(U) COST: (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R0542 Air Human Factors Engineering | 558 | 1,081 | 1,109 | 1,129 | 1,151 | 1,178 | 1,203 | 1,231 | CONT | CONT |
| R1770 Manpower and Personnel Development | 3,355 | 3,836 | 3,964 | 4,206 | 4,316 | 4,417 | 4,512 | 4,615 | CONT | CONT |
| R1771 Ship Human Factors Engineering | 2,502 | 2,095 | 2,132 | 2,171 | 2,202 | 2,252 | 2,302 | 2,355 | CONT | CONT |
| R1772 Education and Training Development | 4,402 | 5,678 | 5,266 | 6,435 | 6,553 | 6,655 | 6,769 | 6,899 | CONT | CONT |
| R1773 Simulation and Training Devices | 4,955 | 5,800 | 6,341 | 7,700 | 7,279 | 7,317 | 7,469 | 7,636 | CONT | CONT |
| TOTAL | 15,772 | 18,490 | 18,812 | 21,641 | 21,501 | 21,819 | 22,255 | 22,736 | CONT | CONT |
* Projects Realignment from L code to R code in FY96.
(U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: This program element supports the Joint Support Areas for Manpower & Personnel, Shore Training, and Readiness, Support & Infrastructure; it also supports the Joint Mission Area assessments for most warfare areas, and the Future Joint Warfighting Capabilities identified by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It develops technologies that enable the Navy to select, assign and manage its people; to train effectively and affordably in classroom settings, in simulated environments and while deployed; and to operate and maintain complex weapon systems. It consists of the following technologies:
1. (U) Human Factors Engineering: These projects develop information management techniques, advanced interface technologies, and decision support systems, all of which help ensure that complex systems will be operated and maintained more effectively, with fewer human-induced errors, and with greater safety.
2. (U) Manpower and Personnel: This project provides Navy personnel system managers with the ability to choose and retain the right people and to place them in jobs that best use their skills, training, and experience. Fleet readiness can be enhanced and personnel costs reduced via such technologies as modeling, mathematical optimization, advanced testing,
statistical forecasting, and human performance measurement.
3. (U) Education and Training Development: This project focuses on the acquisition and maintenance of complex skills through individual and team training technologies. It improves training efficiency and cost-effectiveness by applying operations research and instructional, cognitive, and computer sciences to the logistics, development, delivery, evaluation, and execution of training.
4. (U) Simulation and Training Devices: This project improves mission effectiveness and safety by applying both simulation and instructional technology to the design of affordable training systems. The project develops and evaluates systems to improve advanced training, skill maintenance and mission rehearsal capability.
(U) The Navy S&T program includes projects that focus on or have attributes that enhance the affordability of warfighting systems.
(U) JUSTIFICATION FOR BUDGET ACTIVITY: This program is budgeted within the ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Budget Activity because it encompasses design, development, simulation, or experimental testing or prototype hardware to validate technological feasibility and concept of operations and reduce technological risk prior to initiation of a new acquisition program or transition to an ongoing acquisition program.
(U) COST: (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R0542 Air Human Factors Engineering | 558 | 1,081 | 1,109 | 1,129 | 1,151 | 1,178 | 1,203 | 1,231 | CONT | CONT |
A. (U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: This project develops and demonstrates advanced human factors engineering (HFE) technology to improve the integration of the human in Navy airborne weapons systems. General goals of the project are to enhance human performance effectiveness, reduce design-induced critical human performance errors, and accelerate insertion of advanced HFE technology into existing and new weapons systems. Prior work in this project has focused on developing and refining a pilot decision aiding architecture that allows for both data-driven as well as operator inputs into the decision making process. This task addressed the problem of integrating information from multiple aircraft to enhance performance in the multi-dimensional battle space.
(U) The current task focuses on mission essential requirements of precise navigation and rapid target acquisition in close air support (CAS) and precision strike missions. The requirement for first pass weapon delivery with a minimum of collateral damage makes both missions extremely demanding and requires that pilots work with accurate and timely information to plan and execute the mission.
(U) Currently, during the planning process, photographs are used to provide familiarity with the route, with significant terrain and cultural features along the route and in the target itself. There is no method to display this important information in the aircraft. This project will evaluate the benefits of displaying annotated satellite imagery in the aircraft for use in a CAS-like mission.
