Sensor Requirements Document (SRD)
APPENDICES "A" THROUGH "H"
for
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (NPOESS) SENSORS
Prepared by
Associate Directorate for Acquisition
NPOESS Integrated Program Office
17 March 1997
Integrated Program Office
Silver Spring MD 20910
DEFINITION/GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Airglow
A natural electromagnetic radiation arising from chemical reactions of upper atmospheric constituents. Airglow occurs as emission continua, atomic lines, and molecular bands, with the brightest contributions arising from atomic oxygen and OH. Airglow extends from the ultraviolet, through visible, to the SWIR spectrum, occurs in the 70300 km altitude range, and is both temporally and spatially variable.
Albedo (Surface)
The ratio of the solar electromagnetic power in a specified band reflected from a surface element of the earth to the total in-band power incident upon it.
Ancillary Data
Any data which is not produced by the NPOESS System, but which NPOESS EDR algorithms require to meet the EDR attributes given in Appendix D (e.g. terrain height data base or conventional surface and upper air observations).
API (Antecedent Precipitation Index)
An estimate of surface moisture based on rainfall history. API includes both surface water and soil moisture. Soil moisture (columnar %) may be computed from API by dividing API by the depth of the soil (in mm), to yield the equivalent vertical mm of water per unit vertical mm depth of soil. Soil moisture (% by weight) may be computed from API by dividing API by the soil bulk density (requires knowledge of soil type).
Argos
A satellite-based location and data collection system dedicated to monitoring the environment.
Centrals
Elements of the NPOESS System which are designated data processing centers. For example, NOAA/NESDIS.
Centrals Element
The Centrals element will be that equipment and software necessary to ingest and store (temporarily) the RDRs, and process them as necessary into SDRs and EDRs. The currently defined Centrals are AFGWC, NOAA/NESDIS, FNMOC, NAVOCEANO, and 50 WS.
Cloud
An aggregate of minute non-precipitating water and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. In this TRD "cloud" is always to be interpreted to mean "detectable cloud", as defined in this glossary.
Cloud cover
The fraction of a given area that is overlaid in the local normal direction by clouds. It is the fraction of the earth's horizontal surface that is masked by the vertical projection of clouds.
Cloud type
The classification of clouds into the 18 types given in Tables 319 and 320 of the Federal Meteorological Handbook 1B.
Common Support Equipment (CSE)
Support equipment capable of common use by various systems throughout DOD, NOAA, and NASA, as applicable.
Communications Security (COMSEC)
Measures taken to provide protection for the transmission of classified and sensitive unclassified information.
Computer Security (COMPUSEC)
Measures taken to provide protection for the processing of classified and sensitive unclassified information.
Critical Failure
Any fault, failure or malfunction which results in the loss of the System's ability to provide any key attribute of a key EDR or other key parameter (e.g. data access).
Design Service Life
The design service life of the satellite is at least 15 years. This includes the time allowed for test, storage, prelaunch checkout, launch and injection, on-orbit, recovery, and contingency time. It includes the 7 year on-orbit design life and up to 3 years of intermittent testing..
Detectable Cloud
An acqueous aerosol having a vertical extinction optical depth exceeding 0.03 (TBR) in the visible or a contrast with the background exceeding 0.02 (TBR) in the visible. Contrast with the background is defined as the difference between the cloud and adjacent background radiance divided by the sum of these two radiances. In this TRD "cloud" is always to be interpreted to mean "detectable cloud."
Drop Size Distribution
The number of aerosol, cloud, or rain droplets per specified size interval per unit volume over a specified range of sizes.
Electron Density Profile
The density of free electrons as a function of altitude. It is generally derived from both ionospheric sounding data and theory.
Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM)
Measures taken to counter electronic warfare susceptibility and vulnerability of a specific system.
Environmental Data
Environmental data ( also termed "mission data") refers to all data, atmospheric, oceanographic, terrestrial, space environmental, and climatic, being sensed and collected by the satellite or derived, at least in part, from these measurements.
Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
Data records that contain the environmental parameters or imagery required to be generated as user products by this TRD as well as any ancillary data required to identify or interpret these parameters or images. EDRs are generally produced by applying an appropriate set of algorithms to Raw Data Records (RDRs)
Field Terminals
DoD tactical field element terminals such as the AN/SMQ-11 and TESS used by the USN; the Mark IV used by the USMC and AF; and the Mark IVB and STT used by the AF and any identified follow-on terminals..
Final Operational Capability
The System final operational capability (FOC) will be met when: a full NPOESS satellite constellation meeting all contractual system requirements is operational; sufficient C3 and mission data recovery resources are available; sufficient crews are trained; sufficient logistics resources are in place to support C3S, data recovery, and IDPS operations; and approval to operate at Falcon AFB is received.
Full Mission Capability.
The full mission capability exists when: a full satellite constellation is operational (currently anticipated to be two US and one METOP); sufficient C3 and mission data recovery resources are available; sufficient crews are trained; sufficient logistics resources are in place to support C3, data recovery, and the IDP segment; and approval to operate at Falcon AFB is received.
Geoid
The gravitational equipotential surface corresponding to mean sea level.
Geomagnetic Field
The magnetic field of the Earth.
Global Coverage
Global coverage denotes the observation of all points on the Earth or its atmosphere (with the exception of gaps centered over the poles consistent with the allocated swath width), at least once per given time period, and implies use of recorded data.
Global Resolution
The horizontal spatial resolution (or cell size) required by Centrals to support global coverage EDRs (see Appendix D).
High Data Rate
Refers to the real time data link to field terminals which contains data at all channels at the smallest scale horizontal spatial resolution (or cell size) required in Appendix D. Note that the smallest scale horizontal spatial resolution (or cell size) is the same resolution as the "regional resolution" required by the Centrals.
