0603006A Command, Control and Communications Advanced Technology

Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This program element consists of projects that will advance command, control, and communications (C3) technology to provide the soldier with high quality real-time battlefield information and integrate space technologies into Army tactical applications. The tactical C4 technology integration project provides software application development demonstrations, communications system integration and prototype products for distributed, mobile, secure, fully automated spread spectrum radio networks with measures to enhance the survivability, efficiency and efficacy of Army tactical command, control, communications and computer (C4) systems. This program specifically addresses joint service demonstrations coordinated through the joint directors of laboratories (JDL) technology panel for C4, and provides key demonstrations of systems integration across the Army's battlefield functional areas. Work in this PE will provide multimedia inter networked communications while on-the-move (OTM) with commercial standard gateway connectivity to both high-speed and legacy communications assets. This program also tests and evaluates net radio, common user, and distributed communications equipment and automated spectrum management aids which have potential to solve user needs; tests and evaluates equipment deficiencies; and provides critical future capabilities and supports new radio development and evaluation, in conjunction with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force (AF). The Digital Battlefield Communications project will support the Army's battlefield digitization effort by demonstrating technology to integrate communications hardware and software capable of providing seamless communications for the digitized battlefield to meet emerging requirements for high-capacity/OTM information exchange and leading to a battlefield information transmission system (BITS) for Force XXI. The space applications technology project will demonstrate novel applications of space assets for Army missions and support space technology integration. Work in this program element is consistent with the Army Science and Technology Master Plan (ASTMP), the Army Modernization Plan, and Project Reliance. Work in this program element is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in PE 0602782A (Command, Control and Communications Technology), PE 0203740A (Maneuver Control System), PE 0203726A (Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System), PE 0602783A (Computer and Software Technology), PE 0602702E (Tactical Technology), PE 0603772A

(Advanced Tactical Computer Science and Sensor Technology), and PE 0603789F (C3I Technology Development) in accordance with the ongoing Reliance Joint planning process. Efforts under Projects D247 (Tactical C3 Technology Integration) and D257 (Digital Battlefield Communications) are performed primarily by the US Army

Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Space and Terrestrial Communications Directorate, Fort Monmouth, NJ. Contractors include: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA; Mitre Corporation and Booze-Allen and Hamilton, Eatontown, NJ; AT&T, Holmdel, NJ; GTE, Taunton, MA; Hazeltine, Greenlawn, NY; Rockwell International, Richardson, TX; and Jet Propulsion Laboratories, Pasadena, CA. Work under D592 (Space Applications Technology) is managed primarily by the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (USASSDC), Alexandria, VA. Work in this program element is dedicated to conducting field demonstrations and tests of technologies to meet specific military needs and is correctly placed in Budget Activity 3.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
D247	Tactical C4 Technology Integration	5245	7271	8028	12824	10422	9665	12153	13023	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: This project develops computer and communications technology options using commercial standard hardware and software to support battlefield decision making for the five battlefield functional areas. These efforts support evolving Army requirements for automated, real-time, digital information transfer, and the development and demonstration of communication systems needed for the combined arms command and control (CAC2) program. This project also performs development of ultra-high frequency (UHF) satellite communications (SATCOM) on-the-move (OTM), interfaces mobile UHF SATCOM radios to combat net radios (CNR) technology using commercial standard packet data protocols, and is developing multiband, multimode radio (MBMMR) technologies as part of the Joint Service "Speakeasy" program with the Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	2490	- Developed direct broadcast system capability as part of a joint program to demonstrate the potential applications for using the technology with standard Ku-band satellites and ground segments.
		- Investigated the feasibility and benefits of a terrestrial personal communications systems (PCS) by demonstrating the capability with legacy systems, mobile subscriber equipment for Task Force XXI.
		- Developed and demonstrated surrogate digital radio (SDR) technology during TF XXI to determine the effectiveness of passing high-volume digital traffic through a network in a battlefield situation.
		- Demonstrated internet protocol (IP) tactical end to end encryption devices (TEED), in support of field exercises.
		- Demonstrated autonomous battlefield satellite PCS capability.
		- Integrated ATM into legacy communication systems.
	2755	- Continued development of Speakeasy Phase 2 MBMMR engineering prototypes and test modifications to software/hardware for adequate emulation of waveforms.
Total	5245

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	4364	- Develop and demonstrate on-the-move surrogate direct broadcast satellite (DBS) capability that will provide DBS-like capability to areas and situations without regard to satellite access limitations for both stationary and moving platforms.
		- Develop technology options for military use of commercial personal communication systems (PCS) technology for wireless access into the Army's mobile subscriber equipment (MSE).
		- Conduct field tests of the wideband packet surrogate digital radio in the task force (TF) XXI advanced warfighting experiment (AWE).