(U) Flight tests using this system will systematically evaluate improvements in navigation and targeting accuracy. Pilot opinion will also be used to evaluate the utility of on-board satellite imagery for CAS and precision targeting. The project will also demonstrate, in the laboratory, enhancements which integrate satellite imagery and terrain elevation data to form pseudo-three dimensional (3-D) satellite imagery. The demonstration will also explore how to present a set of target images from a variety of aspects as a target identification aid.
(U) The payoff will be an advanced cockpit display format of satellite imagery and maps supporting navigation and targeting. This information is expected to improve geographic awareness (thus situational awareness also) and navigation accuracy by 10% or more. Additional payoffs might occur if operators could view the satellite imagery during planning, providing an opportunity for route familiarization and mission rehearsal. Laboratory experiments using pseudo 3-D imagery have shown decreases in response times for target recognition of 20%.
(U) PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS:
1. (U) FY 1996 ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
(U) ($558) New Starts:
- (U) A Statement of Work was written and approved for Naval Research Lab (NRL) tasking to incorporate satellite imagery into Aircraft Optical Disk images for AV-8B digital moving-map systems. Delivered satellite imagery to NRL with software to enable them to display/read it. Acquired the image cells of the China Lake area, and combined them into one continuous database. Developed an algorithm to accurately determine the latitude and longitude of every satellite-generated pixel in the database. Built a simulation facility to be used for risk reduction activities prior to flight testing of the imagery.
2. (U) FY 1997 PLAN:
($1,081) Continuations:
- (U) Plan demonstration to show that the 3-D scene generation system can display satellite imagery from the viewpoint of the aircraft. Schedule demonstration.
- (U) Build 3-D Scene Generation System. The hardware and software necessary to display the satellite imagery in 3-D will be developed using algorithms previously developed for the Land Multisensor Correlator, a 6.2 Land Targeting Task of the Air Weaponry Technology Area (PE 0602111N).
- (U) Integrate with Aircraft Avionics. This task will include integration of necessary hardware and software into the aircraft avionics.
3. (U) FY 1998 PLAN:
($1,109) Completions:
- (U) Conduct a flight technology demonstration of on-board perspective view images with overlays for targeting and tactical decision making in a precision strike CAS mission environment.
4. (U) FY 1999 PLAN:
($1,129) New Starts:
- (U) Initiate a technology demonstration program to assess the utility of enhanced imagery to improve lethality while reducing the threat of information warfare.
B. (U) PROGRAM CHANGE SUMMARY:
FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999
(U) FY 1997 President's Budget: 1,043 1,126 1,134 1,149
(U) Adjustments from FY 1997 PRESBUDG: -485 -45 -25 -20
(U) FY 1998/1999 President's Budget Submission: 558 1,081 1,109 1,129
(U) CHANGE SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
(U) Funding: The FY 1996 reduction is due to actual execution (-484); and from the Jordanian F-16 financing rescission (-1). The FY 1997 reduction is due to Congressional Undistributed Reductions (-45). The FY 1998 reduction results from Navy Working Capital Fund (NWCF) changes and minor adjustments (-25); and from inflation adjustment (- 3). The FY 1999 reduction results from NWCF and minor adjustments (-16); and from inflation adjustment(-4).
(U) Schedule: Not applicable.
(U) Technical: Not applicable.
C. (U) OTHER PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY:
(U) RELATED RDT&E:
(U) PE 0601152N (In-House Laboratory Independent Research)
(U) PE 0601153N (Defense Research Sciences)
(U) PE 0602233N (Readiness, Training and Environmental Quality)
(U) PE 0603792N (Advanced Technology Transition)
D. (U) SCHEDULE PROFILE: Not applicable.
(U) COST: (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R1770 Manpower and Personnel Development | 3,355 | 3,836 | 3,964 | 4,206 | 4,316 | 4,417 | 4,512 | 4,615 | CONT | CONT |
A. (U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: This project supports the Manpower & Personnel Joint Support Area by responding to requirements for technologies that will maintain or improve fleet readiness while reducing personnel end strength; enable the Navy to manage the force effectively and efficiently; and optimize the selection and assignment of personnel to highly demanding jobs. The major goals are to ensure that the Navy has a force that is flexible, integrated, responsive, and affordable so that skilled personnel are available to handle complex weapons systems when needed; and that smaller forces will have greater capabilities by placing the right person in the right job at the right time. The program supports the delivery of new technologies in modeling, mathematical optimization, advanced testing, statistical forecasting, and human performance measurement.