Horizon
The actual lower boundary of the observed sky or upper outline of terrestrial objects including nearby natural obstructions.
Horizontal Cell Size
For a parameter which is an estimate of the uniform spatial average of an environmental parameter over a square region of the earth's surface or within a square layer of the atmosphere, the side length of this square region or layer. (For a parameter which is an estimate of an environmental parameter at a point, the horizontal cell size is defined to be zero.) For a reported parameter not of this type but which is defined for a square region of the earth's surface or a square layer of the atmosphere (e.g., cloud cover, ice concentration, etc.), the side length of this square region.
Horizontal Coverage
The horizontal spatial extent of the region within which estimates of an environmental parameter are made and reported.
Horizontal Reporting Interval
The spacing between nearest neighbor points in the horizontal direction at which an environmental parameter is estimated and reported. For atmospheric profiles the horizontal reporting interval applies to the lowest altitude samples.
Horizontal Spatial Resolution
For a scanning imager on a space-based platform, a specified band, and a specified nadir angle, one half of the wavelength corresponding to the earth surface spatial frequency at which the end-to-end system modulation transfer function (MTF) equals 0.5 on the in-track spatial frequency axis or cross-track spatial frequency axis, whichever is greater. The in-track (cross-track) spatial frequency is the earth surface spatial frequency associated with the in-track (cross-track) direction. (See definition of Modulation Transfer Function.)
Horizontal Wind Vector Accuracy
The wind speed error is | |Wm| - |Wt| | where Wm is the measured velocity and Wt is the true velocity. The wind direction error is the angular difference between the directions of Wm and Wt.
Housekeeping
Functions such as orbit and attitude maintenance, navigation, power, command, telemetry and data handling, structure, rigidity, alignment, heater power, temperature measurements, etc..
Imagery
Two-dimensional array of numbers, in digital format, each representing the brightness of a small elemental area.
Initial Operating Capability
IOC has been met when: two satellites are operational; sufficient C3 and mission data recovery resources are available to allow all mission data to be processed at all centrals and 50 percent of field terminals; sufficient crews are trained to allow 24 hours/day, 365 days/year operations at the primary SOC, and to allow backup operations as needed; sufficient sustaining engineering resources are in place to allow for anomaly resolution, for example; sufficient logistics resources are in place to support C3, data recovery, and the IDP segment; and approval to operate at Falcon AFB is received.
Insolation
The solar radiation flux at the surface of the earth.
Ionospheric Scintillation
The random fluctuation of the amplitude and phase of a radio-frequency signal caused by passing through the ionosphere.
Key Attribute
An EDR attribute that is a key parameter of the system. See Key Parameter.
Key EDR
An EDR which has a key attribute. See Key Attribute.
Key Sensor
A sensor which is required to meet key parameter requirements.
Key Parameter
A parameter so significant that failure to meet the threshold requirement(s) pertaining to its measurement is cause for the System to be reevaluated or the program to be reassessed or terminated. Key parameters include key attributes of key EDRs and the data access requirement. Key parameter requirements are to be included in the Acquisition Program Baseline. (The term "Key Performance Parameter" is used in the IORD.)
Lead
Any fracture or passageway through sea ice which is navigable by surface vessels.
Line Replaceable Unit
The smallest unit that can be removed and replaced without cutting or desoldering connections.
Local Average Revisit Time
The average time interval between consecutive measurements of a parameter at a given location on the earth's surface over a time period much greater than an orbital period. Local average revisit time so defined is a function of location on the earth's surface.
Local Refresh
The maximum time interval between consecutive measurements of a parameter at a given location on the earth's surface over a time period much greater than an orbital period. Local refresh so defined is a function of location on the earth's surface.
Local Revisit Time
The time interval between consecutive measurements of a parameter at a given location on the earth's surface. In general, successive revisit times at the same location will not be equal, and the distributions of revisit times during a given period of time at different locations will be different.
Local Time Range
For an in-situ/in-track measurement, range or ranges of ascending/descending times within which NPOESS spacecraft should be capable of measuring an EDR. Measurements outside of the specified range or ranges are not required.
Long Term Stability (TBR)
The difference between the maximum and minimum short-term mean of an estimated parameter over the NPOESS life cycle. This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation. The short-term mean is defined as the mean of a set of estimates of the parameter satisfying the following three conditions:
The third condition is imposed because a long term stability requirement must be met for any true value of the parameter within the measurement range (see definition), not in an average sense over the measurement range. In practice, such as in the analysis of simulation results or measured calibration/validation data, it is understood that measurements will be binned into sets for which the true value of the parameters falls into a narrow range, preferably a range
much smaller than the required measurement range. Corrections for known temporal changes in sensor performance characteristics and for differences in sensor performance characteristics from satellite to satellite are considered to be part of the parameter estimation process. Retrospective processing and re-analysis of data is allowed for the purpose of meeting a long-term stability requirement.
The long-term stability is given by the following formula:
= max{mN(t)}0tT-T' - min{mN(t)}0tT-T'
where mN(t) is the short-term mean at time t, T is the NPOESS life cycle, T' is the maximum duration of the period during which measurements contributing to the short-term mean are performed, and the minimum and maximum are taken over the time period from t = 0, which is defined to be the beginning of the NPOESS life cycle, to t = T - T'.
The short-term mean mN(t) is given by the following formula:
mN(t) = (Si=1,N xi(t'))/N , 0 t T - T',
where xi(t') is the value obtained in the i'th estimate of the parameter at time t', Si=1,N denotes summation from i = 1 to i = N, and t t' t + T'. The value of N is large enough so that the sample size error is much less than the required long term stability value for any time t in the range 0 t T - T'.
