC Cir. 1923).

59. Gatchel, R. J., Smith, J. E., Kaplan, N. M., et al., “The Effect of Propanolol on Polygraphic Detection of Deception," unpublished manuscript, 1983.

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61. Giesen, M., and Rollison, M. A., “Guilty Knowledge Versus Innocent Associations: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Stimulus Context on Skin Conductance," Journal of Research in Personality 14:1-11, 1980.

62. Ginton, A., Netzer, D., and Elaand, E., “A Method for Evaluating the Use of the Polygraph in a Real-Life Situation," Journal of Applied Psychology 67:131-137, 1982.

63. Glass, G. V., McGaw, B., and Smith, M. L., Meta-Analysis in Social Research (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1982).

64. Goodman, L. A., and Kruskal, W. H., “Measures of Association for Cross-Classification," Journal of the American Statistical Association 49:732-764, 1954.

65. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Heightened Motivation on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 43: 408-411, 1963.

66. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “The Effects of Task and Method of Stimulus Presentation on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 49:412-417, 1964.

67. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Perceived Role and Role Success on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 49:412-417, 1965.

67a. Hammond, D. L., “The Responding of Normals, Alcoholics and Psychopaths in a Laboratory Lie-Detection Experiment," unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, 1980.

68. Harnon, E., “Evidence Obtained by Polygraph: An Israeli Perspective, " The Criminal Law Review 340-349, 1982.

69. Harrelson, L. H., The Keeler Technique, 2d ed. (Chicago: Keeler Polygraph Institute, 1964).

71. Hayden, T., “ACLU Project Privacy," testimony of Trudy Hayden, in U.S. Congress, Senate Judiciary Committee, hearings, 1978.

72. Hayden, T., “Employers Who Use Lie Detector Tests," Business & Society Review 41:16-21, 1982.

73. Hays, W. L., Statistics, 3d ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1981).

74. Heckel, R. V., Brokaw, J. R., Salzberg, H. C., and Wiggins, S. L., “Polygraphic Variations in Reactivity Between Delusional, Nondelusional, and Control Groups in a Crime Situation," Journal of Criminal Law,. Criminology and Police Science 53:380-383, 1962.

75. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effect of Simple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," paper presented at meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, Minneapolis, Minn., 1982.

76. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effects of Multiple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 19:564-565 (abstract), 1982.

77. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effect of Simple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 19:564 (abstract), 1982.

78. Honts, C. R., Raskin, D. C., and Kircher, J. C., “Detection of Deception: Effectiveness of Physical Countermeasures Under High Motivation Conditions, " paper presented at meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, September 1983.

79. Horvath, F. S., “The Police Candidate Polygraph Examination: Considerations for the Police Administrator," Police 33-39, 1972.

80. Horvath, F. S., “Verbal and Nonverbal Clues to Truth and Deception During Polygraph Examinations," Journal of Police Science and Administration 1:138-152, 1973.

81. Horvath, F. S., “Detection of Deception: A Review of Field and Laboratory Research," Polygraph 5:107-145, 1976.

82. Horvath, F. S., “The Effect of Selected Variables on Interpretation of Polygraph Records," Journal of Applied Psychology 62:127-136, 1977.

83. Horvath, F. S., “Detecting Deception in Eyewitness Cases: Problems and Prospects in the Use of the Polygraph," Advances in the Psychology of Eyewitness Testimony, J. Wells and B. Loftus (eds. ) (New York: Cambridge University Press), in press.

84. Horvath, F. S., and Reid, J. E., “The Reliability of Polygraph Examiner Diagnosis of Truth and Deception," The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and po]ice Science 62:276-281, 1971.

85. Hunter, F. L., and Ash, P., “The Accuracy and Consistency of Polygraph Examiners’ Diagnoses," Journal of Police Science and Administration 1:370-375, 1973.

86. Iacono, W. G., Boisvenu, G. A., and F1eming, J. A., “The Effects of Diazepam and Methylphenidate on the Electrodermal Detection of Guilty Knowledge," unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

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89. Keeler, L., “Debunking the ‘Lie Detector,’" The American Journal of Police Science XXV:153- 159, 1934.