(A) PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS:
1. (U) FY 1996 ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
($1,076) New Starts:
- (U) Developed a system to estimate officer accession requirements and to develop cost effective officer accession plans.
- (U) Demonstrated benefits of integrating officer planning, management, and analytical systems to eliminate duplication of effort as officer planners and managers reorganize to separate functional groups and locations.
- (U) Demonstrated how to obtain a more effective and efficient enlisted community management process to improve manning/readiness levels.
- (U) Tested and evaluated client-server technology for accessing corporate personnel and billet files for integrated Active Duty, both officer and enlisted, and Reserve management.
($515) Continuations:
- (U) Designed and tested alternative econometric models for allocating distribution-impacting pays, such as sea pay, sub-pay and hazardous duty pay to skill groups; developed econometric models for allocating retention impacting pays and bonuses, given new Navy skill categories and career paths.
($1,764) Completions:
- (U) Developed an assignment execution monitoring system to measure policy compliance and to provide feedback for corrective action.
- (U) Demonstrated a system to effect assignment policy tradeoffs.
- (U) Developed a decision support system to integrate the management of recruiting, delayed entry program, enlistment incentives, initial skill training and enlisted strength planning to improve ability of these systems to respond to each other.
- (U) Developed recruit attrition and advancement forecasting models; incorporated new models into enlisted strength policy analysis model; tested and evaluated resulting system in operational setting.
2. (U) FY 1997 PLAN:
($1,924) New Starts:
- (U) Initiate Training Costs for Navy Personnel Models Project; capitalize on results from 6.2 research by utilizing the Enlisted Training Readiness Model to optimize the size of the Individuals Account based on criteria for fleet manning and readiness.
- (U) Initiate Permanent Change of Station (PCS)/Temporary Duty Under Instruction (TEMDUINS) impact on Navy Personnel Unit Readiness Project; develop mathematical modeling techniques in assignment optimization to improve linkage between personnel unit readiness and PCS/TEMDUINS budgets; additionally, impacts on insufficient funding as relates to readiness will be explored.
- (U) Initiate Distribution System 2000 Prototyping Project; explore feasibility of using mathematical models, simulation methods, artificial intelligence, expert systems, heuristic and decision support systems in prototyping technologies for improving the Navy's personnel distribution and assignment processes.
- (U) Initiate Computer Communications Technology for Recruiting Project; identify and integrate into the design of an overall system architecture promising technologies to improve recruiting effectiveness.
($1,392) Continuations:
- (U) Develop client-server prototype for integrated access to active duty and reserve, officer and enlisted, personnel and billet file systems.
- (U) Develop officer accession planning prototype system that recognizes strength constraints, accession source mixes and prevailing recruiting conditions.
- (U) Develop integrated force structure/personnel prototype tool using Accordion Model proof of concept for enlisted community development.
($520) Completions:
- (U) Develop and implement econometric models for allocating distribution-impacting pays and retention pays to new Navy skill groups, given changes in career paths, integrate with strength policy analysis model to allow economic variables to be systematically factored into policy analyses.
3. (U) FY 1998 Plan:
($375) New Starts:
- (U) Determine feasibility of econometric modeling of special pays (reenlistment bonuses) to influence retention and improve readiness.
($3,189) Continuations:
- (U) Continue developing client/server technology for use by manpower/personnel managers (was FY 1996 New Start).
- (U) Continue modeling development to improve enlisted community management and readiness.
- (U) Continue development of models, system/subsystem architecture, and management information and decision support systems for five (5) FY 1997 New-start projects.
($400) Completions:
- (U) Develop integrated pilot system for officer accession planning and personnel management.
4. (U) FY 1999 Plan:
($356) New Starts:
- (U) Determine feasibility of econometric modeling of bonus pays to influence retention and improve readiness.