If long term stability is specified as a percentage, the percentage is with respect to the mean MN of the short-term mean mN(t) over the NPOESS life cycle. MN is given by the following formula:
MN = (1/(T - T') mN(t) dt
where the integral is over the range 0 t T - T'. Long term stability expressed as a percentage is given by:
100 /MN
where is defined above.
Longwave Radiation
The radiation that is emitted by the Earth or the atmosphere. It is generally in the spectral wavelength interval between 4 and 50 micrometers.
Low Data Rate
Refers to real time data link to field terminals containing fewer channels and/or coarser resolution than the high data rate real time link .
Mapping Uncertainty
The RMS error (one sigma) in the geolocation of measured or derived data samples expressed in geodetic coordinates based on a large number of repetitions of the measurement and/or derivation. An "error" is defined as the difference between the measured or derived value and the true value of a parameter. Mapping uncertainty is due to the combined effect of all systematic and random errors affecting geolocation.
Maximum Local Average Revisit Time
The maximum value of local average revisit time over the set of all locations within a given area of the earth's surface. Unless otherwise specified, the area is defined to be the horizontal coverage region of the measured parameter. Where constraints on the area are specified, e.g., "clear", "cloudy", etc., the area is defined to be the sub-region of the horizontal coverage region satisfying the constraint.
Maximum Local Refresh
The maximum value of local refresh over the set of all locations within a given area of the earth's surface. Unless otherwise specified, the area is defined to be the horizontal coverage region of the measured parameter. Where constraints on the area are specified, e.g., "clear", "cloudy", etc., the area is defined to be the sub-region of the horizontal coverage region satisfying the constraint.
Mean Down Time (MDT)
Mean down time (MDT) is calculated as:
MDT = total time down from downing events
number of downing events
Mean Time Between Critical Failure (MTBCF)
The total amount of mission time divided by the total number of critical failures during a stated series of missions.
Mean time between critical failure (MTBCF) is calculated as:
MTBCF = operating time
number of critical failures
Mean Time Between Downing Events
Mean time between downing events (MTBDE) is calculated as:
MTBDE = operating time
number of downing events
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
The mean number of life units during which all parts of the item perform within their specified limits, during a particular measurement interval under stated conditions.
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
The sum of corrective maintenance times at any specific level of repair divided by the total number of failures within an item repaired at that level during a particular interval under stated conditions.
Mean Time To Restore Functions (MTTRF)
Mean time to restore functions (MTTRF) is calculated as:
MTTRF = total time down from critical failures
number of critical failures
Measurement Accuracy
The magnitude of the difference between the mean estimated value of a parameter and its true value (see definition).
This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation. The mean is based on a set of estimates satisfying the following two conditions:
The second condition is imposed because a measurement accuracy requirement must be met for any true value of the parameter within the measurement range (see definition), not in an average sense over the measurement range. In practice, such as in the analysis of simulation results or measured calibration/validation data, it is understood that measurements will be binned into sets for which the true value of the parameters falls into a narrow range, preferably a range much smaller than the required measurement range.
For an ensemble of N estimates of the parameter x, the measurement accuracy bN is given by the following formula:
bN = |mN - xT|
where mN is the sample mean, xT is the true value of the parameter, and |…| denotes absolute value. The sample mean mN is given by the following formula:
mN = (Si=1,N xi)/N
where xi is the value obtained in the i'th estimate of the parameter x and Si=1,N denotes summation from i = 1 to i = N.
Measurement Error
The difference between the estimated value of a parameter and its true value. This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation.
The measurement error is given by:
= xE - xT
where xE is the estimate of the parameter x and xT is its true value (see definition).
Measurement Precision
The standard deviation (one sigma) of an estimated parameter.
This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation. The standard deviation is based on a set of estimates satisfying the following two conditions:
The second condition is imposed because a measurement precision requirement must be met for any true value of the parameter within the measurement range (see definition), not in an average sense over the measurement range. In practice, such as in the analysis of simulation results or measured calibration/validation data, it is understood that measurements will be binned into sets for which the true value of the parameters falls into a narrow range, preferably a range much smaller than the required measurement range.
For an ensemble of N estimates of the parameter x, the measurement precision sN is given by the following formula:
sN = [ Si=1,N (xi - mN)2/(N - 1)]1/2
where mN is the sample mean (defined in the definition of measurement accuracy), xi is the value obtained in the i'th estimate of the parameter x, and Si=1,N denotes summation from i = 1 to i = N.
Measurement Range
Range of values over which a parameter is to be estimated while meeting all other measurement requirements. This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation.
Measurement Uncertainty
The root-mean-square (RMS) of the measurement errors (see definition) for an estimated parameter. This estimate may be the result of a direct measurement, an indirect measurement, or an algorithmic derivation. The measurement uncertainty is based on a set of estimates satisfying the following two conditions:
The second condition is imposed because a measurement uncertainty requirement must be met for any true value of the parameter within the measurement range (see definition), not in an average sense over the measurement range. In practice, such as in the analysis of simulation results or measured calibration/validation data, it is understood that measurements will be binned into sets for which the true value of the parameters falls into a narrow range, preferably a range
much smaller than the required measurement range.
As defined herein, measurement uncertainty is due to the combined effects of all systematic and random errors. Also, as a consequence of its definition, measurement uncertainty converges to the square root of the sum of the squares (RSS) of the measurement accuracy and precision in the limit of infinitely large sets of measurements.
For an ensemble of N estimates of a parameter x, the measurement uncertainty N is given by the following formula:
N = [ Si=1,N (xi - xT)2/N]1/2
where xi is the value obtained in the i'th estimate of the parameter, xT is the true value of the parameter, and Si=1,N denotes summation from i = 1 to i = N.