89a. Kircher, J. C., “Computerized Decision-Making and Patterns of Activation in the Detection of Deception," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1983.

90. Kircher, J. C., and Raskin, D. C., “Computerized Decisionmaking in the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 18:204-205, 1981.

91. Kircher, J. C., and Raskin, D. C., “Clinical Versus Statistical Lie Detection Revisited: Through a Lens Sharply," unpublished, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1983.

92. Kleinmuntz, B., and Szucko, B., “On the Fallibility of Lie Detection," Law and Society Review 17:84-104, 1982.

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96. Kuglemass, S., Lieblich, I., and Bergman, Z. “The Role of ‘Lying’ in Psychophysiological Detection," Psychophysiology 3:312-315, 1967.

97. Kugelmass, S., and Lieblich, I., “The Relation Between Ethnic Origin and GSR Reactivity in Psychophysiological Detection," Journal of Applied Psychology 52:158-162, 1968.

98. Kugelmass, S ., Lieblich, I., Ben-Ishai, A ., Opatowski, A., and Kaplan M., “Experimental Evaluation of Galvanic Skin Response and Blood Pressure Change Indices During Criminal Interrogation," The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 59:632-635, 1968.

100. Lahri, S. K., and Ganguly, A. K., “Experimental Study of the Accuracy of Polygraph Technique in Diagnosis of Deception With Volunteer and Criminal Subjects," Polygraph 7:89-94, 1978.

101. Larson, J. A., Lying and Its Detection (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932).

103. Larson, J, A., “Deception Tests and Lie Detectors," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 12:390-399, November 1921.

104. Lazarus, R, S., Psychological Stress and the Coping Process (New York: McGraw Hill, 1966).

105. Lykken, D. T., “The GSR in the Detection of Guilt," Journal of Applied Psychology 43:385- 388, 1959.

106. Lykken, D. T., “The Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Technique: The Effects of Faking," Journal of Applied Psychology 44:258-262, 1960.

107. Lykken, D, T., “Psychology and the Lie Detector Industry, " American Psychologist 29:725-739, 1974.

108. Lykken, D. T., A Tremor in the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie Detector (New York: McGraw Hill, 1981).

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110. Lykken, D. T,, “The Detection of Deception," Psychological Bulletin 86:47-53, 1979.

111. Lyon, V. W., “Deception Tests With Juvenile Delinquents," Journal of Genetic Psychology 48:494-497, 1936.

112. Macy J. W., Jr., Chairman, U.S. Civil Service Commission, letter to Hon. John E. Moss, Chairman, Foreign Operations and Government Information Subcommittee, House Committee on Government Operations, Nov. 22, 1965.

113. MacNitt, R. D., “In Defense of the Electrodermal Response and Cardiac Amplitude as Measures of Deception," Journal of Law and Criminology 33:266-275, 1942.

114. Marston, W. M., “Systolic Blood Pressure Changes in Deception," Journal of Experimental Psychology 2:143-163, 1917.

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116. McEvoy, J. P., “The Lie Detector Goes Into Business," The Reader’s Digest, January 1941, pp. 69-72.

118. Monahan J., The Clinical Prediction of Violent Behavior (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981.

119. More, H. W., “Polygraph Research and the University," Law and Order 14:73-78, 1966.

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121. Mullenix, P. A., and Reid, J. A., “The Pretest Interview and Its Role in the Detection of Deception," Polygraph 9:74-85, 1980.

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123. Orne, M. T., Thackray, R. I., and Paskewitz, D. A., “On the Detection of Deception: A Method for the Study of the Physiological Effects of Psychological Stimuli," Handbook of Psychophysiology, N. Greenfield and R. Sternbach (eds. ) (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston 1972), pp. 743-785.

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125. Pillemer, D. B., and Light, R. J., “Benefiting From Variation in Study Outcomes, " New Directions for Methodology of Social Behavior Science: Quantitative Assessment of Research Domains, R. Rosenthal (cd. ) (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980).

