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1999 WMD Response Program News

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December

• INTERVIEW OF THE PRESIDENT BY CHARLIE ROSE OF 60 MINUTES II December 28, 1999 -- So my goal in this whole thing, trying to mobilize the country on biological, chemical weapons, and make sure the government is doing everything possible, is to close the gap between offense and defense.
• Pentagon revives 'Star Wars' defense in space Kyodo News Service December 20, 1999 -- One leading U.S. critic, John Pike, noted, 'We're the only ones who have anything worth shooting at -- I don't see an enemy for us in space in the foreseeable future.'
• Text: Deputy Secretary of State Talbott on NATO USIA 15 December 1999 -- Talbott acknowledged that "America's approach to these issues... has generated some controversy on both sides of the Atlantic" but saw "enough common ground" for NATO to move forward as an alliance. "Wwe must consider how missile defense -- national and collective -- fits into the equation," he said.
• DoD Halts Some Anthrax Shots Until New Plant Passes Muster American Forces Press Service 14 December 1999 -- Failure of a new anthrax vaccine production plant to pass FDA inspection has led DoD to postpone the second phase of vaccinations for at least six months.
• Air Force certifies ABL program ready for aircraft modifications (AFPN) 14 December 1999 -- As a result of this latest approval, the aircraft will fly to Wichita, Kan., in January to begin modifications that will take approximately 18 months.
• ANTHRAX VACCINE PROBLEMS Voice of America 13 December 1999 -- Pentagon officials report more problems in their effort to vaccinate all U-S military personnel against deadly anthrax germ weapons.
• Briefing on the Anthrax Vaccination and Immunization Program December 13, 1999 -- We currently have enough vaccine to continue phase one of the program, the vaccination for all those troops deploying to the high- threat areas of the Gulf and Korea. We had hoped to begin the broader phase-two vaccinations earlier next year. However, Secretary Cohen directed that phase two not start until Bioport had achieved assured production of this new vaccine. The plant has not yet begun such production, and we will not launch phase two vaccinations until we and the FDA are completely satisfied that the Bioport plant meets the highest possible safety standards. It is difficult to estimate precisely how long that this will take, but it could be in the range of six to 12 months.
• Ray Guns Warm Up in N.M. By John J. Lumpkin Albuquerque Journal Friday, December 10, 1999 -- To John Pike, an analyst with the Federation of American Scientists in Washington, D.C., the upcoming live-fire tests mean it's almost "crunch time" for the latest generation of laser weapons. "We'll find out if this generation of stuff really works," Pike said.
• New Policy Would Establish Anthrax-Shot Exemptions By Chuck Vinch, European Stars and Stripes December 9, 1999 -— The Defense Department is getting close to unveiling a new policy that will exempt troops who are getting close to retirement and separation from having to begin taking the anthrax vaccine.
• Pentagon Works To Combat Anti-Vaccine Attitudes By Chuck Vinch, European Stars and Stripes December 4, 1999 -- Pentagon officials have reached out to some of the more than 2,500 people, most of them servicemembers, who recently signed a petition against the military’s mandatory anthrax vaccinations to find out why.
• DoD News Briefing: Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen December 2, 1999 -- The United States would have to have the support of our allies to have an effective system. We believe it is important that we discuss the issue with them and lay out the nature of the threat - we had a threat briefing this morning - and to explain in great detail the nature of the system that might be deployed should the President decide to go forward next year.
• NATO DEFENSE MINISTERS Voice of America 02 December 1999 -- The European allies want to be consulted about the U-S talks with the Russians about missile defense and they confronted the Defense Secretary with a variety of questions.

  November

• STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT 30 November 1999 -- I have signed into law H.R. 3194, the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY 2000. The bill includes $264 million to expand HHS' bioterrorism initiative.
• White House Sets Rules for Use of Investigational Drugs to Protect Troops American Forces Press Service 29 November 1999 -- The White House, DoD and the FDA concur that investigational new drugs can and should continue to be viable options for force protection. President Clinton made it official Sept. 30 by issuing Executive Order 13139, which spells out ground rules for giving such drugs to service members -- with or without their consent.
• Navy Theater Wide SM-3 Rocket Motor Test 23 November 1999 -- STANDARD Missile-3 (SM-3) Third Stage Rocket Motor successfully tested for Navy Theater Wide Program. Following a successful demonstration of FTR-1, the FTR-2 flight test will add a kinetic warhead with a live Solid Divert and Attitude Control capability
• DoD News Briefing Monday, November 22, 1999 -- We think that in the new global environment of smaller, more radical states, deterrence may not work with the same effectiveness that it has over the last 40 years, and therefore we're contemplating the idea of a very limited national missile defense system that would protect us against a handful of missiles.
• Anthrax misinformation puts airmen at risk Air Force Print News 17 Nov 1999 -- Many service members -- active, Guard and Reserve -- may have jeopardized their military careers due to information gained from potentially unreliable sources.
• PRESS BRIEFING BY NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR SAMUEL "SANDY" BERGER November 17, 1999 -- The President said sometime ago that he would decide sometime next year whether to proceed with a national missile defense directed towards terrorist rogue states, based upon four criteria, four issues that he'll take into account. One, the threat, what is the level of threat that we face? Two, the technological feasibility of this very complex undertaking. General Shelton has described this as being like a bullet shooting at a bullet. Three, the cost. And, fourth, its overall impact on security, including arms control.
• DoD News Briefing November 16, 1999 -- We believe that we are on track with the next flight test scheduled for January so that our goal is to provide a series of data and definitive test results so that a decision can be made, not earlier than next summer, on a deployment readiness review.
• Proposed FMS to Republic of Korea - PATRIOT Advance Capability MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS No. 173-M November 9, 1999 -- The Republic of Korea has requested a possible sale of 14 PATRIOT Advance Capability 3 (PAC 3) fire units consisting of: 14 AN/MPQ-53 radar sets, 14 AN/MSQ-104 engagement control stations, 76 M091 launching stations, and 616 MIM-104D missiles. The estimated cost is $4.2 billion.
• Proposed FMS to The Netherlands - PAC-3 PATRIOT Missiles MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS No. 172-M November 9, 1999 --- The Government of the Netherlands has requested a possible sale of 128 PATRIOT Advance Capability-3 (PAC-3) guided missiles and related elements of logistic support. The estimated cost is $515 million.
• Anthrax Vaccine First of Many Force Health Protection Measures By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 09 November 1999 -- Mandatory anthrax vaccinations are just the beginning of medical countermeasures DoD has planned to protect deployed service members.
• DoD News Briefing November 4, 1999 - My understanding of what the Russians have is a 1970-vintage system designed to protect their national capital, Moscow. And it depends on using nuclear blasts in space to deflect, destroy, stop incoming missiles. It is not surprising that they would be looking at ways to modernize their system, given all of the technological developments that have occurred since the '70s.
• DoD Works to Counter Chemical-Biological Threats By Linda D. Kozaryn American Forces Press Service 03 November 1999 -- Effective defense against chemical and biological attack will take more than individual protective suits and masks, DoD officials said.
• JLENS receives Popular Mechanics award (Army News Service, Nov. 3, 1999) -- Popular Mechanics has chosen the Joint Land Attack Missile Elevated Netted Sensor System for a 2000 Design and Engineering Award.
• DoD News Briefing November 02, 1999 -- There was another successful test of the Arrow anti-missile system in Israel yesterday.
• Weapons of mass destruction subject of counterproliferation center's efforts Air University Public Affairs 1 Nov 1999 -- Air Force Counterproliferation Center at Maxwell provides counterproliferation courses, briefings, and materials to Air Force personnel and civilian leaders.