($1,000) Continuations:
- (U) Continue development of software models and an integration model to link long and short range forecasting models to improve enlisted community management and readiness.
($2,850) Completions:
- (U) Complete development of the Assessment Planning Model that will calculate personnel flows for training and their associated training costs.
- (U) Complete development of the Execution Year Monitoring Model that will monitor the Student Portion of the Individuals Account (IA) during execution. Use of this model and the Enlisted Training Readiness Model will optimize the size of the IA based on criteria for fleet manning.
- (U) Complete PCS/TEMDUINS Model to provide improved decision making, bound resource expenditures per assignment cycle (every two weeks), and improve linkages between personnel unit readiness and PCS/TEMDUINS budgets.
- (U) Conduct pilot testing, evaluate and demonstrate new prototype models/systems to support the Bureau of Naval Personnel Distribution Steering Group's business process reengineering effort for the Navy's next generation personnel distribution system.
- (U) Demonstrate proof of concept of chosen technologies at recruiting stations, Military Entrance Processing Stations , and Chief of Naval Recruiting, as appropriate, to integrate and link recruiter/classifier advertising procedures and practices.
B. (U) PROGRAM CHANGE SUMMARY:
FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999
(U) FY 1997 President's Budget: 3,749 3,998 3,978 4,243
(U) Adjustments from FY 1997 PRESBUDG: -394 -162 -14 -37
(U) FY 1998/1999 President's Budget Submission: 3,355 3,836 3,964 4,206
(U) CHANGE SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
(U) Funding: The FY 1996 reduction results in the Jordanian F-16 financing rescission (-4); and from actual execution (-390). The FY 1997 reduction results from the Congressional Undistributed Reductions (-162). The FY 1998 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments (-4); and from the inflation adjustment (-10). The FY 1999 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments (-21); and from the inflation adjustment (-16).
(U) Schedule: Not applicable.
(U) Technical: Not applicable.
C. (U) OTHER PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY: Not applicable.
(U) RELATED RDT&E: This project adheres to Tri-Service Reliance Agreements on Manpower and Personnel Technology. Work is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in:
(U) PE 0601152N (In-House Laboratory Independent Research)
(U) PE 0601153N (Defense Research Sciences)
(U) PE 0602233N (Readiness, Training, and Environmental Quality)
(U) PE 0603007A (Human Factors, Personnel and Training Advanced Technology
(U) PE 0603227F (Personnel, Training, and Simulation Technology)
D. (U) SCHEDULE PROFILE: Not applicable.
(U) COST: (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R1771 Ship Human Factors Engineering | 2,502 | 2,095 | 2,132 | 2,171 | 2,202 | 2,252 | 2,302 | 2,355 | CONT | CONT |
A. (U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: The goal of this project is to improve ship, task force and battle group operations by developing human factors technology for incorporation into operational systems and training programs. This technology is designed to reduce training and personnel requirements and to enhance mission performance in such areas as global surveillance, joint operations, mission planning, data fusion and Command and Control Warfare. The project supports Joint Chiefs of Staff Future Joint Warfighting Capabilities as well as requirements in several Joint Management Areas, including: Joint Space and Electronic Warfare/Intelligence (e.g., displays for integrating information from multiple sources); Joint Littoral/Strategic Sealift (e.g., aiding decision makers in complex tactical situations under stressful conditions); and Joint Surveillance (e.g., displaying information in formats optimized for the needs of different users).
(U) PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS:
1. (U) FY 1996 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
I. ($595) New Starts:
- (U) Completed requirements analysis of the software and hardware needs for the Open Systems Workstation (OSAW) design. Selected, ordered and integrated the software and hardware into the prototype ergonomic OSAW. Conducted successful demonstration at request of sponsor.
- (U) Completed a study on the feasibility of a laboratory simulation of the sonar multi-ping classification algorithms developed at the University of Texas Applied Research Laboratories for the purpose of evaluating human-system interface design options. Constructed a color-code for Doppler information consistent with a proposed color-code for classification information. Completed the design of a series of quantitative experiments evaluating the performance of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Active Adjunct Processor notional display suite augmented with color-coded Doppler information.