FY 1997 Planned Program (continued)

		- Conduct communication experiments with other services over the defense information systems network (DISN)/ leading edge services (LES) interconnection.
		- Develop an initial prototype of a conformal phased array antenna for radio access point communications on-the-move requirements.
		- Develop and demonstrate legacy modifications to allow legacy SATCOM terminals to use CECOM's airborne relay as a surrogate satellite to overcome limitations of satellite availability for tactical users.
	2750	- Continue the Speakeasy development of an open system architecture for a software reprogrammable simultaneous four-channel multiband multimode radio (MBMMR) which allows rapid change over of wave forms, frequency bands (2-2000 MHz), internetworking protocols (cross channel), voice/data modes, and information security (INFOSEC) algorithms, leading to an Army demonstration in a tactical vehicle configuration.
	157	- Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs
Total	7271

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	2850	-Perform a field demonstration of the year-2 Advanced Development Model (ADM) Speakeasy Multiband Multimode Radio. Complete design, software coding, and fabrication on year-3 ADMs to reduce size, weight, power consumption and increase functionality.
	3000	-Continue lab experimentation with the other Services by exercising the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN)/Leading Edge Service (LES) interconnection to evaluate interconnection of tactical ATM with fixed ATM.
		Complete development of an integrated phased array antenna for radio access point communications OTM requirements.
	2178	Integrate and demonstrate end-to-end SHF surrogate satellite capability for range extension. Begin SATCOM terminal enhancements to reduce size and weight increasing throughput and mobility. Start UAV-based battlefield paging development.
Total	8028

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	3350	- Complete the Speakeasy development of an open system architecture for a software-reprogrammable simultaneous four-channel multiband multi-waveform which allows rapid changeover of waveforms, frequency bands (2-2000 Mhz), inter-networking protocols (cross-channel), voice/data modes, and INFOSEC algorithms (four-channel). Demonstrate radio in a tactical vehicle configuration.
	2820	- Continue DISN/LES interconnection experiments to evaluate emerging multi-service communication architectures.
		- Demonstrate appropriate digital battlefield communications (DBC) advanced technology demonstration (ATD) technologies in CORPS XXI AWE in support of high-capacity digitized communications and split-based operations. Demonstrate all the DBC ATD technologies in joint warfighter interoperability demonstration (JWID) 99.
	2350	- Demonstrate integrated phased array antenna for radio access point communications on-the-move (OTM) requirements.

FY 1999 Planned Program: (continued)

	4304	- Demonstrate UAV-based battlefield paging. Complete and demonstrate SHF SATCOM terminal enhancements. Fully integrate and demonstrate end-to-end UAV based surrogate satellite capability.
Total	12824

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	5362	7427	8043	12862
Appropriated Value	5570	7271
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-325
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	5245	7271	8028	12824