126. Podlesny, J. A., and Raskin, D. C., “Physiological Measures and the Detection of Deception," Psychological Bulletin 84:782-799, 1977.

127. Podlesny, J. A., and Raskin, D. C., “Effectiveness of Techniques and Physiological Measures in the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 15:344-358, 1978.

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130. Pyle, C. H., “The Defense Department’s Polygraph Regulations of 1982, " statement before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, Jan. 25, 1982.

131. Quigley-Fernandez, B., and Tedeschi, J. T., “The Bogus Pipeline as Lie Dectector: Two Validity Studies," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:247-256, 1978.

132. Raskin, D. C., personal communication, Aug. 23, 1983.

133. Raskin, D. C., Reliability of Chart Interpretation and Sources of Errors in Polygraph Examinations (report No. 76-3, contract No. 75-NI-99-0001, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, University of Utah, 1976.

134. Raskin, D. C. “Scientific Assessment of the Accuracy of Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 15:143-147, 1978.

135. Raskin, D. C., “Science, Competence, and Polygraph Techniques," Criminal Defense 8:11-18, 1981.

136. Raskin, D. C., “The Scientific Basis of Polygraph Techniques and Their Uses in the Judicial Process," proceedings of the Stockholm Symposium on Witness Psychology, 1982, pp. 319-371.

137. Raskin, D. C., and Hare, R. D., “Psychopathy and Detection of Deception in a Prison Population," Psychophysiology 15:126-136, 1978.

138. Raskin, D. C., and Podlesney, J. A., “Truth and Deception: A Reply to Lykken," Psychological Bulletin 86:54-58, 1979.

139. Reid, J. E., and Inbau, F. E., Truth and Deception -- The Polygraph Technique, 3d ed. (Baltimore: The Willliams & Wilkins Co., 1977).

140. Robbins, N. E., and Penley, W. J., “Review of Polygraph Charts on Nondeceptive Subjects," Polygraph 4:199-207, 1975.

141. Rosenthal, R., Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research (New York: Irvington, 1976).

142. Rosenthal, R., and Rubin, D. B., “Comparing Effect Sizes of Independent Studies," Psychological Bulletin 2:500-504, 1982.

143. Rovner, L. I., Raskin, D. C., and Kircher, J. C., “Effects of Information and Practice on Detection of Deception," paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, Wisconsin, 1979.

144. Sackett, P. R., and Decker, P. J., “Detection of Deception in the Employment Context: A Review and Critical Analysis," Personnel Psychology 32:487-507, 1979.

145. Saks, M. J., and Van Duizend, R., The Use of Scientific and Technological Evidence in Litigation: Report and Indexed Bibliography (Williamsburg, Va.: National Center for State Courts, 1983).

146. Sarbin, T. R., and Slagle, R. W., “Hypnosis and Psychophysiological Outcomes," Hypnosis: Developments in Research and New Perspectives, E. Fromm and R. E. Shor (eds. ) (New York: Aldine, 1979).

147. Saxe, L., and Fine, M., Social Experiments Methods for Design and Evaluation (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1981).

148. Schroeder, J., “Zone Comparison Test Construction (ZCT) Summary Sheet," unpublished manuscript, 1983.

149. Senese, L., “Accuracy of the Polygraph Technique With and Without Card Test Stimulation," Journal of Police Science and Administration 4:274-276, 1976.

150. Sigall, H., and Page R., “Current Stereotypes: A Little Fading, A Little Faking, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 18:247-255, 1971.

151. Sigall, H,, and Page, R., “Reducing Attenuation in the Expression of Interpersonal Affect via the Bogus Pipeline," Sociometry 35: 629-642, 1972.

152. Simon, M. A., “Shall We Ask the Lie Detector?" Science, Technology, and Human Values 8:3-13, 1983.

153. Skolnick, J. H., “Scientific Theory and Scientific Evidence: An Analysis of Lie Detection," Yale Law Journal 70:694-728, 1961.