II. ($1,441) Continuations:
- (U) Completed development of prototype 2 Dimension (2D) and 3D visualizations related to Information Warfare (IW) data. Linked visualizations to nodal analysis tools. Initiated analysis for development of IW planning tools, collaborative linkages and information management systems for the Command and Control Warfare Commander (C2WC). Conducted demo in Joint Warrior Interoperability Demonstration 96.
- (U) Completed installation of a prototype Political-Military Anchor Desk--Research, Analysis Information System (PMAD-RAIS) at USCINCPAC Gaming and Simulation Facility. The PMAD-RAIS prototype consists of a three tier client-server architecture that provides researchers the ability to search local and remote databases for information on political-military, economic, and sociological developments relating to the Pacific Command area of responsibility. Search results are ranked by relevance, context, and validity. The output of the PMAD-RAIS has been used to respond to "short-fuse" information requests from the staff and to prepare background papers for senior decision makers.
- (U) Completed a usability study of application tools designed for command staff document generation. The performance evaluation and determination of the value added by these tools was successfully completed at Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV), Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT), CINCLANTFLT, and Type Commanders(TYCOMS).
III. ($466) Completions:
- (U) The final increment of the Combat Information Center (CIC) software build resulted in the following: transition of Human Computer Interface (HCI) control/display products developed in the preceding incremental builds to TAC-4 workstations, linking of HCI software with an operational Navy tactical data base, a new interface for constructing display doctrine statements on CIC operator consoles and an expanded set of symbol set choices and enhancement coding dimensions for use in constructing display doctrine statements and variable coded symbology track "filters." Two empirical tests of the variable coded symbology concept, which allows vehicular track symbols to be visually emphasized or receded on the same tactical situation display, were also completed.
- (U) Initiated development of a web-based human factors data collection system in support of a prototype study and evaluation of the Disaster Relief Anchor Desk user interface. Established a formal relationship with the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) and then became the CINCPAC technical representative to the PDC. Completed work on the Damage Prediction upgrade system installation at CINCPAC and at the Maui High Performance Computing Center. Supported CINCPAC and other organizations during several major military and civilian exercises.
2. (U) FY 1997 PLAN:
IV. ($422) New Starts:
- (U) An applied research program, Tactical Decision-Making Under Stress (TADMUS), will transition into this program element for a shipboard advanced technology demonstration. Emphasis will be on improved user-computer interface and display design for anti-air warfare. Prototype display formats developed under the 6.2 program will be modified and enhanced to be compatible with the hardware and software capabilities of shipboard combat systems.
- (U) Evaluate the application of 3D visualization to specific warfare areas. While 3D rendering is becoming more available for high-end computer users, little data are available as to its best application in naval warfare. A requirements analysis will be completed for selected warfare area such as Anti Air Warfare, Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) and Anti Surface Warfare. This will be combined with an assessment of the 3D rendering capabilities available in current and planned TAC computer systems. From these analyses, a prototype 3D rendering capability will be developed for the TAC suite.
V. ($816) Continuations:
- (U) Continue development and user evaluation of the OSAW. Complete integration of hardware, user-computer interface and ergonomic design of the workstation. Conduct demonstrations and user evaluation workshops.
- (U) Complete laboratory performance evaluation of Active Adjunct Processor displays with color-coded Doppler information, including surface duct and variable depression search displays. Develop a color-code recommendation for the multi-ping classification algorithms included in the Active Adjunct Processor. Develop a recommendation for the query-readout area of the human-system interface for the multi-ping classification system. Design a laboratory evaluation of the performance of the recommended multi-ping classification interface.
VI. ($857) Completions:
- (U) Complete development and prototype testing in both shore and afloat environments of the C2WC information management and planning module. Document C2W module requirements. Transition software and requirements to Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) program.
- (U) Continue development and refinement of existing prototype architecture, particularly in the implementation of object-oriented linking. The database management system will be improved and streamlined, and an advanced user interface will be implemented. New collaborative tools will be added, information manipulation and presentation tools will be enhanced, and intelligent agent capabilities will be added. Product will transition to Gaming and Simulation facility (J-53) at CINCPAC.
- (U) The usability evaluation of the remaining application tools, OPNAV Requirements, Help, Training, and Activity will be completed and overall before-after performance improvement determined. The completed integrated package will transition to CINCLANTFLT N-8 as well as other Fleet and TYCOM commands in both the Atlantic and Pacific theater.