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
D257	Digital Battlefield Communications	12224	11620	8645	5365	4768	4827	5794	5431	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this project is to integrate communications hardware and software capable of providing seamless, multimedia communications for the digitized battlefield, designed to meet emerging requirements for high capacity, on-the-move (OTM) information exchange. Force projection and evolving doctrine are expected to require significantly more communications bandwidth, drastically altered traffic patterns, new services (e.g. imagery), and higher mobility, especially at echelons brigade and below, than is currently supported by today's communications systems. This project will develop and demonstrate a series of products, through an evolutionary process, capable of transitioning into field units to support the future digitized brigade, division and corps. The project will build on early system performance models begun under the combined arms command and control (CAC2) program, in order to identify appropriate non-developmental wideband communications systems to supplement the data capacity of existing lower echelon networks. Once data "hot spots" and congestion points are identified in the existing architecture, warfighter demonstrations will be used to demonstrate the warfighter benefit of added capacity at key locations on the digitized battlefield, and to identify and size fieldable deployment packages consisting of wideband digital communications and support devices to supplement existing tactical communications systems. Technology demonstration units of wide-bandwidth digital radios will be required. Laboratory demonstrations and protocol development to permit asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) traffic to interface with tactical radio/satellite equipment will be conducted. A mobile radio access point (RAP) consisting of a high capacity, OTM trunk radio, powerful portable switch (ATM or other) and legacy wide bandwidth digital subscriber networks will be developed and evaluated by troops in the field. The RAP will provide a high bandwidth OTM trunk feed in support of combat net radio, single channel radio access (SCRA), and wideband data subscribers, all communicating OTM. Network planning tools and dynamic internetwork management schemes will be exploited for both pre-battle communications planning and dynamic reconfiguration during deployment. Development of OTM antennas begun in prior years will be extended to provide fieldable, low profile antennas better suited to OTM wideband needs to connect forward mobile elements in split based deployments. Wideband airborne communications relays will be developed and evaluated for warfighter utility in achieving range extension at high data rates. Commercial personal communication systems (PCS) and direct broadcast satellite (DBS) will be evaluated for possible tactical exploitation.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	2615	- Began integration of ATM service into legacy communications network.
	1912	- Completed functional definition of RAP.
		- Determined emerging satellite technologies that will be required to use the tactical multi-net gateway (TMG) as an interface into the Tactical Internet as described in the Tactical Internetwork System Description.
	2690	- Completed commercial off the shelf (COTS) testing/requirements definition for high capacity trunk radio (HCTR).
		- Began analysis of criteria imposed by the supported ground segment (HCTR/RAP antenna) and available platforms.
		- Continued modeling and simulation of battlefield information transmission system (BITS) technologies.
		- Completed demonstration of low profile OTM antennas.

FY 1996 Accomplishments: (continued)

		- Began experimentation with wideband airborne communications relays and satellite personal communications services (PCS).
	3007	- Demonstrated direct broadcast video for tactical applications.
		- Integrated field models of the surrogate digital radio (SDR) into a brigade in conjunction with the task force (TF) XXI advanced warfighting experiment (AWE).
		- Implemented TEED into Digital Battlefield Communications architecture to provide security technology for multi level security (MLS) requirements.
		- Evaluated hardware in the Digital Integrated Laboratory (DIL) to ready for TF XXI exercise.
	2000	- Inserted and integrated emerging communications technologies in TF XXI. Provided technical/engineering support and on-site field support for TF XXI encompassing necessary coordination of AWE systems.
Total	12224

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	2850	- Demonstrate military-unique ATM enhancements (i.e. adaptive forward error correction, ATM signaling over tactical circuits, ATM over wireless networks) over legacy communication systems (e.g. mobile subscriber equipment (MSE)) to allow for better use of available bandwidth. Support and conduct TF XXI AWE ATM multimedia experimentation.
		- Develop and demonstrate wireless subscriber access (e.g. commercial PCS, wireless ISDN, near term data radio, SDR) into the RAP.
		- Leverage commercial personal communications system (PCS) technology to create a terrestrial PCS that will use very small tactical transportable base stations enabling wireless access into MSE (tactical MSE interface to commercial standard hardware).
		- Continue experimentation of communications satellite PCS technology to determine responsiveness to Army needs.
	3230	- Demonstrate radio access point (RAP) function, integrating mobile internet protocol, and survivable hand-off capability in a multi media laboratory demo using commercial standard (e.g. ATM, IP, narrowband integrated service digital network (ISDN) ) protocols.
	3817	- Begin modification of commercial non developmental hardware for high capacity trunk radio (HCTR) demonstration.
		- Continue modeling and simulation support for RAP/HCTR development.
		- Demonstrate a wideband, point to point 45 mega bits per second (MBps) airborne communications relay package to link RAP/HCTR back to MSE/tri-service tactical communications system (TRITAC)/Army common user system (ACUS).
		- Develop an initial prototype of a conformal phased array antenna for radio access point communications on-the-move requirements.
	1439	- Conduct user tests of DBC ATD products in TF XXI AWE and other user demonstrations.
		- Conduct experimentation of the wideband packet surrogate digital radio (SDR) in the TF XXI AWE.
		- Continue experimentation and support of tactical end-to-end encryption device security requirements for the DBC ATD and TF XXI.
	284	- Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	11620