MeshA rectilinear (square) grid of lines which is superimposed upon a standard map projection. Current practice is to use a polar stereographic map projection for which each hemisphere is overlaid with a 512 x 512 square grid (called "eighth-mesh"), which is true at 60 degrees latitude, i.e., the quoted geographical grid size of the mesh (25 nmi) is true at 60 degrees latitude. A future upgrade would be the implementation of a sixteenth-mesh ("20 km") grid. ("Mesh" defined fields are also displayable as Mercator projection products)Meteorological Range (Rm)An empirically consistent measure of the visual range of a target. It is defined as the distance at which optical intensity is diminished by 17 dB (or the transmittance is 0.02). Meteorological Range Ê(Rm) =Ê3.912/ao, where ao is the extinction coefficient. The extinction coefficient is defined by: I(x) = I(0) e-x/ao, where I(x) is the optical intensity at distance x.Mid-latitudesThe set of all locations on the earth's surface between 20 and 50 degrees north latitude and between 20 and 50 degrees south latitude.Mission DataThe combination of data provided by any of the mission sensors (i.e., environmental data) plus satellite orbit, attitude, and time tags. It does not include other sensors (i.e., S&R, SDC) or telemetry.
Mission SensorsAny sensor on the spacecraft directly used to satisfy any of the EDR requirements of Appendix D.Mixing RatioIn a sample of moist air, the mixing ratio is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. It is expressed in parts per thousand, usually grams of water vapor per kilograms of dry air.Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)The magnitude of the Fourier transform of the end-to-end system point spread function (PSF). ). The MTF is a function of two spatial frequencies associated with two orthogonal spatial directions, and is equal to one at the origin by virtue of the normalization condition on the PSF.NephanalysisAnalysis of cloud cover in terms of type and amount.ObjectiveA requirement which is significantly more difficult to meet than the threshold requirement but which, if met, would greatly enhance the utility of the data to the users.
On Orbit Design Life
The seven year period during which the satellite must meet all operational requirements.
Operational AvailabilityOperational Availability (AO) is defined as the probability that a system is operable and ready to perform its mission at any given time. AO is a function of mean time between critical failure (MTBCF) and mean time to restore functions (MTTRF) and shall be calculated as:
Operational Service Life
The period of time that the NPOESS system has to be fully operational after IOC.
Operations Security (OPSEC)Actions taken or plans developed to protect information, classified or unclassified, which could reveal system plans, procedures, or missions.Particle Size ParameterThe Angstrom wavelength exponent, alpha, defined as: a = - ln (tau)/ln (lambda)where tau is optical thickness, lambda is wavelength, ln denotes natural logarithm, and denotes the difference between optical thickness measurements at two different wavelengths.PayloadUsed to refer to the combination of the of the mission sensors and the SDC and S&R sensors carried by the spacecraft . The term may also be used to refer to the satellite when it is still mated to the launch vehicle.
Point Spread Function (PSF)See System Point Spread Function.Precipitable Water ContentThe total amount of water and ice contained in a vertical column of the atmosphere.Primary EDREDR for which a sensor contractor has been assigned primary sensor and algorithm development responsibility, either under all conditions or prescribed conditions (e.g., clear versus cloudy conditions). The algorithm may or may not require the use of additional data from other sensors for which the EDR is not primary. Probability of Correct Typing
Probability that a horizontal cell reported as being of type x is in fact of type x, where x is any
allowed type.
Radiance Reference LevelsIn the reference 0.4 - 1.0 µm bandpass, an overhead sun at nadir produces a radiance of 2.65x10-2 W/cm2-sr at the location of the satellite for an earth surface albedo of unity; the radiance is 5.7x10-4 W/cm2-sr when the terminator is at nadir.Raw Data Records (RDRs)Full resolution, unprocessed digital sensor data, time-referenced and earthlocated (or orbit-located for in-situ measurements), with radiometric and geometric calibration coefficients appended, but not applied, to the data. Aggregates (sums or weighted averages) of detector samples are considered to be full resolution data if the aggregation is normally performed to meet resolution and other requirements. Sensor data should be unprocessed with the following exceptions: time delay and integration (TDI), detector array non-uniformity correction (i.e., offset and responsivity equalization), and lossless data compression are allowed. All calibration data will be retained and communicated to the ground without lossy compression. Note that for the real time transmission of raw data to field terminals, lossy compression is allowed. Additionally, reduced resolution is allowed in transmission of raw data to low data rate field terminals.Regional ResolutionThe smallest scale horizontal spatial resolution or horizontal cell size defined in Appendix D required by Centrals over specified regions. These regions might not be contiguous. Note that data at "regional resolution" is also transmitted to high data rate field terminals. Reporting FrequencyThe mean time between successive reports of an EDR. Where reporting frequency is specified "per orbit" or "per satellite", it is the mean time between successive reports of an EDR based on measurements from a single satellite. (Reporting frequency applies to EDR parameters that are not associated with localized portions of the earth's surface or a column of the atmosphere, e.g., in situ measurements, solar irradiance measurements, etc. The times between consecutive observations of a parameter associated with a localized portion of the earth's surface or a column of the atmosphere are described by a constellation dependent distribution which varies from place to place. The attributes "maximum local average revisit time" and "maximum local refresh", which are defined in terms of these earth location dependent distributions, are used for these EDR parameters.)
Sample Size Error
The standard deviation of a function of a finite set of estimates of a parameter. These estimates may be the result of direct measurement, indirect measurement, or algorithmic derivation. The standard deviation is based on the ensemble of all possible finite sets of estimates. Sample size error is a measure of the width of the probability distribution of a function of a finite set of estimates.