154. Slowik, S. M., “Ethics in Preemployment Polygraph Examinations," Polygraph 8:144-149, 1979.

155. Slowick, S, M., and Buckley, J. P., “Relative Accuracy of Polygraph Examiner Diagnosis of Respiration, Blood Pressure, and GSR Recordings," Journal of Police Science and Administration 3:305-309, 1975.

156. Smith, R,, “Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws," Privacy Journal 1:79, 1981.

157. Smith, R., “Supplement to Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws 1982, 1983," Privacy Journal.

158. Stemback, R. A., and Turskey, B., “Ethnic Differences Among Housewives on Psychophysical and Skin Potential Responses to Electric Shock," Psychophysiology 1:241-246, 1965.

159. Szucko, J. J., personal communication, 1983.

160. Szucko, J. J., and Kleinmuntz, B., “Statistical Versus Clinical Lie Detection, " American Psychologist 36:488-496, 1981.

161. Thackray, R. I., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of the Type of Stimulus Employed and the Level of Subject Awareness on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 52:234-239, 1968.

162. Timm, H. W., “The Effect of Placebos and Feedback on the Detection of Deception," unpublished doctoral dissertation, College of Social Science, Michigan State University, 1979.

163. Timm, H. W., “Analyzing Deception From Respiration Patterns," Journal of Political Science and Administration 10:47-51, 1982.

164. Timm, H. W., “Effect of Altered Outcome Expectancies Stemming From Placebo and Feedback Treatment on the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Technique," Journal of Applied Psychology 4:391-400, 1982.

165. U.S. Central intelligence Agency, Director of Central Intelligence, “Investigative Scope and Adjudicative Procedures Among Intelligence Community Agencies: Personnel Security Survey," 1980.

166. U.S. Civil Service Commission, letter to the President, July 29, 1966.

167. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Government Information and Foreign Operations, Use of Polygraphs as “Lie Detectors" by the Federal Government, 89th Cong., 1st sess., House Report No. 198 (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965).

168. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Government Information and Foreign Operations, Use of Polygraphs as Lie Detectors by the Federal Government (Part 2), 89th Cong., 2d sess., House Report No. 280V (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966).

169. U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Privacy, Polygraphs, and Employment, a study prepared by the staff of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1974).

170. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, The Use of Polygraph and Similar Devices by Federal Agencies, hearings before Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and Government Information, 93d Cong., 2d sess. (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974).

171. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, The Use of Polygraphs and Similar Devices by Federal Agencies, Thirteenth Report by the Committee on Government Operations Together with Separate and Dissenting Views, 94th Cong,, 2d sess. (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976).

172. U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Polygraph Control and Civil Liberties Protection Act, hearings before the Subcommittee on the Constitution (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978).

173. U.S. Congress, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Oversight, Security Clearance Procedures in the Intelligence Agencies (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979).

174. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Education and Labor, Pressures in Today’s Workplace, vol. III, hearings before the Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations, Dec. 15, 1979 (Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980).

175. U.S. Congress, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Preernployment Security Procedures of the Intelligence Agencies, hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight, May 16, 17, 24, June 21, 1979 (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980).

176. U.S. Department of Commerce, The Cost of Crimes Against Business, 1976.

177. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Directive Number 5210.48, Conduct of Polygraph Examinations and the Selection, Training and Supervision of DOD Polygraph Examiners, July 13, 1965.

178. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Directive Number 5210.48, Polygraph Examinations and Examiners, Oct. 6, 1975.

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180. U.S. Ilepartment of Defense, Select Panel Review of the Department of Defense Personnel Security Program, Apr. 16, 1982.

181. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Polygraph Program, DOD Directive, June 1983.

182. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, The Validity of Polygraph Testing (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983).

183. U.S. Department of Defense, Present Status of DOD Research on the Polygraph, report of the DOD Joint Services Group on a Coordinated R&D Program of Lie Detection Research, Aug. 28, 1968.