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	1785	- Complete ATM multimedia experimentation. Demonstrate ATM/MSE voice, low rate survivable ATM protocols, adaptive forward error correction (FEC), and support for ATM signaling in a tactical environment.
		- Complete evaluation and demonstrate commercial terrestrial PCS to exploit commercial technology for MSE access. Begin PCS range extension enhancement.
	2856	- Integrate the RAP prototype into the digital integrated laboratory to demonstrate connectivity with MSE TPN and enhanced position location reporting system (EPLRS) in a static environment.
		- Integrate Real Time Internet Protocol (IP) with mobile IP for TMG/ATM to support RAP with low bit rate video teleconferencing.
	2450	- Complete modification of commercial off the shelf (COTS) NDI hardware for high capacity trunk radio integration and demonstration.
		- Initiate development of a dual band (X-band and Ku-band) airborne communications relay package capable of supporting 155 Mbps communications.
		- Complete development of an integrated phased array antenna for RAP communications on-the-move requirements.
	1554	- Insert and evaluate DBC ATD products in DIV XXI AWE and other user demonstrations.
		- Continue experimentation and support of tactical end-to-end encryption device (TEED) security requirements for the DBC ATD.
		- Complete modeling and simulation tools for BITS product development.
		- Begin DIL experimentation with Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) in a ground field environment.
		- Demonstrate narrowband high frequency communications technology with tactical internet access.
Total	8645

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	1153	- Demonstrate ATM enhancements for high bandwidth trunks, such as survivable tactical ATM routing and virtual circuit identifier/ virtual path identifier (VCI/VPI) control, and provide support for mobile high bandwidth ATM networks.
		- Demonstrate ATM integration into RAP.
	1870	- Demonstrate mobile Radio Access Point (RAP). Integrate and demonstrate RAP with OTM HCTR and phased array antenna capable of mobile operation.
	1040	- Integrate on-the-move (OTM) High Capacity Trunk Radio (HCTR) in the RAP.
		- Complete DIL evaluation of the NTDR.
	1302	- Demonstrate a dual band (X-band and Ku-band) airborne communications relay package capable of supporting 155-Mbps communications.
		- Demonstrate mobile phased array antenna and PCS range extension enhancement.
		- Insert and evaluate DBC ATD products in JWID 99 and other user demonstrations.

FY 1999 Planned Program: (continued)

		- Complete support of TEED security requirements for the DBC ATD.
		- Demonstrate wideband high frequency communications technology, with access to the tactical internet, for transmitting maneuver and intelligence data beyond line of sight for long range surveillance units.
Total	5365

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	10579	11981	8660	5371
Appropriated Value	10854	11620
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	1370
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	12224	11620	8645	5365

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY1996- Funding increase in project (+1645) reflects increased support for TF XXI AWE.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
D592	Space Applications Technology	5216	3635	3015	2722	4138	4215	4301	4398	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this project is to optimize Army utilization of space based systems. The project involves: (a) space technology development and demonstrations for evaluating technology feasibility, determining Army utility, and refining requirements, and (b) space technology integration into Battlefield Operating Systems. The project also addresses: defining Army requirements for space platforms; demonstrating advanced, compact space hardware; developing algorithms that optimally process space data; integrating satellite direct downlink to ground systems; and providing an advanced technology base for the Army Space Exploitation Demonstration Program, the Tri-Service DoD Space Test Program, and the exploitation of commercial space capabilities. The project focus is on Space Force Enhancement (communications, intelligence, position/navigation, reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, weather/terrain, missile warning) to improve warfighting capabilities and operations other than war.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	5216	- Demonstrated the solid-state laser boresight calibration system for space-based infrared (IR) sensors.
		- Developed and tested the Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF) IR sensor to provide multi/hyperspectral data from a space-based platform.
		- Conducted feasibility study of alternative laser communication satellite-to-air-to-ground architectures.
		- Completed study of utilizing planned commercial communication satellite systems to meet the Army's mobile communication requirements.
Total	5216