  October

• Space Laser May Move to Kirtland By John J. Lumpkin, Albuquerque Journal Thursday, October 28, 1999 -- The Federation of American Scientists says the United States plans to put a 20-satellite constellation of laser defense weapons in orbit.
• Team ABL successfully demonstrates first software segment of battle management system October 28, 1999 (ACCNS) -- The Airborne Laser team, comprised of the U.S. Air Force, Boeing, Lockheed Martin and TRW, for the first time has successfully demonstrated integrated Battle Management hardware and software for the Airborne Laser in the Virtual ABL Facility at Boeing in Seattle.
• Testing completed on ABL program laser module (AFPN) 22 Oct 1999 - Another significant step toward deploying the Air Force's Airborne Laser missile defense system was taken by the successful testing of the TRW-developed laser module that will serve as the technical foundation for the ABLs flight laser modules.
• DoD News Briefing - Presenter: Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen October 22, 1999 -- Egypt has agreed to start acquiring the Patriot for the future, but that would be some years before it comes on line. The Cooperative Defense Initiative is where each of the countries in the region that I have been talking to need to have increased shared early warning so that we can share information about any potential missile launches. What we want is shared information, shared early warning so that we are able to communicate to the countries involved, intelligence information that would alert anyone to whether missiles have been targeted and fired at a country.
• Don't Equate Anthrax Shots and PB Controversy, Cohen Says American Forces Press Service 20 October 1999 -- DoD's ongoing anthrax vaccination program and its use of pyridostigmine bromide during the 1991 Gulf War aren't the same -- and no one should equate the two, Defense Secretary William Cohen said.
• Cohen Touts Defense Cooperation in Gulf By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service 20 October 1999 -- Under the March 1999 Cooperative Defense Initiative , the United States and its gulf allies would work together to build and operate defenses against foes who would use weapons of mass destruction.
• Pentagon Projects More Judicious Use of Nerve Agent Drug American Forces Press Service 20 October 1999 -- The decision to give battlefield troops the anti-nerve agent drug pyridostigmine bromide won't be as easy in the future as it was during the 1991 Gulf War.
• DOD AND RAND RELEASE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AS IT PERTAINS TO GULF WAR ILLNESSES AND PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE October 19, 1999 - Although medical research has not established PB as a cause of Gulf War illnesses, it "cannot be ruled out as a possible contributor to the development of unexplained or undiagnosed illnesses.
• DoD News Briefing Tuesday, October 19, 1999 -- Rand did not reach a conclusion that the issue under study was not likely a cause of Gulf War illness. In this report they have reached the conclusion that they just don't know. They can't reject the hypothesis that exposure to taking PB may have caused chronic effects.
• DoD News Briefing: Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen and General Anthony Zinni Tuesday, October 19, 1999 -- The shared early warning? As a matter of fact, we are moving forward with technical discussions on shared early warning with Qatar and others. And that is part of this Defense Cooperation Initiative - we have not only the shared early warning, but also share information and techniques on coping with biological or chemical weapons' attacks.
• Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen News Briefing October 18, 1999 -- The kind of cooperation that we are now pursuing with the GCC states is to have a shared early warning system that can be set up so that we can share information pertaining to any early warning activities that will alert us and others to preparation for any kind of a missile attack.
• Text: Slocombe on National Missile Defense System, October 13 USIA 13 October 1999 -- Walter B. Slocombe, under secretary of defense for policy, told the House Armed Services Committee October 13 that the threat from foreign ballistic missile programs is growing rapidly, making the United States' National Missile Defense System (NMD) a priority.
• EDITORIAL: MISSILE DEFENSE SUCCESS Voice of America 8 October 1999 -- This capability shows that it would be possible to destroy or neutralize a nuclear, chemical, or biological warhead before it could cause any harm.
• Happy To Do A Turn-Around On Strategic Missile Shield By Cecil Johnson Fort Worth Star-Telegram October 7, 1999 -- This, some of my critics will note, represents a dramatic turnaround for me on this issue. In the past I lambasted the "Star Wars" initiative as unrealistic and misguided. Now, to the chagrin of those of us who said it couldn't be done, verifiable missile interception was achieved. And I say "hallelujah" as I wash the egg off my face.
• Defense Leaders Stand Firm on Anthrax Shot Program American Forces Press Service 07 October 1999 -- These concerns were fueled by controversial reports, many of them sprouting up on small Internet sites, that claim DoD's vaccine is untested and dangerous.
• Background Briefing : Unified Command Plan Thursday, October 7, 1999 -- The functional command piece is where the focus of attention was, with Joint Forces Command and also with SPACECOM. The Joint Task Force Computer Network Defense, which originally resided here with DISA, is going to migrate and shift out to Space Command. And in addition, within the Joint Forces Command, there will be established a Joint Task Force for Civil Support, which will provide support to lead federal agencies which are not DOD, in the event of WMD incident in the United States which requires significant consequence management. DOMS works with the joint staff to Joint Forces Command, to have access to forces to respond to hurricanes and earthquakes. DOMS is the primary avenue still by which other elements of support would be provided to other agencies.
• NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT RELEASED October 6, 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's National Missile Defense (NMD) Joint Program Office announced today the public availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for potential ground-based system element sites in North Dakota and Alaska.
• U.S. Military Wants No Domestic Law-Enforcement Role John J. Hamre, Deputy secretary of Defense, USA Today October 5, 1999 -- A column in USA TODAY last week implied that the Defense Department is seeking an active role in domestic law enforcement. That is absolutely wrong.
• Raytheon's 'hole in one' By David Warsh, Boston Globe 10/05/99 -- ''What they've done is the equivalent of shooting a hole in one,'' said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists, a prominent critic of antimissile systems. ''What they have to be able to do is shoot a hole in one every time. Missile defense must work perfectly if it is going to work at all.''
• National Missile Defense conducts successful intercept test (AFPN) 04 October 1999 -- The successful intercept test Oct.2 was the first of about 20 planned intercept tests to demonstrate NMD system technology, effectiveness and reliability over the next six years.
• Fallout from US antimissile success Jonathan S. Landay The Christian Science Monitor MONDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1999 -- Russia may reverse cuts in its huge nuclear force, and China may decide to enlarge its arsenal. "What the world looks like 10 years from now is hard to say, but it would probably be a world that's got more nuclear weapons than it has now," warns John Pike, an expert with the Federation of American Scientists.
• U.S. Anti-Missile Test Is Latest In String Of Successes By Bradley Graham Washington Post October 4, 1999 -- "What they've done is the equivalent of shooting a hole-in-one," Pike said. "What they have to be able to do is shoot a hole-in-one every time. Missile defense must work perfectly if it's going to work at all. They can't afford to miss."
• Defense Department Report, Monday, October 4, 1999USIA 04 October 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's (BMDO) National Missile Defense (NMD) Joint Program Office announced October 2 that it had successfully completed the first test involving a planned intercept of an intercontinental ballistic missile target.
• Missile test called a success BY JAMES V. GRIMALDI Knight Ridder 04 October 1999 -- "These tests generally miss more often than they hit, and missile defense would have to work perfectly if it was going to work at all," said program critic John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists. "Republicans are going to try to make it a campaign issue, and Democrats are going to try to prevent it from becoming one. The momentum toward deploying it will continue."
• Anti-Missile Test Marks a Measured Step By Bradley Graham Washington Post , October 4, 1999; Page A01 -- One leading skeptic -- John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists -- granted that Saturday's hit, even under the test's carefully controlled and limited conditions, was no small achievement. "What they've done is the equivalent of shooting a hole-in-one," Pike said. "What they have to be able to do is shoot a hole-in-one every time. Missile defense must work perfectly if it's going to work at all. They can't afford to miss."
• COHEN MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 03 October 1999 -- The United States successfully fly-tested a key part of a national missile defense system Saturday. The test comes as U-S intelligence officials warn there is a growing threat that North Korea and other nations could develop ballistic missiles that could reach America. Critics say the system costs too much and won't work.
• Stars Wars Lives (CBS News) October 03,1999 -- "There are two big problems," says John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists. "First, it's gonna miss some of the incoming warheads because there are gonna be a lot of decoy warheads flying along and it won't know what to hit. The other problem is that a lot of countries like China and Russia are gonna build up their nuclear arsenal so they'll be sure of being able to overcome the defense."
• NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE CONDUCTS SUCCESSFUL INTERCEPT TEST October 2, 1999 -- An exoatmospheric kill vehicle (EKV) weighing about 120 pounds, equipped with two infrared sensors, a visible sensor, and a small propulsion system, located and tracked the target.
• Media Availability at United States Joint Forces Command October 01, 1999 -- Under this Joint Task Force, it's very clear it is subordinate to civilian control; that it would be a lead agency, which would either be the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Justice Department, FEMA; that they would call upon the capabilities of the military to help organize responses to deal with the consequence management of a weapon of mass destruction, by way of example.
• National Missile Defense Intercept Test Briefing Friday, October 1, 1999 -- Tomorrow's test when you include the hardware and the 300 engineers and the range costs and all is about $100 million. About four and a half minutes after launch the RV, the target RV is launched off of the stack along with a decoy, a large balloon, to go downrange. It's a radar-reflecting balloon. I think it's two meters in diameter. How much of a difference is there in the thermal signature of the balloon and the RV? It's pretty significant. About two and a half minutes after launch of the surrogate rocket, we launch the kill vehicle. That's about 1400 miles away from the RV at that point. For the next six minutes, it goes on its trajectory, trying to find and locate itself autonomously as well as acquire the RV to hit it. After six minutes of flight -- it starts to acquire that target and then ten seconds prior to impact it selects its aim point and then hits the target. The closing velocity at impact is 15,000 miles per hour. The addition of both of those velocities. We try to intercept it about 140 miles in altitude.
• The Death Ray by Ned Madden , Orange County Weekly October 1-7, 1999 -- John Pike is a space-policy analyst at the Washington, D.C.-based Federation of American Scientists and a frequent critic of missile-defense programs. He says Congress, taking "heed of TRW’s state," has made "a variety of adjustments in Pentagon plans to the company’s benefit." Among these "adjustments" was Congress’ decision "to increase funding for the company’s Alpha chemical laser, which has consumed more than a billion dollars over nearly two decades and produced only a few seconds of laser light."