If N(x1, x2, …, xN) is a parameter depending on N estimates of a parameter x, i.e., x1, x2, …, xN, the sample size error is given by the following formula:
SN = (N(x1, x2, …, xN) - N(x1, x2, …, xN) )21/2
where … denotes the expectation value over the ensemble of all possible sets of N estimates of x.
The measurement accuracy, precision, uncertainty, and short-term mean (see definition of long term stability) are all examples of functions of a finite set of estimates of a parameter.
SatelliteThe spacecraft and its sensor payload. Sea Ice PropertiesIce properties of the polar regions, including concentration, thickness, age, lead concentration, polynya concentration, iceberg distribution, etc.Sea Surface TopographyThe height of the sea surface relative to the center of mass of the earth.Secondary EDREDR for which a sensor may provide data as a secondary input to an EDR algorithm assigned as a primary EDR to another sensor contractor, either under all conditions or prescribed conditions (e.g., clear versus cloudy conditions). Secondary Mission CapabilityThe secondary mission capability is provided when mission sensors other than the Imager and Profiler Suites are capable of delivering their RDRs to the C3S and IDPS as required.SensorThe mission-peculiar equipment or instrument to be manifested on a given space mission. Sensor Data Records (SDRs)Full resolution sensor data that are time referenced, earthlocated (or orbit-located for in-situ measurements), and calibrated by applying the ancillary information including radiometric and geometric calibration coefficients and georeferencing parameters such as platform ephemeris. These data are processed to sensor units (e.g. radar backscatter cross section, brightness temperature, radiance, etc.). Calibration, ephemeris, and any other ancilliary data necessary to convert the sensor units back to sensor raw data (counts) are included.Sensor SuiteOne or more sensors needed to satisfy the EDR requirements allocated to a given Sensor Requirements Document (SRD). It does not include sensors from other SRD suites which provide secondary data contributions to those EDRs.Short Term Stability (TBR)Shortwave RadiationThe solar radiation that is reflected back by the Earth and the atmosphere. It is generally in the spectral wavelength interval between 0.3 and 4 micrometers.Significant Wave HeightThe average height of the largest one-third of the actual waves observed.
Soil MoistureMoisture in the soil within the zone of aeration in cm/m (cm of water per meter of soil depth), including water vapor present in soil pores.SpacecraftThe components and subsystems which support the sensor(s) and provide housekeeping functions such as orbit and attitude maintenance, navigation, power, command, telemetry and data handling, structure, rigidity, alignment, heater power, temperature measurements, etc..Space SegmentThe satellites (i.e., the spacecraft and their sensors) and their support equipment. Spectral IndexSlope of the irregularity power spectrum of the electron energy density between two inverse scale lengths. System Point Spread Function (PSF)The end-to-end system response due to a point source at infinity in a given bandpass. In this TRD the PSF is considered to be a function of distance along the ground in two orthogonal directions. (A point source on the ground is considered to be "at infinity".) The PSF is normalized so that the two dimensional integral over the two orthogonal distance variables is equal to one. For a linear system, the system PSF can be expressed as a multiple convolution of the PSFs associated with all system components that contribute to the conversion of input radiance to the system output, e.g., the optics, detectors, signal and data processing. TelemetryHealth and status data of the satellite including command authentication.Temperature Data Records (TDRs)
Geolocated antenna temperatures derived from microwave sensor data, together with all calibration, ephemeris, and other ancillary data necessary to convert the antenna temperatures back to sensor raw data (counts)TEMPESTShort name referring to the investigation, study, and control of compromising emanations from telecommunications and automated information systems equipment.ThresholdThe less stringent of the two requirements imposed on each measured or derived parameter. The more stringent requirement is the "objective". (See definition above.) Failure to meet a threshold requirement for a non-key parameter renders the utility of the System questionable, at least to some segment of the user community. Failure to meet a threshold requirement for a key parameter is much more serious and places the entire program at risk. (See definition of "key parameter" above.)TidesThe periodic component of the sea surface topography induced by the gravitational interaction between the earth, moon, and sun.TimelinessElapsed time between the initiation of the measurement(s) necessary to generate an estimate of an environmental data characteristic and delivery of the EDR containing the estimate to the user site.Total Water ContentTotal water content has two components: 1) Total columnar cloud liquid water content (CLWC), and 2) Total columnar integrated water vapor (TIWV).True ValueTrue value is defined in terms of (TBR) ground truth generally accepted in the user community. When the output of the sensor is folded into atmospheric, radiative transfer and other models to produce EDRs, the measurement uncertainty of the EDR need not be traceable to an absolute reference standard e.g. those maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The proof of meeting the measurement accuracy, precision, uncertainty, and long term stability requirements has to be accomplished by analysis, laboratory measurements, simulations, and comparisons to ground based observations. The proof should include both sensor characteristics and the processing algorithms.Unique Support Equipment (PSE)Support equipment especially designed for use with a specific system and usable only on that system.UsersThe people such as weather forecasters who employ the obtained environmental data.Vegetation IndexThe identification of the predominant vegetation and/or soil type in a given area (see Appendix D for details).Vertical Cell SizeFor a parameter which is an estimate of the uniform spatial average of an environmental parameter within a square layer of the atmosphere, the vertical thickness of this layer. (For a parameter which is an estimate of an environmental parameter at a point, the vertical cell size is defined to be zero.)Vertical CoverageThe vertical spatial extent of the region within which estimates of an environmental parameter are made and reported.Vertical Reporting IntervalThe spacing between nearest neighbor points along a local vertical at which an environmental parameter is estimated and reported. (This term is referred to as vertical sampling interval in the IORD; the terminology has been changed to avoid misinterpretation as an sensor measurement sampling interval.)Visible RadiationThe radiation that the human eye senses as part of the process of "seeing". It is generally in the spectral wavelength interval between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers. The blue end is near 0.4 micrometers and the red end is near 0.7 micrometers.Wavelength CategoriesVisible/InfraredVisible: 0.4 - 0.7 µmNIR: Near Infrared 0.7 - 1.5 µmSWIR: Short Wave Infrared 1.5 - 3 µmMWIR: Medium Wave Infrared 3 - 5 µmLWIR: Long Wave Infrared 5 - 50 µm
SURVIVABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Appendix B contains NPOESS survivability requirements and is classified. If applicable, Appendix B will be made available after contract award.