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	1095	- Demonstrate laser boresight calibration for space-based infrared (IR) sensors to improve joint tactical ground station (JTAGS) performance.
	710	- Develop low-altitude/high data rate laser communication ground terminal and conduct air-to-ground (mobile and fixed) lasercom demonstration.
	665	- Complete field test and demonstrate AOTF utility to provide spectral data from airborne platform.
	1080	- Develop Battlefield Ordnance Awareness plan, acquire target data, and evaluate C4I architecture.
	85	- Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	3635

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	500	- Integrate laser boresight calibration capability into JTAGS system to include self-alignment and pointing.
	365	- Develop Ultraspectral Sensor technology for satellite and direct downlink applications.
	1150	- Demonstrate Battlefield Ordnance Awareness Concept on airborne platforms.
	1000	- Demonstrate satellite-to-ground laser communication.
Total	3015

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	500	- Demonstrate and integrate satellite-to-satellite laser communications.
	1200	- Demonstrate the ability of the Battlefield Ordnance Awareness technology to identify explosive ordnance events on the battlefield and specify levels of conflict.
	1022	- Exploit commercial space products and capabilities that will enhance deep strike weapon systems, reduce sensor to shooter timelines, and improve the spatial registration of battlefield intelligence and targeting information.
Total	2722

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	2947	3712	2512	2215
Appropriated Value	5498	3635
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-282
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	5216	3635	3015	2722

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1996- Funding (+2269k) increased by Congress for development and demonstration of missile warning, target acquisition and communications advanced space technologies.

FY 1998/FY 1999 - Funding increased for the integration of missile warning and communications

advanced space technologies into Battlefield Operating Systems.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
D596	Field Laser Radar Demo	2844	4895	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7739

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this Congressional special interest project is to provide data reduction and analysis of field experiments data to evaluate the utility of the Field Laser Radar for Army applications. The Field Laser Radar is an imaging carbon dioxide (CO2) laser radar (ladar). This ladar transmits a waveform capable of high resolution measurements in both range and velocity. Potential applications to be investigated include theater ballistic missile defense or cruise missile defense. In addition, the equipment can provide long range, coherent remote sensing of chemical warfare agents.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	690	-Conducted chemical warfare agent detection experiments.
		-Conducted static ground tests on cruise missiles.
		-Conducted flight tests of unpowered tactical air launched decoy.
	2154	-Developed algorithms and analyzed field data.
		-Analyzed helicopter installation requirements.
		-Developed hardware requirements for helicopter ladar.
Total	2844

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	1150	-Conduct chemical warfare agent detection experiments.
		-Conduct static ground tests on cruise missiles.
		-Conduct flight tests of unpowered tactical air launched decoy.
	3625	-Develop date products fusion and algorithms.
		-Analyze precision and active angle tracking.
		-Develop multi-dimensional image.
	120	-Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	4895

FY 1998 Planned Program: Program not funded in FY 98.

FY 1999 Planned Program: Program not funded in FY 99.

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	2918	0	0	0
Appropriated Value	3000	4895
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-156
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	2844	4895	0	0

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1997- Funding provided by Congress (+4895k) to test the current hardware in a tactical environment

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
D597	Wave Net Technology	3794	1958	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5752

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this Congressional special interest project is to develop and evaluate a Wave Net circuit to perform image compression and decompression. Wave Net is an application-specific integrated circuit that utilizes a neural network architecture to efficiently perform low loss image compression. Potential applications include compression of imagery for battlefield situation awareness, aerial surveillance sensor downlinks, and image based target hand-off.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	3794	- Performed simulations to verify throughput, fidelity, and error resiliency of the Wave Net architecture. Initiated development and testing of prototype Wave Net circuit card.
Total	3794

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	1910	- Complete development and testing of prototype wave net circuit card to investigate the potential of the algorithms to increase communications bandwidth utilization.
	48	- Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	1958

FY 1998 Planned Program: Project not funded in FY 98.

FY 1999 Planned Program: Project not funded in FY 99.

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	3794	0	0	0
Appropriated Value	4000	1958
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-206
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	3794	1958	0	0

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1997 funding provided by Congress (+1958) to develop and evaluate a Wave Net circuit to perform image compression and decompression.