  September

• NAVY'S FIRST SHIPBOARD TEST LAUNCH YIELDS SUCCESS September 29, 1999 -- USS SHILOH (CG 67) conducted the AEGIS Light Exo-Atmospheric Projectile Intercept (ALI) Control Test Vehicle 1A (CTV-1A) flight test in the mid-Pacific, part of the Navy Theater Wide (NTW) Theater Missile Defense program.
• Get Ready, Here Comes the Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle Peter Maass The New York Times Magazine 26 September 1999 -- Domestic critics, meanwhile, insist National Missile Defense will be no different from Star Wars. "The names have been changed to protect the guilty," says John Pike, a senior analyst with the liberal research group the Federation of American Scientists.
• BMD Update September 24, 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• "A Period of Consequences" Governor George W. Bush - The Citadel - September 23, 1999 -- In 1996, after some tension over Taiwan, a Chinese general reminded America that China possesses the means to incinerate Los Angeles with nuclear missiles. At the earliest possible date, my administration will deploy anti-ballistic missile systems, both theater and national, to guard against attack and blackmail.
• Airborne laser sensitive camera arrives (AFPN) 22 September 1999 -- The world's most sensitive camera was delivered here Sept. 21 to become a critical component of the Airborne Laser, a laser-equipped aircraft capable of destroying missiles hundreds of miles away.
• Prepared Remarks Lt Gen Ronald Kadish -- Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, To the National Defense Industrial Association September 20, 1999 -- I've seen the current and growing consensus in this country about the need for a ballistic missile defense. Those of you who have been associated with the program, know that that has not always been the case.
• BMD Update September 17, 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• DoD News Briefing Thursday, September 16, 1999 -- On March 15th a Patriot 3 seeker characterization flight test actually succeeded in intercepting the target, although that wasn't the goal. So we've had two successes out of one attempt.
• PAC-3 TEST SUCCESFUL September 16, 1999 - The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Army today conducted a successful intercept test of the PATRIOT Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile at the White Sands Missile Range. The PAC-3 missile successfully completed three missions prior to today's flight test.
• Hera target successfully supports PAC-3 developmental test September 16, 1999 - A Hera target system successfully flew at White Sands Missile Range, N.M., in support of the PATRIOT Advanced Capability, or PAC-3, Developmental Test 3 (DT-3) flight test on September 16, 1999.
• AIT-2 rocket set for Kodiak launch, Maj. Richard Williamson, ASTRO NEWS Sept. 10, 1999 -- The Air Force will launch an atmospheric interceptor technology rocket from Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska on a sub-orbital flight along the West Coast of North America.
• UPDATE 10 September 1999 - A weekly compilation of articles
• Lockheed Vows To Change Its Frugal Ways San Francisco Chronicle 09 September 1999 -- Lockheed has spent some $2.12 billion since 1992 trying to get THAAD to intercept incoming missiles high in the atmosphere. `That tarnished Lockheed's reputation,'' said John Pike, a Defense Department analyst with the Federation of American Scientists in Washington, D.C. ``They looked like the gang that couldn't shoot straight.''
• Laboratory completes laser experiment at White Sands (AFPN) 7 Sep 1999 -- Air Force researchers successfully completed a three-month laser experiment at White Sands Missile Range, N.M., recently. The experiment showed how a beam-control system could transmit a laser beam over a long, nearly horizontal path to a moving target.
• UPDATE 03 September 1999 - A weekly compilation of articles
• Anthrax Lawyer Turns To Internet For Support European Stars And Stripes Sept. 2, 1999 — An attorney representing numerous servicemembers whose careers have been threatened by their refusal to take mandatory anthrax vaccinations is turning to the Internet to garner support for congressional changes in the Defense Department program.

  August

• BMD Update 27 August 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• STAR WARS MISSILE TEST DRAWS INTERNATIONAL OPPOSITION The Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space is organizing an international effort on September 13-15 to oppose the revitalized Star Wars plans of the Clinton administration and the U.S. Congress.
• Missile Defense Skeptical Revival By James T. Hackett Washington Times August 26, 1999 -- MIT professors George Lewis and Theodore Postol, are at it again with an article entitled "Why National Missile Defense Won't Work" in the August issue of Scientific American. This time their co-author is John Pike, who runs a public affairs campaign against missile defense for the Federation of American Scientists.
• THAAD Successes Spur Faster Missile Defense Development American Forces Press Service 26 August 1999 -- After scoring two successive hits with a prototype Theater High-Altitude Air Defense System, DoD is poised to speed up development of the anti-missile system.
• Nuclear option: Aid for Russia? By Greg Schneider Baltimore Sun August 27, 1999 -- Congressional office weighs U.S. help with 6 warning satellites; Degraded system dire risk. "Their early warning network is in pretty bad shape," said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists. "My view is, we've got to do something here because it's an accident waiting to happen."
• Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Letter to The Honorable Tom Daschle, Democratic Leader August 24, 1999 CBO learned that Russia has finished constructing seven additional early-warning satellites, but it is unable or unwilling to devote the resources necessary to launch them. This letter examines the policy implications and cost of having the United States pay to launch six of those satellites--enough to give Russia 24-hour coverage of U.S. missile fields.
• USASMDC flies payload on MMIII flight test 20 Aug 99 - A specialized set of National Missile Defense (NMD) target payloads designated as Radar Credible Target-1 (RCT-1) was successfully launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, as an Associated Operation on the Minuteman III Operational Test (OT) Mission GT-170GM.
• BMD Update 20 August 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Pentagon Gives THAAD a Boost - $15.4 Billion Weapon to Forgo More Prototype Testing By Bradley Graham Washington Post Friday, August 20, 1999; Page A02 -- "The tests done so far haven't said much about how the system would perform in combat, so doing one more wouldn't have made much difference," said John Pike, a defense analyst with the Federation of American Scientists. "I may be prepared to cut the Pentagon more slack on this one because I have such low expectations about what they'll be able to eventually deliver."
• THAAD PROGRAM ADVANCES TO EMD PHASE August 19, 1999 -- The Army recently conducted two successful intercept tests by the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system. The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) has authorized the Army to move into the next phase of the THAAD program, the Engineering Manufacturing and Development (EMD) phase. This will result in the cancellation of THAAD flight test 12.
• DoD News Briefing Major General Peter Franklin, USA Deputy Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization Thursday, August 19, 1999 -- We had hardware issues with the missiles up until Flight Test 10. When those hardware issues were solved, Flight Test 10 and Flight test 11 performed nominally. We have directed the Army to cancel the remaining project definition risk reduction flights or PDRR flights, and prepare for engineering, manufacturing and development.
• DoD News Briefing August 17, 1999 -- We are in the process of deploying significant assets to the Pacific to monitor a test should one occur by the North Koreans. General Shelton felt that the collection assets we either have or will have on scene are perfectly adequate to meet our needs. And THAAD had not been integrated into the collection plan. So he felt that the assets we will have on the scene are perfectly adequate to meet the needs.
• DoD Examines Joint Task Force Concept for Civil Support American Forces Press Service 17 August 1999 -- The Defense Department is looking at changing the way it provides support to local and state agencies during terrorist incidents and natural disasters.
• BMD Update 13 August 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• PAC-3 INTERCEPT TEST TO BE CONDUCTED AT WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Army plan to conduct an intercept test flight of a Patriot Advance Capability (PAC-3) Missile at White Sands Missile Range, N.M., Thursday, Aug. 19 at 6:45 a.m. Mountain Daylight Time.
• Major assembly begins for first 747-400F airborne laser (AFPN) 11 Aug 1999 -- Air Force and industry officials helped a Boeing-led industry team kick off the start of major assembly for the first Airborne Laser flying platform -- a 747-400 freighter -- at the Boeing assembly plant here.
• Airborne laser receives largest optical-quality domed window ever made (AFPN) 9 Aug 1999 -- Airborne laser officials here announced Aug. 9 that they have accepted delivery of the largest optical-quality domed window ever manufactured.
• U.S. Navy proves Kinetic Warhead's capability for Theater Wide Missile Defense NAVSEA Wire Service 99-23 (August 9, 1999) U.S. Navy successfully tested a surrogate Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) Kinetic Warhead for its theater wide missile defense system. The test was the last in a series of four developmental sled tests conducted at the High Speed Test Track at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico.
• BMD Update 06 August 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• ANTHRAX VACCINE MONEY - Voice of America 05 August 1999 -- Pentagon officials say they have agreed to a huge price increase for the vaccine that is supposed to protect millions of U-S service personnel against threatened germ warfare attacks. The economic problems follow the refusal of hundreds of service members to get inoculations against deadly anthrax.
• DOD RESTRUCTURES ANTHRAX VACCINE PRODUCTION CONTRACT August 5, 1999 -- The Department of Defense announced today that it has restructured its contract with BioPort Corp., manufacturer of the anthrax vaccine, to provide a higher per-dose contract price and advance payments to the company.
• Background Briefing Subject: Anthrax Vaccine Contract Briefing Thursday, August 5, 1999 -- The main topic today is the renegotiation of a contract with Bioport, the company that makes the anthrax vaccine, and this is all on background attributable to either senior Army or defense officials. Anthrax, if you want to use a biological weapon of mass destruction, is the weapon of choice. It's sturdy. It's easy to find. It's easy to grow in massive quantities. There were three major key elements that we renegotiated. One was an increase in price from $4.36 to $10.64. The total value of this contract now, from the beginning of September of '98 to December of 2005 is $49.8 million.
• Lockheed Martin-led THAAD team achieves second target missile intercept Lockheed Martin Aug. 2, 1999 - For the second time in less than two months, the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) weapon system, managed by Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, intercepted a target missile over White Sands Missile Range, NM.
• Experimental anti-missile system scores a hit Cable News Network August 2, 1999 -- "It's a lot easier to hit one of our own targets on a test range than it is for them to actually intercept nuclear- tipped missiles in a combat environment," said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists
• THAAD INTERCEPT TEST SUCCESSFUL August 2, 1999 -- The 11th flight test for the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) defense missile system was a success today when it intercepted the Hera target missile
• Guardsmen Training to Aid Civil Leaders in WMD Crises American Forces Press Service 02 August 1999 -- About 220 National Guardsmen from across the nation are training here through mid-August to help civilian authorities rapidly react to potential terrorist incidents involving weapons of mass destruction.
• U.S., Russia To Develop A Joint Missile Defense By Jonathan Weisman, Baltimore Sun August 1, 1999 -- In the wake of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, suspicions are rife within Russia that the Americans would join such an alliance only to undermine Russia's national security. "It's much easier for an American to describe such a thing than a Russian to understand why he would be interested in doing something like this," Pike said.

