FM 44-100 GLOSSARY

FM 44-100 US ARMY AIR DEFENSE OPERATIONS 15 June 1995

GLOSSARY

A2C2 Army airspace command and control AAA antiaircraft artillery AADC area air defense commander ACA airspace control authority ACO airspace control order AD air defense ADA air defense artillery ADCOORD air defense coordinator ADIZ Air Defense Identification Zone ADOA air defense operations area ADW air defense warning AGL above ground level AI air interdiction air defense artillery (ADA) ground-based surface-to-air weapons, for engaging air and missile targets air defense operations area (ADOA) an area and the airspace above it within which procedures are established to minimize mutual interference between air defense and other operations air interdiction air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy's military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces airspace management the coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions air superiority that degree of dominance in the air battle of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force air supremacy that degree of air superiority wherein the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference ALERT attack and launch early reporting to theater ALOC air lines of communications AMC United States Army Materiel Command AO area of operations AOC air operations center AOR area of responsibility APOD aerial port of debarkation AR armor area air defense commander (AADC) within an over seas unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force, the commander will assign overall responsibility for air defense to a single commander ARM antiradiation missile ARSPACE Army Space Command ASCC Army Service Component Commander ASG area support group ASP ammunition supply point ASPO Army Space Program Office ATACMS Army tactical missile system ATP Allied Tactical Publication AV aviation AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System

BAS battalion aid station battlefield air interdiction air interdiction attacks against targets which are in a position to have a near term effect on friendly land forces battlefield coordination element (BCE) the Army liaison element collocated with the TACC which processes land forces' requests for tactical air support, monitors and interprets the land battle situation for the TACC, and provides the necessary interface for the exchange of current intelligence and operational data BCE battlefield coordination element bde brigade BM battle management

C2 command and control C2W command and control warfare C3 command, control, and communications C4I command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence CA counterair CAFAD combined arms for air defense CAP combat air patrol; crises action procedures

CAS close air support cdr commander CDRUSELM-NORAD Commander, United States Element-North American Aerospace Defense CEP Command circular error probable CHS Combat health support CINC Commander In Chief CINCNORA Commander In Chief, North American Aerospace Defense CJCS Command Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff close air support (CAS) air action against hostile tar gets which are in close proximity to friendly forces CM cruise missile CMMC corps materiel management center COA course of action COCOM combatant command COMARSPACE Commander, United States Army Space Command command the authority that a commander in the military service lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel. command and control the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. COMMZ communications zone COMSEC communications security control authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations CONUS continental United States COSCOM corps support command counterair operations air operations conducted to attain and maintain a desired degree of air superiority by the destruction or neutralization of enemy air forces CP command post CRC control and reporting center CRP control and reporting post CSA corps storage area CSG corps support group CSR control supply rate CSS combat service support CZ combat zone

DA Department of the Army DAO division ammunition officer DCA defensive counter air DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and plans DEFCON defense readiness condition defensive counterair the protection of assets from air attack through both direct defense and destruction of the enemy's air attack capacity in the air DISCON division support command DISE deployable intelligence support element DLA Defense Logistics Agency DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DOD Department of Defense DP decision point DS direct support DSA division support area DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System DSCSOC Defense Satellite Communications System operation center DSP defense support program

EA electronic attack EAC echelons above corps ECM electronic countermeasures EHF extremely high frequency electronic warfare military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum and action which retains friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum

electronic countermeasures that division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum EMCON emissions control EN Corps of Engineers engage a command order used to direct surface-to-air units to engage specific targets with intent to destroy EO engagement operations EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite EP electronic protection EROS Earth Resources Observation System ES electronic warfare support EW electronic warfare

FA field artillery FAAD forward area air defense FAADEZ forward area air defense engagement zone FARP forward area rearm/refuel point FDC fire direction center FEZ fighter engagement zone FID Foreign Internal Defense fire support coordinator (FSCOORD) the individual responsible for the planning and execution of fires so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons fire support element (FSE) a functional element of a force command post that provides centralized targeting, coordination, and integration of fires delivered on surface targets by fire support means under the control of or in support of the force. This element is staffed from the field artillery headquarters or field artillery staff section of the force and representatives of other fire support means. FLOT forward line of own troops FLTSAT Fleet Satellite FLTSATCOM Fleet Satellite Communication System FM field manual FO force operations FRAGO fragmentary order FS fire support FS fire support FSB forward support battalion FSCOORD fire support coordinator FSE fire support element FST finance support team

G1 Assistant Chief-of-Staff, Personnel G2 Assistant Chief-of-Staff, Intelligence G3 Assistant Chief-of-Staff, Operations and Plans G4 Assistant Chief-of-Staff, Logistics GMFSC Ground Mobile Forces Satellite Communications GPS Global Positioning System GS general support GS-R general support-reinforcing GSA General Services Administration

HE high explosive HIDACZ high-density airspace control zone HIMAD high- to medium-altitude air defense HQDA Headquarters, Department of the Army HRV high resolution visible HSS health service support

ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile IEW intelligence and electronic warfare IFF identification, friend or foe IFV infantry fighting vehicle IN infantry intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) a continuous, integrated, and comprehensive analysis of the effects of terrain, weather, and enemy capabilities on operations IPB intelligence preparation of the battlefield IR intelligence requirement IRBM intermediate-range ballistic missile