3. (U) FY 1998 PLAN:
VII. ($566) New Starts:
- (U) Develop a capability/readiness monitoring and planning system to allow ships to effectively manage non-organic assets during catastrophic conditions. Major emphasis during the first year will be function and compatibility analysis of selected weapon systems.
- (U) A detailed requirements analysis will be conducted of the collaborative needs required for distributed decision-makers in a battlefield/battlegroup environment as well as an assessment of the tools available to meet these needs. A preliminary hardware and software architecture will be developed to address these collaborative issues. Architecture will be modified based upon user evaluation and performance measurement.
VIII. ($750) Continuations:
- (U) Enhanced user-computer interfaces will be developed for the 3-D system. Software modifications, if required, will be made to JMCIS, the Common Operating Environment software, and the Joint Mapping Tool Kit, to allow operation with different HCI devices and to generate the 3D rendering displays.
- (U) The re-hosted TADMUS software will be evaluated in a TAC-4 environment and new display parameters will be added based upon user evaluation from both laboratory and field tests. Approved TADMUS software will be incorporated into actual shipboard combat system computers and the displays will be located within CIC for real-world testing and evaluation.
IX. ($816) Completions:
- (U) Complete user evaluations and overall system integration of OSAW. Document design and complete user's manual. Transition the technology adopted by the OSAW to the next-generation TAC and UYQ-70 program.
- (U) Complete laboratory performance testing of the recommended multi-ping classification interface for the Active Adjunct Processor. Coordinate with NUWC on the transition of laboratory tested interface recommendations into the Active Adjunct Processor design specifications.
4. (U) FY 1999 PLAN:
X. ($721) New Starts:
- (U) The emphasis upon reduced shipboard manning within the Navy requires that a detailed analysis be conducted upon the human factors engineering (HFE) consequences of this goal. Reduced manning implies either (1) fewer people doing more jobs; (2) more jobs being automated, increasing the system monitoring role required of the
personnel left onboard or, more likely; (3) some combination of the two. An HFE evaluation will be performed for both these approaches on selected shipboard systems deemed critical to mission success. The hardware, software, cognitive and physiological consequences of reduced manning will be assessed and prototype new system architecture proposed and evaluated.
- (U) Address the need within certain military documentation (e.g. Operations(OP) Plans, OP Orders, Commander's Estimate) to have immediate access to the reference materials that was abstracted to produce the final document. A concept of hyper-linkages between the main document and its component inputs will be evaluated to see if it meets this need. Currently, no Commercial-off-the-Shelf software has the specific capability required by the military, and a prototype document creation/management software user interface will be designed and tested.
XI. ($700) Continuations:
- (U) Autonomous ships must still be able to conduct cooperative engagements with other ships. Interface strategies and the user-computer interface issues in linking weapon systems across platforms will be the major emphasis for this year.
- (U) Prototype architecture system for battlefield collaboration will continue to be refined based upon user evaluation, field testing and assessment of value added by the prototype system. Emphasis this year will be upon user-interface design and development of measures of effectiveness for evaluating the quality of the tactical decision-making of the distributed users.
XII. ($750) Completions:
- (U) Software metrics will be developed to allow the measurement of performance of the operators doing specific task portions of the JMCIS application. This will permit a quantitative evaluation of the actual value added by 3D rendering. High fidelity scenarios will be developed for operator testing. Those 3D rendering features which show improved operator performance will be transitioned into the JMCIS program.
- (U) Complete at-sea demonstration of revised TADMUS display software. Incorporate all user evaluations in embedded training modules and then transition to Third Fleet Flag Ship.
B. (U) PROGRAM CHANGE SUMMARY:
FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999
(U) FY 1997 President's Budget: 2,015 2,183 2,190 2,212
(U) Adjustments from FY 1997 PRESBUDG: 487 -88 -58 -41
(U) FY 1998/1999 President's Budget Submission: 2,502 2,095 2,132 2,171
(U) CHANGE SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
(U) Funding: The FY 1996 increase results from minor reprogrammings to support changes in requirements (+605); from the Jordanian F-16 financing rescission (-2); and from the Administrative and Personal Services Rescission (-116). The FY 1997 reduction results from the Congressional Undistributed Reductions (-88). The FY 1998 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments (-53); and from the inflation adjustment (-5). The FY 1999 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments (-33); and from the inflation adjustment (-8).