183a. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Air Force, response to OTA survey, 1983.

184. U.S. Department of Justice, background briefer on Presidential Directive, 1983.

185. U.S. Department of Justice, Presidential Directive on Safeguarding National Security Information, 1983.

185a. U.S. Department of Justice, “Presidential Directive on Safeguarding National Security Information and Polygraph Examinations of Federal Employees," statement of Richard K. Willard before the House Government Operations Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security, Oct. 19, 1983.

185b. U.S. Department of Justice, response to OTA survey, 1983.

186. U.S. Department of the Treasury, response to OTA survey, 1983.

187. U.S. National Security Agency, initial and supplemental responses to OTA survey, 1983.

188. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Federal Personnel Manual System, ch. 736, app. D, “Use of the Polygraph in Personnel Investigations of Competitive Service Applicants and Appointees to Competitive Service Positions" (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 1973).

189. United States v. Brown, 557 F.2d 541, 1977.

190. United States v. Stifel, 433 F.2d 431 (6th Cir. 1970).

191. United States v. Williams, 583 F.2d (2nd Cir. 1978) .

192. “Uproar Over News Leaks and Lie Detectors," U.S. News and World Report 54:8, Aug. 15, 1963.

193. Waid, W. M., “Skin Conductance Response to Both Signaled and Unsignaled Noxious Stimulation Predicts Level of Socialization, " Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34, 923-929, 1976.

194. Waid, W. M., and Orne, M. T., “Cognitive, Social, and Personality Processes in the Physiological Detection of Deception, " Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Berkowitz, L. (ed.) 14:61-106, 1981.

195. Waid, W. M., and Orne, M. T., “The Physiological Detection of Deception," American Scientist 70:402-409, 1982.

196. Waid, W. M., Orne, E. C., Cook, M. R., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Attention, as Indexed by Subsequent Memory, on Electrodermal Detection of Information," Journal of Applied Psychology 63:728-733, 1978.

197. Waid, W. M., Orne, E. C., Cook, M. R., and Ome, M. T., “Meprobamate Reduces Accuracy of Physiological Detection of Deception," Science 212: 71-73, 1981.

198. Waid, W. M., Orne, M. T., and Wilson, S. K., “Effects of Level of Socialization on Electrodermal Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 16:15-22, 1979.

199. Waid, W. M., Orne, M. T., and Wisen, S. K., “Socialization, Awareness and the Electrodermal Response to Deception and Self-Disclosure," Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88: 663-666, 1979.

200. Waid, W. M., Wilson, S. K., and Orne, M. T., “Cross-Model Physiological Effects of Electrodermal Lability in the Detection of Deception," Tournal of Personality and Social Psychology 40:1118-1125, 1981.

201. Weir, R. J., “In Defense of the Relevant-Irrelevant Polygraph Test," Polygraph 3:119-166, 1974.

202. Weir, R. J., “Stimulation Procedures-- A Conservative View," Polygraph 7:209-214, 1978.

203. Weir, R, J., and Atwood, W. F., “Applicant 207. Screening Polygraph Examinations," Polygraph 10:129-142, 1981.

204. Whiteside, G., Profits vs. Polygraph (Phoenix, Ariz.: Associated Grocers, 1979).

205. Wicklander, D. E., and Hunter, F. L., “The Influence of Auxiliary Sources of Information in 208. Polygraph Diagnoses," Journal of Police Science and Administration 3:405-409, 1975.

206. Widacki, J,, “Analiza Przestanek Diagnozowania w Badanich Poligraficznych (The Analysis of Diagnostic Premises in Polygraph Examinations)" (Katowice, Poland: Uniwersytetu Slaskiego, 1982).

207. Widacki, J., and Horvath, F., “An Experimental Investigation of the Relative Validity and Utility of the Polygraph Technique and Three Other Common Methods of Criminal Identification," Journal of Forensic Sciences 23:596-601,“1978.

208. Ziskin, J., Coping With Psychiatric and Psychological Testimony (Venice, Calif.: Law and Psychology Press, 1982).





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