  July

• Missile Program Criticized Despite 1st Successful Test By PAUL RICHTER Los Angeles Times 29 July 1999 -- John Pike, a defense analyst at the Federation of American Scientists, said quality standards are especially important in an anti-missile program, since one missed missile could cause huge numbers of casualties.
• Reality test for 'star wars' defense James N. Thurman The Christian Science Monitor 28 July 1999 -- . Engineers have been at a loss to consistently hit incoming missiles. "You aren't going to fly on an airplane that's crashed every time but once," says John Pike, head of space policy for the Federation of American Scientists.
• Preparing For A Grave New World William S. Cohen The Washington Post 26 July 1999 -- Oursupremacy in the conventional arena is prompting adversaries to seek unconventional, asymmetric means to strike our Achilles' heel. A special Task Force for Civil Support is being created to ensure that we have the military assets necessary to help respond domestically.
• National Missile Defense (NMD) System U.S. Department of State Press Statement July 23, 1999 -- Secretary of State Madeleine Albright strongly believes and has stated that any NMD (National Missile Defense) system that the United States may decide to deploy needs to provide protection for every part of all 50 states, including Alaska and Hawaii.
• BMD Update 23 July 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• DoD News Briefing Thursday, July 22, 1999 -- Obviously, the House Appropriations Committee believes that the language terminated the MEADS program. We read the language of the authorization bill as giving us the authority to support--to use their language--"alternative, programmatic and technical approaches to meeting the requirement for mobile theater missile defense."
• Missile collision will test defense Mary Boyle - The Gazette ( Colorado Springs, Colo. ) July 19, 1999 "Every test in a program of this kind is a big deal," said John Pike, a space analyst for the Federation of American Scientists and a missile defense critic. "It'll be closely watched."
• Commission Urges New Effort to Curb Weapons of Mass Destruction USIA 14 July 1999 -- Declaring that the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) poses "a chilling challenge for the American people," former Central Intelligence Agency Director John Deutch has delivered a bipartisan commission's report to Congress proposing ways to strengthen the U.S. government's efforts to fight the threat.
• Cohen, Shelton Rap Times' Editorial on Anthrax Shots By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 14 July 1999 -- Halting mandatory anthrax shots would represent a "significant disservice" to men and women in uniform, Defense Secretary William Cohen and Gen. Henry Shelton said in a written rebuttal to the Army Times Publishing Co.
• Confusion Causes Anthrax Flap By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service 02 July 1999 -- A misreading of a routine contracting procedure caused a spate of news stories June 29 that questioned whether DoD's anthrax vaccine is safe. Army and DoD officials issued statements clarifying the contract provision and reassuring service members and their families that the vaccine is safe.
• U.S. Navy tests TBMD interoperability at sea NAVSEA Wire Service 99-21 (July 2, 1999) Two-ballistic missile targets were successfully launched and tracked. The ships demonstrated the capability to pass target cueing and tracking information to each other, as well as other joint Theater Missile Defense (TMD) systems.
• TACTICAL HIGH ENERGY LASER ACTD ACHEIVES "FIRST LIGHT" July 1, 1999 -- On June 26, 1999 the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) laser subsystem achieved "first light" at the TRW Capistrano Test Facility in California. "First light" is the first successful test of a laser. The test demonstrated the end-to-end capability of the laser subsystem and demonstrated the laser optical control of extracting a high-energy laser beam.

  June

• U.S. revives effort to create missile defense system BY JACK KELLY Toledo Blade June 30, 1999 -- Clinton's is a recent conversion. North Korea helped change his mind - and those of some skeptics in Congress. Allegations that China stole U.S. nuclear secrets built momentum. "This dog won't hunt," says John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists. "Fifteen intercept tests [in space] have been attempted since 1982. Thirteen have failed."
• CONGRESS / MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 29 June 1999 -- THE U-S CONGRESS HAS FINALLY SENT PRESIDENT CLINTON A COPY OF THE MISSILE DEFENSE BILL FOR HIS SIGNATURE. THE LEGISLATION, PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND SENATE MONTHS AGO, CLEARED CAPITOL HILL EASILY.
• DoD News Briefing Tuesday, June 29, 1999 - The fact of the matter is that everything we know about this vaccine makes it, shows us that it's incredibly safe. There was extensive testing before the vaccination process began. Secretary Cohen ordered that a number of tests be met. Those tests were met. Since we began vaccinating members of the armed services against exposure to anthrax, almost 900,000 shots have been given. The adverse reaction rate is a minuscule .009 percent.
• BMD UPDATE 25 June 1999 -- Article Citations Gathered From Published Journals and Newsletters
• U.S. Navy proves Kinetic Warhead's capability for Theater Wide Missile Defense NAVSEA Public Affairs 24 June 1999 -- The U.S. Navy successfully tested a surrogate STANDARD Missile-3 (SM-3) Kinetic Warhead (KW) for its theater wide missile defense system.
• Anthrax Vaccine Safe, Effective, Health Chief Says By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service 24 June 1999 -- With almost a million shots given, the anthrax immunization is proving to be one of the safest vaccination program on record, said Dr. Sue Bailey, assistant secretary of defense for health affairs.
• BMD Update 18 June 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Missile system faces big test Deb Price Detroit News Tuesday, June 15, 1999 -- "Nothing is ever a done deal, but this is getting closer to being a done deal," says John Pike, a defense analyst who opposes the system at the Federation of American Scientists. "It has a lot to do with political posturing and not much to do with national security planning," says Pike, referring to the upcoming White House election.
• Air defense system hits target (Army News Service, June 14, 1999) -- The THAAD system made a successful intercept of a HERA target in a June 10 flight test at White Sands Missile Range, N.M.
• Lockheed Martin Corporation elated by Marco Morales The Eagle Special Edition, June 1999 -- Infra-red imagery from the THAAD seeker shows THAAD closing with the HERA target during the successful June 10 flight test. The imagery shows THAAD zeroing in on a specific spot on the Hera target, a feat of incredible accuracy due to the high closing speed involved.
• Behind every success there is a history by Sharon Watkins-Lang The Eagle Special Edition, June 1999 -- THAAD program chronology
• Government Report Says 3 Nations Hide Stocks of Smallpox By WILLIAM J. BROAD AND JUDITH MILLER The New York Times 13 June 1999 -- A secret federal intelligence assessment completed earlier this year concludes that Iraq, North Korea and Russia are probably concealing the deadly smallpox virus for military use. The assessment is based on evidence that includes disclosures by a senior Soviet defector, blood samples from North Korean soldiers that show smallpox vaccinations, although some experts said such immunity could come from routine vaccinations years earlier, and the fairly recent manufacture of smallpox vaccine by Iraq. The American military stopped routinely vaccinating troops against smallpox in the late 1980's.
• BMD Update 11 June 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Moneyline News Hour with Lou Dobbs CNN 10 June 1999 -- John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists: "It's a lot easier to hit one of our own targets on a test range than it is for them to actually intercept nuclear-tipped missiles in a combat environment."
• Missile shot out of sky in successful test of defense system CNN 10 June 1999 -- "It's a lot easier to hit one of our own targets on a test range than it is for them to actually intercept nuclear-tipped missiles in a combat environment," said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists.
• DoD News Briefing SUBJECT: THAAD Flight (Intercept) 10 June 1999 -- I'm very happy to announce that the Theater High Altitude Area Defense System, which we call THAAD, flight test number 10, was conducted successfully this morning at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The primary objective of the test was a body-to-body intercept of a theater ballistic missile target in high endoatmospheric regime, roughly between 60 to 100 kilometers. This objective was achieved. Why the spiral? That's the Energy Management System, the THAAD Energy Management System that is employed, based on where they expect the target, at what altitude they expect to intercept the target. Distance between target and launcher: approximately 170 kilometers. The target is launched. It reaches an apogee of roughly 314 kilometers, about 5 and a half minutes into flight. Three more flight tests using these prototype missiles are currently scheduled. The next test, fight test 11, is going to be ready in July. It will be a separating warhead, exoatmospheric above 100 kilometers. The flight test number 12 will be in the mid-endoatmospheric regime, basically in the 50- to 60-kilometer regime, and it will be a unitary warhead. We're looking at the September time period, September-October time period, for that test. We only have three missiles left, for 11, 12 and 13. That's the remaining hardware that we have available that has been integrated. We have spare parts that would allow us to do two additional tests if we had to. The THAAD program is scheduled to enter engineering and manufacture and development, or what we call EMD, when a total of three successful intercepts are achieved. We have designed a program that is being baselined to have the first unit equipped in 2007. Navy Theater-Wide, we are looking at an intercept which we call flight test 3, in the mid-2000 time period.
• Hera target used in successful intercept 10 June 1999 -- The Hera target system, developed by the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), flew at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), N.M., on June 10, as the target for the successful intercept test of the Theater High Altitude Area Defense, or THAAD, missile.
• Airborne laser participates in Roving Sands exercise 10 Jun 1999 (AFPN) -- The airborne laser is participating in "Roving Sands '99," the world's largest joint tactical air operations exercise, starting June 15.
• THAAD Missile Test Flight Scheduled For Today Postponed PRESS ADVISORY No. 158-P June 8, 1999 -- The tenth flight test for the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system scheduled for today at the White Sands Missile Range, N.M., has been postponed. A loss of commercial power to the THAAD equipment last night caused the delay.
• Rescheduled THAAD Test Set For Tuesday, June 8, 1999 No. 089-M MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS June 7, 1999
• Conference Targets Major Military Enemy: Biology By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 02 June 1999 -- Few American military physicians have seen one of medicine's -- and the military's -- most treacherous enemies: anthrax. To learn about the deadly biological agent, they rely, instead, on textbooks and reports from foreign countries that have experienced anthrax attacks.
• Tactical High Energy Laser program is alive and well 01 June 1999 - The Tactical High Energy Laser, or THEL, program, a joint program between the United States and Israel, had run into difficulties because of contract schedule delays and cost overruns. On May 27, TRW and the Army reached an agreement, in principle, to continue the contract by modifying it. Under the contract modification, the Government and TRW will share 50/50 in contract costs exceeding $130.8 million until TRW has successfully shot down a Katyusha rocket with a THEL.
• Low Cost Cruise Missile Defense (LCCMD) Program Slides (1169KB) Script (12KB)
  LTC Ed Gjermundsen DARPATech 99, June 1999