(U) Schedule: Not applicable.
(U) Technical: Not applicable.
C. (U) OTHER PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY: Not applicable.
(U) RELATED RDT&E:
(U) PE 0601152N (In-House Laboratory Independent Research)
(U) PE 0601153N (Defense Research Sciences)
(U) PE 0602233N (Readiness, Training, and Environmental Quality)
(U) PE 0602270E (Technology Development)
(U) PE 0603226E (Advanced Distributed Simulation)
(U) PE 0604703N (Manpower, Personnel, Training, Simulation and Human Factors)
D. (U) SCHEDULE PROFILE: Not applicable.
(U) COST: (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R1772 Education and Training Development | 4,402 | 5,678 | 5,266 | 6,435 | 6,553 | 6,655 | 6,769 | 6,899 | CONT | CONT |
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE | TOTAL PROGRAM |
| R1773 Simulation and Training Devices | 4,955 | 5,800 | 6,341 | 7,700 | 7,279 | 7,317 | 7,469 | 7,636 | CONT | CONT |
A. (U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: This project supports the Shore Training Joint Support Area, as well as most Joint Mission Areas (JMAs) and Joint Chiefs of Staff Future Joint Warfighting Capabilities, all of which depend on high quality training to ensure mission success. The project responds to requirements for effective and affordable training and mission rehearsal capability by applying advanced simulation technology and innovative instructional concepts to the design of training systems. Examples of JMA requirements supported by tasks in this project include: training skilled personnel to handle complex weapons that may not be fired for extended periods (Strategic Deterrence); training for near-real-time targeting (Joint Strike); training operators and decision makers to respond to data received and processed at increasing speeds (Joint Space and Electronic Warfare/Intelligence); and training personnel to deal with target sets that are variable and difficult to identify as friendly or hostile (Joint Surveillance).
(U) PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS:
1. (U) FY 1996 ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
I. ($4,239) Continuations:
- (U) Demonstrated vastly improved shipboard instructor support based on new technology onboard a ship in support of afloat training and Battle Force Tactical Training (BFTT) in order to improve tactical team training and complex decision-making.
- (U) Continued to improve innovative instructional and simulation techniques for sonar employment using Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) hardware in order to greatly improve training and to reduce system costs by a factor of ten.
- (U) Completed a cognitive task analysis of electronic warfare and anti-air warfare positions. Completed the requirements for an automated performance recording system to greatly improve deployable training and decision making. Continued the development of a human performance model in order to automate performance assessment of individual and team skills.
- (U) Continued to improve virtual environment for submarine piloting technology demonstration system in order to provide better training to reduce the potential of ship-handling errors and save lives and property.
II. ($716) Completions:
- (U) Completed Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) technology demonstration showing solutions to Naval aviation problems allowing aviation trainers to be networked together for team tactical training and mission rehearsal. Transitioned DIS technology to UH-1 trainer to improve training and mission rehearsal including other services and allies.
2. (U) FY 1997 PLAN:
III. ($1,106) New Starts:
- (U) Develop Transportable Strike/Assault Rehearsal System for precision strike. Select training and mission rehearsal requirements, simulation components and supporting databases.
IV. ($4,694) Continuations:
- (U) Demonstrate, test and evaluate Shipboard Instructor hand held tactical aid onboard ships in support of afloat training and Battle Force Tactical Trainer (BFTT) in order to improve tactical team training and complex decision making.
- (U) Demonstrate innovative instructional and simulation techniques for sonar employment training using COTS hardware in order to greatly improve training and to reduce training system costs by a factor of ten and improve detection range and accuracy.
- (U) Demonstrate an automated performance recording system to greatly improve deployable tactical training and decision making. Continue the development of a human performance model in order to automate performance assessment of individual and team skills.
- (U) Demonstrate improved virtual environment for submarine piloting technology demonstration system in order to provide better training to reduce the potential of ship-handling errors and save lives and property.