SENSOR DATA RECORD (SDR) CHARACTERISTICS (TBR)
APPENDIX D
NPOESS SYSTEM EDR REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX D. NPOESS SYSTEM EDR REQUIREMENTS 140.1 Conventions/General EDR Requirements. 440.1.1 Requirements Format. 440.1.2 Key EDRs/Attributes. 440.1.3 Attribute Values. 440.1.4 Attribute Values Expressed as Percentages. 440.1.5 Vertical Height. 440.1.6 Specification of Attributes at Nadir. 440.1.7 Impact of Weather Conditions on EDR Requirements. 540.2 Key EDRs. 540.2.1 *Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile. 540.2.2 *Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile. 740.2.3 *Imagery. 840.2.3.1 Explicit EDR Requirements. 840.2.3.2 Application-Related Requirements (TBR). 940.2.3.2.1 Manually Generated Cloud Data. 940.2.3.2.1.1 Cloud Cover. 1040.2.3.2.1.2 Cloud Type. 1040.2.3.2.2 Sea Ice Data. 1140.2.3.2.2.1 Ice Edge Location. 1140.2.3.2.2.2 Ice Concentration. 1240.2.4 *Sea Surface Temperature (SST). 1340.2.5 *Sea Surface Winds (Speed and Direction). 1440.2.6 *Soil Moisture. 1540.3 Atmospheric EDRs. 1540.3.1 Aerosols. 1540.3.1.1 Aerosol Optical Thickness. 1540.3.1.2 Aerosol Particle Size Parameter. 1740.3.1.3 Suspended Matter. 1840.3.2 Ozone Total Column/Profile (DOC) 1840.3.3 Precipitable Water. 2040.3.4 Precipitation (Type, Rate). 2040.3.5 Pressure Profile.(TBR) 2040.3.6 Total Water Content. 2140.4 Cloud EDRs. 2240.4.1 Cloud Base Height. 2240.4.2 Cloud Cover/Layers. 2240.4.3 Cloud Effective Particle Size. 2340.4.4 Cloud Ice Water Path (DOC). 2340.4.5 Cloud Liquid Water. 2440.4.6 Cloud Optical Thickness (IORD Name: Cloud Optical Depth/Transmissivity) 2440.4.7 Cloud Top Height. 2540.4.8 Cloud Top Pressure (DOC). 2540.4.9 Cloud Top Temperature. 2640.5 Earth Radiation Budget EDRs 2740.5.1 Absorbed Solar Radiation (IORD Name: Net Shortwave Radiation) (DOC). 2740.5.2 Albedo (Surface). 2740.5.3 Downward Longwave Radiation (Surface) (DOC). 2740.5.4 Downward Shortwave Radiation (Surface) (IORD Name: Insolation) (DOC). 2840.5.5 Outgoing Longwave Radiation (Top of Atmosphere) (IORD Name: Total Longwave Radiation) (DOC). 2840.5.6 Solar Irradiance (DOC). 2940.6 Land EDRs. 2940.6.1 Land Surface Temperature. 2940.6.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (TBR). 3040.6.3 Snow Cover/Depth. 3040.6.4 Vegetation Index/Surface Type. 3140.7 Ocean/Water EDRs 3240.7.1 Currents (DoD-coastal; DOC-surface) 3240.7.2 Fresh Water Ice. 3340.7.3 Ice Surface Temperature. 3440.7.4 Littoral Sediment Transport. 3440.7.5 Net Heat Flux. 3540.7.6 Ocean Color/Chlorophyll. 3540.7.7 Ocean Wave Characteristics (TBR). 3640.7.8 Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Edge Motion. 3740.7.9 Sea Surface Height. 3840.7.10 Surface Wind Stress (DOC). (TBR) 3840.7.11 Mass Loading (TBR) (IORD Title - Turbidity). 3940.8 Space Environmental EDRs (TBR) 3940.8.1 Auroral Boundary 3940.8.2 Total Auroral Energy Deposition 4040.8.3 Auroral Imagery 4040.8.4 Electric Fields 4140.8.5 Electron Density Profiles/Ionospheric Specification 4140.8.6 Geomagnetic Field 4240.8.7 In-situ Ion Drift Velocity 4340.8.8 In-situ Plasma Density 4340.8.9 In-situ Plasma Fluctuations 4340.8.10 In-situ Plasma Temperatures 4440.8.11 Ionospheric Scintillation 4440.8.12 Neutral Density Profiles/Neutral Atmospheric Specification 4540.8.13 Radiation Belt/Low Energy Solar Particles 4540.8.14 Solar/Galactic Cosmic Rays 4640.8.15 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Flux 4740.8.16 Supra-Thermal through Auroral Particles 4740.8.17 Upper Atmospheric Airglow (TBR). 4840.9 Notes on Space Enviromental EDRs 4940.9.1 Auroral Boundary 4940.9.2 Total Auroral Energy Deposition 5040.9.3 Auroral Imagery 5040.9.4 Electric Fields 5040.9.5 Electron Density Profiles/Ionospheric Specification 5040.9.6 Geomagnetic Field 5040.9.7 In-situ Ion Drift Velocity 5140.9.8 In-situ Plasma Density 5140.9.9 In-situ Plasma Fluctuations 5140.9.10 In-situ Plasma Temperatures 5140.9.11 Ionospheric Scintillation 5140.9.12 Neutral Density Profiles/Neutral Atmospheric Specification 5140.9.13 Radiation Belt/Low Energy Solar Particles 5140.9.14 Solar/Galactic Cosmic Rays 5140.9.15 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Flux 5140.9.16 Supra-Thermal through Auroral Particles. 5140.9.17 Upper Atmospheric Airglow (TBR) 5140.1 CONVENTIONS/GENERAL EDR REQUIREMENTS
EDR requirements are specified by a general definition of the required data content, the units for the reported data, and a set of attributes. These attributes fall into four categories: (1) those that further define data content in a precise, quantitative manner, (2) those that constrain the quality of the data to be provided, (3) those that constrain the reporting frequency for the EDR, and (4) the timeliness of EDR delivery to users. The attributes addressing data content are horizontal and vertical cell size, horizontal and vertical reporting interval, and horizontal and vertical coverage. The attributes addressing data quality are measurement uncertainty, measurement accuracy, measurement precision, long term stability, and mapping uncertainty. The primary attributes addressing reporting frequency are maximum local average revisit time and maximum local refresh.. All of these attributes apply to data products, not to sensor performance characteristics, and are defined in the Glossary. The EDR requirements format is to address the data content attributes first, then the data quality attributes, and finally the reporting frequency attributes. The timeliness requirement is the same for all EDRs, and is specified as a global requirement in the "Data Availability" section (Sec. 3.2.1.2).