  May

• BMD Update 28 May 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Pentagon keeps faith in troubled missile-defense system CNN May 26, 1999 - The military calls it "hit to kill" technology, hitting a bullet with a bullet. Critics, however, believe the concept is flawed. "It's certainly not going to be able to intercept all of them all of the time," said John Pike, director of space policy for the Federation of American Scientists in Washington. "If we're talking about incoming nuclear missiles, that imperfect defense is going to simply be a false sense of security," he told CNN.
• Target missile problem thwarts missile test The Associated Press May 26, 1999 -- "It's not a reliable weapon given the number of failures they've had so far; it's not going to be a reliable weapon anytime soon," said John Pike, director of space policy for the Federation of American Scientists in Washington, D.C.
• THAAD'S 10TH Test Flight Scheduled for Tuesday, May 25 The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the U.S. Army plan to intercept a target ballistic missile in a flight test scheduled for Tuesday, May 25,1999, at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), N.M. This will be the 10th test in a series of 13 flight tests currently planned in the Program Definition and Risk Reduction phase of the development of the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system. If the test goes as planned, the THAAD interceptor upper stage kill vehicle will hit and destroy the target.
• MISSILE DEFENSE TEST FAILURE Voice of America 25 May 1999 -- THE TROUBLED U-S MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM SUFFERED ANOTHER DELAY (TUESDAY) WHEN A TARGET MISSILE WENT ASTRAY, FORCING CANCELLATION OF A KEY TEST OF THE ARMY'S ANTI MISSILE SYSTEM. THE MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR PROGRAM HAS SEEN A STRING OF COSTLY AND EMBARRASSING FAILURES.
• THAAD TENTH FLIGHT TEST LAUNCH ABORTED May 25, 1999 -- The scheduled Theater High Altitude Area Defense, or THAAD, flight test at the White Sands Missile Range, N.M., was aborted at 7:14 a.m. (EDT) when the Hera target missile malfunctioned.
• DoD News Briefing Tuesday, May 25, 1999 -- The target, a Hera rocket, was supposed to at a certain point in its flight path, turn down. Instead, it began to tumble chaotically out of control.
• U-S MISSILE TEST Voice of America - 24 May 1999 - DEFENSE ANALYST JOHN PIKE, OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS SAYS THE TECHNOLOGY IS NOT YET UP TO THE TASK.
• New Anti-Missile System to Be Tested This Week By WILLIAM J. BROAD The New York Times May 24, 1999 -- "It's amazing," said John Pike, head of space policy for the Federation of American Scientists, a private group in Washington skeptical of missile defenses. "If you talk about clean, unambiguous, hit-a-bullet-with-a-bullet kinds of tests, they still haven't done it."
• W-H-O / SMALLPOX Voice of America 24 May 1999 -- THE 191-NATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION -- NEARING THE END OF ITS ANNUAL POLICY-MAKING ASSEMBLY -- HAS DECIDED TO RETAIN STOCKS OF THE DEADLY SMALLPOX VIRUS.
• BMD Update 21 May 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Greece MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS May 18, 1999 -- The Department of Defense announced today that the Government of Greece has requested a possible sale of PATRIOT Missile System support equipment.
• W-H-O SMALLPOX Voice of America 18 May 1999 -- THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION SAYS THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY REMAINS DEEPLY DIVIDED OVER A PROPOSAL TO DESTROY THE REMAINING STOCKS OF THE SMALLPOX VIRUS, WHICH ARE CURRENTLY LOCKED UP IN HIGH SECURITY LABORATORIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA. THE 191 MEMBER WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY MEETING IN GENEVA IS EXPECTED TO VOTE ON THE ISSUE IN THE COMING DAYS.
• BMD Update 14 May 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• PAC-3 Intercept Test Scheduled for Summer MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS 069-M May 13, 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Army will conduct in mid-summer an intercept flight test of a Patriot Advance Capability (PAC-3) missile at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), N.M. A launch had been scheduled for this week but was delayed because of the potential threat of forest fires due to extreme drought conditions in the target debris zone.
• BMD Update 07 May 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• REPORT ON THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE ARCHITECTURE OPTIONS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION - May 4, 1999 -- The Secretary of Defense has submitted to Congress his report on Theater Missile Defense Architecture Options for the Asia-Pacific Region. This report quantifies the architecture force structure needed to provide coverage against specific theater ballistic missile threats to most of the territories for Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

  April

• New unit controls air defense artillery assets in Southwest Asia by Spc. Michael Scott (Army News Service, April 30, 1998) -- 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command commands both Fort Bliss-stationed Patriot units (TF 1-1 ADA and TF 3-43 ADA) that are currently deployed to Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
• BMD Update 30 April 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• TEXT: CLINTON SEEKS DELAY IN DESTRUCTION OF SMALLPOX VIRUS USIA 29 April 1999-- President Clinton has called for delaying destruction of the world's remaining stocks of the deadly smallpox virus so that virus samples can be used for scientific research.
• BMD Update 23 April 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Airman convicted in anthrax court-martial 23 Apr 1999 (AFPN) -- An airman first class from the 55th Transportation Squadron was convicted in a summary court-martial April 21 of failing to obey an order by refusing to take the anthrax vaccination. The case was the Air Force's first anthrax vaccination refusal to reach court-martial.
• Airborne laser's primary optical mirror delivered 19 Apr 1999 (AFPN) -- A major milestone was reached recently for the Air Force's airborne laser program when its primary optical mirror was delivered to Contraves Brashear Systems, L.P., in Pittsburgh. The ABL is the service's high-priority program to build a laser-carrying aircraft capable of destroying Scud-like missiles shortly after being launched.
• BMD Update 16 April 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Announce Test Date For National Missile Defense MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS April 14, 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's National Missile Defense (NMD) Joint Program Office is scheduled to conduct the first test involving an intercept of a ballistic missile target this summer. Program officials are currently working towards a flight test in mid-to-late August.
• Air defense artillery soldiers stabilizing Southwest Asia by Spc. Michael Scott (Army News Service, April 13, 1998) - More than 900 soldiers assigned or attached to air defense units are currently deployed in Southwest Asia , part of task forces 1-1 ADA and 3-43 ADA, the 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command and the 3rd Infantry Division's short-range Air Defense unit, are deployed to the Middle Eastern nations of Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
• BMD Update 09 April 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ESTABLISHES A WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ADVISORY PANEL April 5, 1999 -- Secretary of Defense Williams S. Cohen has announced today the formation of an advisory panel, headed by Virginia Governor James Gilmore, to assess domestic response capabilities for terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
• BMD Update 02 April 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• FACING AN ILL WIND Tim Beardsley Scientific American April 1999 -- The U.S. gears up to deal with biological terrorism. The specter of mass civilian casualties resulting from an attack with biological weapons has long been a worst-case scenario mulled over by defense planners. But in recent years the threat has moved to the front of the U.S. policy agenda, driven by a series of unwelcome revelations.