3. (U) FY 1998 PLAN:
V. ($1,281) New Starts:
- (U) Develop the training function of readiness. To develop this relationship, training effectiveness will be determined from Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs)/Measures of Performance (MOPs) data, which in turn will be investigated for their ability to predict readiness. Readiness indicators, or criteria, will be derived from performance during operational exercises.
- (U) Develop and demonstrate an automated, deployable, multimedia system for training tactical knowledge and decision making skills. Select an authoring tool for the creation of multimedia training materials and lessons in the area of tactical decision making (TDM) in the Aegis environment, and a delivery tool for the actual presentation and management of instruction.
VI. ($2,140) Continuations:
- (U) Demonstrate Transportable Strike/Assault Rehearsal System for precision strike. Evaluate training mission rehearsal requirements, simulation components and supporting data bases.
VII. ($2,920) Completions:
- (U) Implement innovative instructional and simulation techniques for sonar employment training using COTS hardware in order to greatly improve training and to reduce training system costs by a factor of ten and improve detection range and accuracy.
- (U) Implement automated performance recording and assessment of individual and team skills in order to greatly improve deployable tactical training and decision making.
- (U) Implement improved virtual environment for submarine piloting technology demonstration system in order to provide better training to reduce the potential of ship-handling errors and save lives and property. Demonstrate connection to ship handling trainer for team training.
- (U) Implement vastly improved shipboard instructor support based on new technology onboard a ship in support of afloat training and BFTT in order to improve tactical team training and complex decision making.
4. (U) FY 1999 PLAN:
VIII. ($2,760) New Starts:
- (U) Initiate the integration and development of Virtual Environment Training Technology for seated tasks such as those performed by Naval Aviators, in order to improve the fidelity and significantly reduce the costs and physical size of aviation training devices.
- (U) Initiate the development of simulations which model human cognitive interface with a complex system. These simulations will permit the manipulation of human capabilities in order to ascertain the combinations which lead to maximum man-machine system performance.
- (U) Initiate the development of a nonintrusive, compact, portable, shipboard trainer to be made available
at duty stations to instruct in skill performance. Trainer will be modifiable via software to instruct
various skills as they are required on-board ship.
IX. ($2,900) Continuations:
- (U) Demonstrate the training function of readiness. To develop this relationship, training effectiveness will be determined from MOEs/MOPs data, which in turn will be investigated for their ability to predict readiness. Readiness indicators, or the criteria, will be derived from performance during operational exercises.
- (U) Demonstrate authoring tool for the creation of multimedia training materials and lessons in the area of TDM in the Aegis environment, and a delivery tool for the actual presentation and management of instruction.
X. ($2,040) Completions:
- (U) Implement Transportable Strike/Assault Rehearsal System for precision strike using validated training mission rehearsal requirements, simulation components and supporting data bases.
B. (U) PROGRAM CHANGE SUMMARY:
FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999
(U) FY 1997 President's Budget: 5,595 6,046 6,547 7,747
(U) Adjustments from FY 1997 PRESBUDG: -640 -246 -206 -47
(U) FY 1998/1999 President's Budget Submission: 4,955 5,800 6,341 7,700
(U) CHANGE SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
(U) Funding: The FY 1996 reduction results from Jordanian F-16 financing rescission (-6); from actual execution
(-418); and from Administrative and Personal Services Rescission (-216). The FY 1997 reduction results from the Congressional Undistributed Reductions (-246). The FY 1998 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments
(-7); from Defense Science & Technology adjustments (-200); from inflation adjustment (-16); and from Military and Personal Pay Rate adjustments (+17). The FY 1999 reduction results from the NWCF and minor adjustments (-40); from inflation adjustment (-28); and from Military and Civilian Pay Rate adjustments (+21).
(U) Schedule: Not applicable.
(U) Technical: Not applicable.
C. (U) OTHER PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY: Not applicable.
(U) RELATED RDT&E: This project adheres to Tri-service Reliance agreements on Training Systems technology. Work is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in:
(U) PE 0601152N (In-House Laboratory Independent Research)
(U) PE 0601153N (Defense Research Sciences)
(U) PE 0602233N (Readiness, Training and Environmental Quality)
(U) PE 0603216A (Synthetic Flight Simulator Devices Development)
(U) PE 0603227F (Personnel, Training and Simulation Technology)
D. (U) SCHEDULE PROFILE: Not applicable.