General EDR requirements fall into two classes: (a) explicit requirements on the EDR content, quality, refresh, and timeliness, and (b) requirements to be derived by the contractor based on requirements for other EDRs. The explicit and application-related requirements are specified below.
TRD40.1.1-1
If a derived requirement conflicts with an explicit requirement and/or another derived requirement, the most stringent requirement shall be satisfied.
Attributes marked with an asterisk are key attributes. A key EDR is one for which at least one attribute is key. Key EDRs are marked with an asterisk. Key attribute names and values are also in bold font. Compliance with the TRD requires satisfaction of all EDR thresholds, whether the attribute or its EDR is key or not.
Unless otherwise specified, attribute values are to be interpreted as upper bounds anywhere in the area where measurements are obtained, including the edge of the measuring sensor field of regard. A threshold or objective is "met" or "satisfied" if the system performance value is less than or equal to the specified value.
Unless otherwise specified, a percentage appearing as a value for an attribute is to be interpreted as the percentage of the true value of the attribute. For any attribute where a percentage and a numerical value are specified, the greater of the two is the requirement.
Vertical height is measured either by atmospheric pressure or by height above the earth's surface. A value of zero km for height refers to the earth's surface. Negative values of height refer to depth below the earth's surface (land or water).
Specification of horizontal cell size or horizontal spatial resolution at nadir does not imply that data must be acquired from a cross-track scanning sensor. The data may be acquired from a conically scanning sensor or any other sensor as long as the horizontal cell size or resolution along the satellite ground track does not exceed the nadir upper bound. For an EDR for which horizontal cell size is specified only at nadir, cell size is allowed to grow away from nadir as a normal function of the look angle.
The requirements for "clear" conditions are more stringent and apply when atmospheric conditions are such that infrared sensing (or any comparably capable technology) can be applied. The requirements for "cloudy" conditions are less stringent and apply when atmospheric conditions preclude the use of infrared sensing (or any comparably capable technology), but which can be met by microwave sensing (or any comparably capable technology). For guidance purposes, the government recommends that "clear" refer to less than 50 % cloud cover and "cloudy" refer to greater than or equal to 50 % cloud cover. Except for cloud EDRs and Space Environment EDRs, which must be met regardless of cloud cover, specification of whether an EDR must be met under clear and/or cloudy conditions is provided for each EDR.
TRD40.1.7-1
The contractor shall specify the conditions under which the requirement to deliver an EDR meeting data content and quality requirements will not be met, regardless of whether it is clear or cloudy.
TRD40.1.7-2
The contractor shall also specify the conditions under which it would recommend delivering an EDR which is incomplete and/or of degraded quality but which is still of potential utility to one or more users.
An atmospheric vertical moisture profile is a set of estimates of average mixing ratio in three-dimensional cells centered on specified points along a local vertical. For this EDR, horizontal cell size is specified at nadir only. The mixing ratio of a sample of air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in the sample to the mass of dry air in the sample.
Units: gm/kg
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.2.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 15 km @ nadir 2 km @ nadir
40.2.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.2.1-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 2 km 2 km
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
40.2.1-4 1. surface to 850 mb 20 mb 5 mb
40.2.1-5 2. 850 mb to 100 mb 50 mb 15 mb
40.2.1-6 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.2.1-7 f. Vertical Coverage Surface to 100 Surface to 100
mb mb
40.2.1-8 g. Measurement Range 0 - 30 g/kg 0 - 30 g/km
h. *Measurement Uncertainy 10 %/ 2 km
(expressed as a percent of layers
average mixing ratio in 2 km
layers)
Clear
40.2.1-9 1. *surface to 600 mb 20% or 10%
0.2g/kg (TBR)
40.2.1-10 2. 600 mb to 300 mb 35% or 0.1g/kg 10%
(TBR)
40.2.1-11 3. 300 mb to 100 mb 35% or 0.1g/kg 10%
(TBR)
Cloudy (TBR)
40.2.1-12 4. *surface to 600 mb 20% or 0.2g/kg 10%
(TBR)
40.2.1-13 5. 600 mb to 300 mb 40% or 0.1g/kg 10%
(TBR)
40.2.1-14 6. 300 mb to 100 mb 40% or 0.1g/kg 10%
(TBR)
40.2.1-15 i. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
40.2.1-16 j. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.2.1-17 k. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
An atmospheric temperature profile is a set of estimates of the average atmospheric temperature in three-dimensional cells centered on specified points along a local vertical.