J3 Operations Directorate JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JEZ joint engagement zone

JFACC joint force air component commander JFC joint force commander JFLCC joint force land component commander JFMCC joint force maritime component commander JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander JOA joint operations area joint force air component commander (JFACC) The joint force air component commander's responsibilities will be assigned by the joint force commander (normally these would include, but not be limited to, planning, coordination, allocation, and tasking based on the joint force commander's appointment decision). joint force land component commander (JFLCC) the designated senior land commander in a joint force who exercises command and control of all assigned land forces. Based upon the joint force commander's guidance, the JFLCC develops his concept of operations, assigns missions and allocated resources. He supports subordinate units by conducting joint planning and coordination required to implement their schemes of maneuver. JOPES Joint Operations Planning and Execution System JOTS Joint Operations Tactical System JRA joint rear area JSOA joint special operations area JSTARS Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System JTAGS Joint Tactical Ground Station J-TENS Joint-Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities JTF joint task force JTMD joint theater missile defense JZ joint zone

LADW local air defense warning LANDSAT Land Satellite LAR logistics assistance representative LCC land component commander LNO liaison officer LOC lines of communications (logistic routes) LRC logistics readiness center LRU line replaceable unit LZ landing zone

MARFORCC Marine Force Component Commander MCO movement control officer MCT movement control team MEF Marine expeditionary force METT-T mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time available MEZ missile engagement zone MICOM Missile Command MILSATCOM Military Satellite Communications MLRS multiple-launch rocket system MMC Materiel Management Center MRR minimum risk route MSB main support battalion MSI multispectral imagery MSR main supply route MTOE modified table of organization and equipment MWR morale, welfare, and recreation

NAI named area of interest NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAVCC Navy Component Commander NBC nuclear, biological, and chemical NCA national command authority NEO noncombatant evacuation operations NGO non-government organization NICP national inventory control point NMD national missile defense NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command

OCA offensive counterair OCOKA observation, cover and concealment, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach offensive counterair (OCA) an operation mounted to destroy, disrupt, or limit enemy air power close to its source as possible OLS Operational Linescan System

OOTW operations other than war OP observation post OPCON operational control operational command those functions of command involving the composition of subordinate forces, the assignment of tasks, the designation of objectives, and the authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission operational control synonymous with operational command operational level of war the level of war at which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or areas of operations operations security (OPSEC) the process of denying adversaries information about friendly capabilities and intentions by identifying, controlling, and protecting indicators associated with planning and conducting military operations and other activities OPLAN operation plan OPORD operation order OPSEC operations security ORF operational readiness float

PAC Patriot advanced capabilities PAO public affairs officer passive air defense all measures, other than active defense, taken to minimize the effects of hostile air action. These include the use of tactical warning of air or missile attack, cover, concealment, camouflage, deception, dispersion, and protective construction. PASR personnel accounting and strength reporting PIR priority intelligence requirement POD port of debarkation POL petroleum, oils and lubricants positive control a method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having this authority and responsibility therein PPS precision positioning system PRM personnel readiness management procedural control a method of airspace control that relies on a combination of previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures PSS personnel system support PTL primary target line pub publication PZ pick-up zone

R reinforcing R&S reconnaissance and surveillance RADC region air defense commander remotely-piloted vehicle an unmanned aerial vehicle capable of being controlled by a person from a distant location through a communications link. It is normally designed to be recoverable. RISTA reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target acquisition ROE rules of engagement RSR required supply rate RT return to duty rules of engagement (ROE) directives that delineate the circumstances under which weapons may fire at an aircraft. The right of self-defense is never denied.

S1 Adjutant S2 Intelligence Officer S3 Operations and Training Officer S4 Logistics Officer SDC Strategic Defense Command SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses SEP spherical error probable SHF super high frequency SHORAD short-range air defense SHORADEZ short-range air defense engagement zone SJA staff judge advocateSLBM sea-launched ballistic missile SOC sector operations center SOE state of emissions SOF special operation forces SOP standing operating procedure SOR state of readiness SPOD sea port of debarkation

FM 44-100

SPOT Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre SSDC Space and Strategic Defense Command STANAG Standardization Agreement strategic level of war the level of war at which a nation or group of nations determines national or alliance security objectives and develops and uses national resources to accomplish those objectives suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) that activity which neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades enemy air defenses in a specific area by physical attack and or electronic warfare

TAADCOORD theater Army air defense coordinator TACC tactical air control center TACDAR Tactical Detection and Reporting

tactical air control center (TACC) the principal air operations installation (land- or ship-based) from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled

tactical level of war the level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to accomplish military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces

TAI target area of interest TASM tactical air-to-surface missile TBM tactical ballistic missile TENCAP Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities TERS Tactical Event Reporting System TES Tactical Event System TF task force THAAD Theater High-Altitude Area Defense TIBS Tactical Information Broadcast System TM technical manual; theater missile TMD theater missile defense TOC tactical operations center TRANSCOM Transportation Command TRAP Tactical Receive Equipment and Related Applications TSA theater storage area

UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UHF ultrahigh frequency USAF United States Air Force USCINCSPACE United States Commander in Chief, Space Command USMC United States Marine Corps USN United States Navy USSPACECOM United States Space Command USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command

WAD weapons alert designator WCS weapon control status WEZ weapon engagement zone