  March

• Missile defense system test fails sixth direct-hit attempt in a row Miami Herald 30 March 1999-- A weapon designed to knock enemy missiles out of the sky failed its sixth direct-hit attempt Monday. ``The fact is, even the smallest malfunction means you missed the target. It says something about how difficult this is to do. Everything has to work exactly right, or it doesn't work at all''said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists.
• System Built to Ward Off Missile Attack Fails a Test New York Times On Line 30 March 1999--An experimental missile defense system failed its most basic test Monday for the sixth time, failing to hit a missile launched at a New Mexico test site. "I think they'll eventually hit something," said John Pike, a defense analyst at the Federation of American Scientists, "but the odds are pretty slim that they are going to be able to consistently and reliably hit every missile and that's what is required when you're defending against a nuclear armed missile."
• Surgeon general tells Congress anthrax vaccine will save lives by Master Sgt. Linda Brandon Air Force Print News 31 Mar 1999 -- A "life or death" message was delivered to Congress by the Air Force Surgeon General regarding recent controversy surrounding the Department of Defense's mandatory anthrax vaccine immunization program.
• Commentary: Fear anthrax, not the vaccine by Lt. Gen. Charles H. Roadman II, Air Force Surgeon General AFPN) 31 Mar 1999-- When it comes to anthrax, there is one clear and simple truth: if you are not vaccinated and you inhale anthrax, you will almost certainly die. Period.
• DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MODIFIES ANTHRAX VACCINATION PROGRAM March 31, 1999 -- The Department of Defense announced today an extension of its anthrax vaccination program that extends the program to include personnel serving on temporary duty in high threat areas in Southwest Asia and the Korean peninsula.
• DoD Modifies Program for Anthrax Shots By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service 31 March 1999 -- Service members, DoD emergency essential civilian employees and contractors must now receive anthrax vaccinations if they'll spend any time in one of 10 high-threat areas, the Pentagon announced March 31. Previously, only DoD personnel who were deploying for more than 30 days to a high-threat area had to start the six-shot vaccine series.
• Narrow Miss for THAAD By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 30 March 1999 -- This time the interceptor came close -- possibly within 30 meters of its target Hera missile. But for the sixth time, the THAAD failed to hit its target.
• THAAD comes close to intercept by Sgt. 1st Class Connie E. Dickey (Army News Service, March 30, 1999) -- The Theater High Altitude Area Defense system came close to a "hit-to-kill" intercept in its latest test March 29, according to senior Pentagon officials. The THAAD, however, broke apart about 10 to 30 meters from its target during the system's 5 a.m. test at White Sands Missile Range, N.M.
• THAAD TEST FLIGHT DOES NOT ACHIEVE INTERCEPT TARGET March 29, 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the U.S. Army announced today that a Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) interceptor did not achieve intercept of a Hera missile target in a flight test at the White Sands Missile Range, N.M. The flight did, however, provide additional data that will be usable in future development of theater missile defense systems.
• Seeking a silver bullet BY JOSEPH L. GALLOWAY U.S. News 3/29/99 -- John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists, a leading missile-defense expert and critic, said, "They haven't been able to get these things to work. One big problem they face is that the critical technology–using heat-seeking sensors to intercept missiles–has a terrible track record. There have been 15 hit-to-kill tests since the 1980s. In only two did the test interceptors hit something."
• SUBJECT: THAAD TEST FLIGHT DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PRESS BRIEFING MONDAY, MARCH 29, 1999 -- We did not achieve our primary objective of having a body-to-body intercept of the THAAD interceptor with the specific HERA target. The booster and kill vehicle had a nominal separation. We got nominal separation of the shroud around the kill vehicle. We had good command data of the in-flight target updates from the radar Battle Management Command and Control to the missile. They were providing target information and target map information to the missile. Unfortunately, about one minute into flight, we lost the telemetry and because of loss of that telemetry, we are not able, to date, at this particular moment, to characterize and specifically determine the cause of why we managed to miss the particular intercept. However, from the radar data and from airborne sensors which are on-scene at White Sands Missile Range, we think we came between 10 and 30 meters from having an actual intercept.
• BMD Update 26 March 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• THE MOVE TOWARD MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 26 March 1999 -- THIS MONTH, THE U.S. CONGRESS VOTED TO DEPLOY A MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM AS SOON AS IT IS TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE TO DO SO. THE VOTE CAME SIXTEEN YEARS AFTER PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN FIRST ANNOUNCED THE STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE, OR S-D-I.
• Army Patriot Crews Protect Gulf By Linda D. Kozaryn American Forces Press Service 25 March 1999 - U.S. Army Patriot missile crews protect U.S. and coalition air bases and facilities in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other sites in the Persian Gulf. Often within 100 miles of Iraq, they scan the skies watching for possible Scud missiles and other forms of air attack.
• THAAD'S NINTH FLIGHT TEST MEMORANDUM FOR CORRESPONDENTS 25 March 25 1999 -- The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the U.S. Army plan to intercept a target ballistic missile in a flight test scheduled for March 29, 1999, at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), N.M. This will be the ninth test in a series of 13 flight tests currently planned in the Program Definition and Risk Reduction phase of the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system.
• Tests of new Patriot missile successful by Sgt. David E. Gillespie (Army News Service, March 22, 1999) -- The militarys newest Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile successfully intercepted and destroyed an incoming tactical ballistic missile in a test high over New Mexico March 15.
• Tests of new Patriot missile successful Army News Service 22 March 1999 -- The militarys newest Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile successfully intercepted and destroyed an incoming tactical ballistic missile in a test high over New Mexico March 15.
• Deployment of U.S. Missile Shield Looks Ever Likelier By PAUL RICHTER Los Angeles Times 21 March 1999 -- "They can't get it to work, but the political momentum is probably irresistible," said John Pike, a space specialist with the Federation of American Scientists and a longtime critic of the program.
• Team convenes to review anthrax program AFPN 19 March 1999 -- Trying to balance force protection with concerns from some people about the safety of vaccinations, the Air Force is forming a team to look at all aspects of its anthrax program.
• BMD Update 19 March 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• House Passes Missile-Defense Bill Boston Globe Online 19 March 1999 -- But it could be anywhere from three to 10 years before a complete umbrella shield is in place over all 50 states, according to defense analyst John Pike, who said the New Mexico test was an unremarkable development, considering the vast amounts of technology the Army still lacks.
• CONGRESS-MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 18 March 1999 -- THE U-S HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HAS JOINED THE SENATE IN ENDORSING DEPLOYMENT OF A MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM (BY A VOTE OF 317 TO 105). MANY DEMOCRATS STOOD WITH REPUBLICANS IN A SHOW OF SUPPORT FOR THE LEGISLATION.
• SENATE-MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 17 March 1999 -- A CALL FOR A NATIONAL MISSILE-DEFENSE SYSTEM HAS EASILY CLEARED THE U-S SENATE (BY A VOTE OF 97-TO-THREE), WITH SUPPORTERS SAYING THE PLAN SHOULD NOT HURT RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA.
• TOWARD A MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 17 March 1999 -- PRESIDENT CLINTON AND THE U-S CONGRESS HAVE AGREED ON LEGISLATION TO ESTABLISH A DEFENSE AGAINST BALLISTIC MISSILES AS SOON AS TECHNOLOGICALLY POSSIBLE.
• PRESS BRIEFING BY DEPUTY NATIONAL SECRETARY ADVISOR JIM STEINBERG 17 March 1999 -- We did not drop our objections to a missile defense plan. We're very pleased that the Senate adopted an approach which is fully consistent with the approach that we have advocated. We've always said that we're prepared to support missile defense if it dealt with four particular areas of -- or criteria -- the threat, the feasibility, the cost, and arms control considerations.
• TEXT: CLINTON STATEMENT ON SENATE MISSILE DEFENSE BILL USIA 17 March 1999 -- President Clinton, in a statement late March 17, said he was pleased that "the Senate, on a bipartisan basis, included in its national missile defense (NMD) legislation two amendments that significantly change the original bill, which I strongly opposed.
• FAS: PAC-3 Test Says Nothing About National Missile Defense U.S. Newswire 16 March 1999 -- Monday's successful intercept of a target by the short-range Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) interceptor says nothing about the technical feasibility of the National Missile Defense (NMD) program, since the two programs use entirely different technologies, according to Federation of American Scientists' Director of Space Policy Project John Pike.
• SMALLPOX VIRUS Voice of America 16 March 1999 -- LIVE VIRUS IS ESSENTIAL AS A BASIS FOR DEVELOPING DRUGS TO COMBAT A FUTURE OUTBREAK, WHICH COULD OCCUR, FOR EXAMPLE, IN AN ATTACK BY TERRORISTS CONDUCTING BIOLOGICAL WARFARE.
• SENATE-MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 15 March 1999 -- THE U-S SENATE HAS TAKEN UP A LONG-RUNNING CONTROVERSY OVER MISSILE DEFENSE - THIS TIME WITH THE ARGUMENTS FUELED BY CHINA'S ALLEGED THEFT OF NUCLEAR BOMB SECRETS.
• Cohen Offers to Share Intel with Gulf Leaders American Forces Press Service 15 March 1999 -- Defense Secretary William S. Cohen met with senior leaders in six Gulf states in early March and offered to share early warning information about missile launches in Iran or Iraq.
• GOP to push Clinton for missile defense San Jose Mercury News 14 March 1999 -- ``About the only thing we've been able to demonstrate over the last 15 years is that this program has an absolutely unique capacity for burning up large amounts of money, without anything ever coming out the other end,'' said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists.
• 25 Years of Anthrax Shots: First-hand Accounts of Vaccine Safety American Forces Press Service 12 March 1999 -- After being infected, they become increasingly lethargic. Their eyes get runny. It's difficult to [draw blood from them] because they get very dehydrated. And then, in about seven days, it's almost like a rabid effect. They convulse, and then that's it. They're gone really quick. It's nasty.
• SEA-BASED MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 11 March 1999 -- JOHN PIKE, A DEFENSE ANALYST AT THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS, SAYS IT IS EXCEEDINGLY DIFFICULT TO HIT A BULLET WITH A BULLET AND HAS NOT REALLY BEEN DONE TO DATE.
• Duty-Bound to Order Anthrax Shots, Cohen Says American Forces Press Service 10 March 1999 -- Defense Secretary William S. Cohen said he would be "derelict" in his duties if he failed to protect U.S. service members from anthrax and other biological weapons. Despite news accounts and the proliferation of Internet misinformation about the vaccine, about 180,000 people have been vaccinated uneventfully, Cohen said. "So far, roughly 80 people have refused to take the shots. That's a pretty good record," he said.
• Defending Against Invisible Killers -- Biological Agents American Forces Press Service 10 March 1999 - The military has geared up defenses against these invisible killers since the threat of biological weapons became a reality during Operation Desert Storm. Since then, the military has fielded new protection equipment and detection systems, and more counter measures are in the works.
• Anthrax veteran says vaccine 'no big deal' AFPN 10 March 1999 -- When Staff Sgt. Mark A. Hughes, Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron-13's substance abuse counselor, told his mother recently that he was to get the anthrax vaccination, she reminded him that he had already received the shot as a boy. As far as Hughes is concerned, the reservations some service members have about the shot are unfounded.
• COHEN / MIDEAST Voice of America 08 March 1999 -- THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IS PREPARED TO SHARE ITS MONITORING OF IRAQI AND IRANIAN MISSILES TESTS WITH NATIONS IN THE GULF REGION.
• BMD Update 05 March 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters

  February

• BMD Update 26 February 1999 -- Article Citations From Published Journals And Newsletters
• Setting the Record Straight on S. 257: The National Missile Defense Act of 1999 United States Senate Republican Policy Committee 25 February 1999 -- S. 257, the National Missile Defense Act of 1999, would make it U.S. policy to deploy as soon as technologically possible an effective National Missile Defense system. Yet critics have done their best to misinterpret and misrepresent this bill. Since the Senate will likely debate S. 257 soon, it is imperative that the record be set straight.
• Straight Talk on Anthrax from Top Doc American Forces Press Service 25 February 1999 - A video interview of Dr. Sue Bailey, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, has been added to the DoD anthrax information site on the World Wide Web.
• Knowledge Key to Combating Chemical, Biological Warfare American Forces Press Service 23 February 1999 - Units now train more frequently with chemical and biological defense equipment that, in the past, was locked away and issued only occasionally. Today, service members do their jobs while wearing protective equipment. Chemical-biological defense has been more fully integrated into training programs.
• hard.copy Update 19 February 1999 - ARTICLE CITATIONS GATHERED FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• Laser Will Knock Down Enemy Missiles Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service February 19, 1999 -- It sounds like a Tom Clancy novel. American troops are in battle against some evil foreign power. The enemy is losing, and in an effort to redress the balance, launches a missile packed with chemical agent. But this is not the stuff of fiction. It is becoming reality and defense officials expect to test the Airborne Laser system against a live missile Sept. 5, 2003.
• Support grows for anti-missile net Monday, February 15, 1999 By Pete Pichaske Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News February 15, 1999 -- "I'm predisposed to defense systems that work and, based on the test record to date, anti-missile defense systems have a hard time hitting anything," said John Pike, a defense analyst for the Federation of American Scientists.
• Lockheed Martin Vought Systems and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG establish joint venture company for PAC-3 Missiles Lockheed Martin Vought Systems 11 February 1999--Lockheed Martin Vought Systems and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG establish joint venture company for PAC-3 Missiles
• Anthrax Vaccine Safe, Effective, Top Doctor Says Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 09 Feb 1999 -- The Defense Department's top doctor categorically denied reports that contaminated anthrax vaccine has been shipped to military units.
• SPACE BASED LASER INTEGRATED FLIGHT EXPERIMENT The U.S. Air Force contracted with an industry joint venture on February 08, 1999 for the Space Based Laser Integrated Flight Experiment (SBL IFX). The award constitutes the first increment of a Cost Plus Award Fee/Cost Plus Fixed Fee contract valued at approximately $2-3 billion once completed.
• CONTRACTS - AIR FORCE February 9, 1999 -- Team SBL IFX Joint Venture, Canoga Park, Calif., was awarded on Feb. 8, 1999, a $125,000,000 cost-plus-award-fee contract to provide for the first increment (February 1999-February 2000) of the Space Based Laser Program's Integrated Flight Experiment project.
• Boeing loses defense contract SEATTLE (AP - 6 February 1999) -- The Air Force has terminated contracts with The Boeing Co. and Cleveland-based TRW Inc. for two demonstration projects worth more than $800 million involving the National Missile Defense system. "This is rocket science. It's not easy," said John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists. "Clearly the two companies bit off more than they could chew."
• Boeing loses big missile defense contract JAMES WALLACE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER February 6, 1999 -- John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists said the Space Based Infrared System, or SBIRS, is an "extraordinary critical element" of the planned missile shield. "It means that I can have that one site in North Dakota and it (the interceptor) could get down to Miami or up to Bill Gates' home in Seattle or anywhere in between in time to shoot down an incoming missile. Without the satellites, I'm stuck with ground-based radar in North Dakota. I would have time to defend the wheat fields, but not much else."
• Team ABL validates advanced processing architecture Feb. 5, 1999 -- Team Airborne Laser -- the Air Force, Boeing, Lockheed Martin and TRW ñ today announced that tests of high-speed commercial computer processors demonstrated the performance needed to manage information that will control critical functions of the weapon system's Beam Control/ Fire Control (BC/FC) segment.
• Hardcopy Update 02/05/99 - - ARTICLE CITATIONS GATHERED FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• DoD Speeds Navy Theater Missile Defense Project By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 04 February 1999 -- To defend against the growing threat of missile attacks on foreign-based U.S. forces, DoD will accelerate development of a sea-based theater missile defense system. A perceived medium-range missile threat and past test failures of the Army ground-based Theater High Altitude Area Defense system provoked DoD into moving up the scheduled fielding of the Navy system from 2010 to 2007.
• Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty's Legal Status Council for a Livable World Education Fund February 3, 1999 -- Advocates of immediate National Missile Defense deployment argue that the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty is no longer a valid treaty. Their legal analyses are biased by their ideology and their conclusions are wrong.
• Administration's letter on the Cochran bill National Security Adviser Samuel (Sandy) Berger, speaking for the White House and Defense and State Departments, sent a letter to Michigan Senator Carl Levin dated February 3, 1999 formally opposing the Cochran bill endorsing National Missile Defense deployment and promising a veto.
• Airman scheduled for special court-martial (AFPN) 3 Feb 1999 -- Airman 1st Class Jeffrey Bettendorf, who has exercised his right to object to his summary court-martial, will face a special court-martial for refusing a lawful order to receive the anthrax vaccine.
• What's DoD Testing for Theater Missile Defense? By Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 02 February 1999 -- With deployed U.S. forces increasingly threatened by medium-range missile attacks, Defense Secretary William S. Cohen announced Jan. 20 that DoD will step up development of an expanded theater missile defense capability.
• TBMD Master’s Thesis Passes the Test of Time BMD Technical Information Center Focus February 1999 -- Designed to raise ques- tions rather than provide answers, the book addresses four major issues facing the Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC): Logistics; Command, Control and In- telligence; Warfighting; and Rules of Engagement.

  January

• Hardcopy Update 01/29/99 - ARTICLE CITATIONS GATHERED FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• Patriots deploy to Turkey (AFPN) 25 Jan 1999 -- Elements of Patriot missile batteries from Germany deployed through the Kaiserslautern Military Community recently, en route to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, at the request of the Turkish government.
• Cohen announces national missile defense plan American Forces Press Service 22 Jan 1999 -- The Pentagon will spend $6.6 billion over the next six years to develop and possibly deploy a limited national missile defense system.
• CLINTON ANNOUNCES INITIATIVES TO PROTECT US FROM WMD TERRORISM Wendy S. Ross USIA 22 January 1999 -- President Clinton says the United States must have in place programs that can protect the nation if "the enemies of peace" attempt to disable its computer and critical infrastructure systems or attack it with chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons of mass destruction.
• FACT SHEET -- Funding for Domestic Preparedness and Critical Infrastructure Protection January 22, 1999
• FACT SHEET: KEEPING AMERICA SECURE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY USIA 22 January 1999 -- President Clinton has made defending the United States against chemical and biological weapons a top national security priority. The possibility that outlaw nations and terrorist groups will seek to use these weapons represents one of the greatest threats to American security in the 21st century.
• REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT ON KEEPING AMERICA SECURE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY January 22, 1999 -- The enemies of peace realize they cannot defeat us with traditional military means. So they are working on two new forms of assault, which you've heard about today: cyber attacks on our critical computer systems, and attacks with weapons of mass destruction -- chemical, biological, potentially even nuclear weapons.
• White House Briefing January 22, 1999 -- The President has since the first day he came into office was very interested in making sure that we both prepare for and work to deter this kind of threat, whether it be chemical, biological or the increase threat of cyber terrorism. I think in his speech today he detailed some of the things he has done and some of the things he will or is proposing that we do.
• KEEPING AMERICA SECURE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY - REMARKS BY NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR SANDY BERGER; DR. JOSHUA LEDERBERG, NOBEL LAUREATE, AND JAMIE GORELICK, OF FANNIE MAE FOUNDATION January 22, 1999 -- . How do we respond to the threat of terrorists around the world, turning from bullets and bombs to even more insidious and potent weapons? What if they seek to use chemical, biological, even nuclear weapons? The United States must deal with these emerging threats now, so that the instruments of prevention develop at least as rapidly as the instruments of disruption.
• TRANSCRIPT: RENO, SHALALA, CLARKE BRIEFING ON TERRORISM USIA 22 January 1999 -- President Clinton's National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure, and Counterterrorism, Dick Clarke, Attorney General Reno, and Secretary of Health and Human Services Shalala briefed the White House Press Corps January 22 on the emerging threats of biological, chemical and cyber terrorism.
• Pentagon Repeats: Anthrax Vaccine is Safe Linda D. Kozaryn American Forces Press Service 22 January 1999 -- Pentagon officials insist the mandatory anthrax vaccine has proven to be safe. "It's safe and reliable," Pentagon Spokesman Ken Bacon said. "It works and has no side effects."
• Reaction to Administration National Missile Defense plan - January 22, 1999 - John Isaacs - Council for a Livable World - In Russia - START II imperiled, In China - discomfort, From the Washington Post - more or less support, From the New York Times - endorsement of Clinton plan, From Jesse Helms - scrap the ABM Treaty
• The U.S. has already spent over $100 billion on missile defenses with little to show; why throw good money after bad? - January 22, 1999 - John Isaacs - Council for a Livable World --To date, the U.S. has spent over $100 billion for a variety of national and theater missile systems. After more than 40 years, the U.S. should have learned that expensive defensive missile deployment is a dubious proposition.
• THE QUESTION OF MISSILE DEFENSE Voice of America 22 January 1999 -- SENATOR JESSE HELMS, CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE, SAID A DEFENSE AGAINST INCOMING MISSILES IS URGENTLY NEEDED, THE SOONER THE BETTER, CONSIDERING U-S VULNERABILITY.
• hard.copy Update 22 January 1999 ARTICLE CITATIONS FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• COHEN'S NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE STATEMENT: WHAT DID IT MEAN? - January 21, 1999 - John Isaacs - Council for a Livable World -- Cohen delivered a decidedly mixed message on National Missile Defense. As a result, different media and Republicans came away with decidedly diverse interpretations.
• US DEVELOPING LIMITED MISSILE DEFENSE AGAINST ROGUE STATE THREAT Wendy S. Ross USIA 21 January 1999 -- A member of the National Security Council staff has confirmed that the United States is developing a limited national missile defense system to counter possible threats from rogue states.
• CLINTON / CONGRESS / DEFENSE SPENDING Voice of America 21 January 1999 -- THE ADMINISTRATION PLEDGED TO SET ASIDE SIX-POINT-SIX-BILLION DOLLARS TO BUILD A LIMITED MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM. REPUBLICANS WERE PLEASED. LIBERAL DEMOCRATS WERE AGHAST.
• Cohen Announces National Missile Defense Plan Douglas J. Gillert American Forces Press Service 21 January 1999 -- The Pentagon will spend $6.6 billion over the next six years to develop and possibly deploy a limited national missile defense system.
• DoD News Briefing Thursday, January 21, 1999 -- Some members of the Connecticut Air National Guard have refused to take the anthrax vaccine, and some of them have even resigned over the issue. Every vaccine imposes some risk to people who might have other symptoms or some sort of syndromes. And there have been some reactions to the vaccine.
• DoD News Briefing Thursday, January 21, 1999 -- Secretary Cohen said yesterday that we have made no decision to deploy and that won't be made for 17 months, until June of the year 2000. That's when we will address the deployment issue. Deterrence has worked since our nuclear forces were established in the 1940s, and we believe it will continue to work against countries such as Russia.
• MISSILE DEFENSES Voice of America 20 January 1999 -- PENTAGON OFFICIALS SAY THEY WILL PUT BILLIONS MORE DOLLARS INTO RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF VARIOUS DEFENSES AGAINST BALLISTIC MISSILES.
• COHEN ANNOUNCES PLAN TO AUGMENT MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAMS January 20, 1999 - Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced today that the Defense Department plans to allocate additional funds to National Missile Defense (NMD) and Theater Missile Defense (TMD) programs to meet the growing ballistic missile threats from rogue states to U.S. forces deployed overseas and potentially to U.S. territory.
• DoD News Briefing, Secretary Cohen and Gen. Shelton, Subject: Missile Defense - January 20, 1999 - I'm announcing today's decisions regarding how we'll decide to deploy a missile defense for America, how we'll address the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, the ABM Treaty, and how we are restructuring some of our programs to enable us to deploy capable missile defenses as quickly as possible. And while our NMD program is being conducted consistent with the terms of the ABM Treaty to date, our deployment might require modifications to the treaty and the Administration is working to determine the nature and the scope of these modifications. The ABM Treaty could be amended, for example, to shift from the one site in North Dakota that was originally agreed to, to put that in Alaska. It might require multiple sites.
• DOD News Briefing, Missile Defense, 20 January 1999 - Lt. Gen. Lyles:
  As announced by Secretary Cohen, we've acknowledged and affirmed that the threat is real, and it's become more certain and growing in the near future. We've also acknowledged that we need to start dialogue and discussions with the Russians about the treaty, and activity is already underway to address that. By the summer of 2000 we would not have tested the actual booster for our kill vehicle and the interceptor. The kill vehicle itself, the exoatmospheric kill vehicle, will not be tested until a couple of years later, the final configuration.
  Dr. Ted Warner:
  We believe that the ABM Treaty has been amended in the past. We believe that the type of system we are proposing does not fundamentally challenge the strategic nuclear stalemate between Russia and the United States, and will not challenge it, and we intend to engage the Russians on this matter to seek to amend the treaty in a way that will sustain it as a cornerstone of our relationship, but at the same time will in fact allow us to proceed.
• DOD News Briefing Charts on Missile Defense, 20 January 1999 - [4 charts, 929k PDF]
• WHITE HOUSE BRIEFING ON STATE OF THE UNION January 19, 1999 -- Initiative number two is something we'll be talking about more on Friday -- is to deal far more aggressively with new threats to America's security and particularly defending ourselves against biological and chemical attacks and against cyber attacks to our computer networks.
• hard.copy Update 15 January 1999 ARTICLE CITATIONS FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• IRAQ-TURKEY-US Voice of America 14 January 1999 -- PENTAGON OFFICIALS SAY THEY ARE CONSIDERING A TURKISH REQUEST TO DEPLOY U-S - BUILT MISSILE DEFENSES IN SOUTHERN TURKEY.
• hard.copy Update 08 January 1999 ARTICLE CITATIONS FROM COMMERCIALLY PUBLISHED JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS
• DoD News Briefing Thursday, January 7, 1999 -- We're going to have a crucial test in June. And it will be an interceptor test. I think that will give us a good indication of where this system stands. There are other interceptor tests planned for later in the year or early next year. And the full system test will involve sensors to discriminate between warheads and decoys. It will involve the radar picking up the target, discriminating the target from the decoys and then actually trying to hit it.
• Theater Missile Defense Initiative 98 Exercise Information Second Fleet Public Affairs January 1999 -- More than 24,000 U.S. joint service members as well as personnel and units from allied nations will participate in Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) 99-1. This exercise has been directed by Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Command, Adm. Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN. The exercise will be conducted by Vice Adm. William J. Fallon, USN, Commander, United States Second Fleet and Commander, Striking Fleet Atlantic.

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