Units: K
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.2.2-1 1. Clear, nadir 18.5 km 5 km
40.2.2-2 2. Clear, worst case 100 km (TBD)
40.2.2-3 3. Cloudy, nadir 40 km 5 km
40.2.2-4 4. Cloudy, worst case 50 km (TBD)
40.2.2-5 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Vertical Cell Size
Clear
40.2.2-6 1. surface to 300 mb 1 km (TBD)
40.2.2-7 2. 300 mb to 30 mb 3 km (TBD)
40.2.2-8 3. 30 mb to 1 mb 5 km (TBD)
40.2.2-9 4. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 5 km (TBD)
Cloudy
40.2.2-10 5. surface to 700 mb 1 km (TBD)
40.2.2-11 6. 700 mb to 300mb 1 km (TBD)
40.2.2-12 7. 300 mb to 30 mb 3 km (TBD)
40.2.2-13 8. 30 mb to 1 mb 5 km (TBD)
40.2.2-14 9. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 5 km (TBD)
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
40.2.2-15 1. surface to 850 mb 20 mb 15 mb
40.2.2-16 2. 850 mb to 300 mb 50 mb 15 mb
40.2.2-17 3. 300 mb to 100 mb 25 mb 15 mb
40.2.2-18 4. 100 mb to 10 mb 20 mb 10 mb
40.2.2-19 5. 10 mb to 1 mb 2 mb 1 mb
40.2.2-20 6. 1 mb to 0.1 mb 0.2 mb 0.1 mb
40.2.2-21 7. 0.1 mb to 0.01 mb 0.02 mb 0.01 mb
40.2.2-22 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.2.2-23 f. Vertical Coverage surface to 0.01 Surface to
mb 0.01 mb
40.2.2-24 g. Measurement Range 180-335 K(TBR) (TBD)
40.2.2-25 h. *Measurement Uncertainty 0.5 K
Clear
40.2.2-26 1. *surface to 300 mb 1.6 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-27 2. 300 mb to 30 mb 1.5 K/ 3 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-28 3. 30 mb to 1 mb 1.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-29 4. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 3.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
Cloudy (TBR)
40.2.2-30 5. *surface to 700 mb 2.5 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-31 6. 700 mb to 300 mb 1.5 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-32 7. 300 mb to 30 mb 1.5 K/ 3 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-33 8. 30 mb to 1 1.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
mb layer
40.2.2-34 9. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 3.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
40.2.2-35 i. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
40.2.2-36 j. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.2.2-37 k. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Imagery requirements fall into three classes: (a) explicit requirements on the EDR content, quality, reporting frequency, and timeliness, (b) requirements to be derived based on specific applications utilizing the imagery EDR, such as manual generation of cloud and sea ice data, and (c) requirements to be derived by the contractor based on requirements for other EDRs supported by the imagery. The explicit and application-related requirements are specified below. (Automated generation of cloud data is addressed in other EDRs and therefore will not be addressed below.)
Imagery is defined as the measured locally-averaged upwelling radiance or equivalent black body temperature from the earth's surface and atmosphere in one or more spectral bands, where the local averages are reported for the points of a two-dimensional approximately rectangular lattice. (The lattice is only approximately rectangular because of the curvature of the earth.) The form of the weighting function that determines the local average is constrained by the horizontal spatial resolution requirement. The number of spectral bands, band limit values, measurement ranges, and measurement uncertainty requirements are to be derived based on the application-related requirements given below and on the requirements of other EDRs supported by the imagery. However, at least one daytime visible, one nighttime visible, and at least one IR channel are required. Daytime and nighttime visible imagery must be merged so as to minimize the apparent transition across the terminator. Unless otherwise specified, the explicit EDR requirements below apply to each spectral band that is required for the Application-Related requirements of section 40.2.3.2 and at a minimum, to at least one daytime visible, one nighttime visible, and one IR channel (TBR). The explicit horizontal spatial resolution and mapping uncertainty requirements specified below do not apply to microwave imagery.
TRD40.2.3.1-1
Brightness temperatures from each microwave channel and polarization, if applicable, shall be available for display at the sampled resolution.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. *Horizontal Spatial
Resolution (HSR)
40.2.3.1- 1. Global, at nadir 1.0 km (TBD)
2
40.2.3.1- 2. Global, worst case 2.4 km 0.65 km
3
40.2.3.1- 3. Regional, at nadir 0.4 km (TBD)
4
40.2.3.1- 4. Regional, worst case 0.8 km 0.1 km
5
40.2.3.1- 5. Nighttime Visible, worst 2.6 km 0.65 km
6 case
40.2.3.1- b. Horizontal Reporting Less than or Less than or
7 Interval equal to equal to
actual HSR actual HSR
(gapless or (gapless or
near gapless near gapless
coverage) coverage)
c. Horizontal Coverage
40.2.3.1- 1. Global Global Global
8 Resolution Resolution
40.2.3.1- 2. Regional Up to 1/2 Up to 1/2
9 orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable commandable
by SOC by SOC
d. Measurement Range
40.2.3.1- 1. Nighttime visible 4E-9 - 7E-4 Includes
10 W/cm2-sr in threshold
0.4-1.0 mm range; aurora
band, or & city lights
equivalent in don't saturate
another band imagery
40.2.3.1- 2. Other bands Derived Derived
11
40.2.3.1- e. Measurement Uncertainty Derived Derived
12
f. Mapping Uncertainty
40.2.3.1- 1. At nadir 3 km (TBD)
13
40.2.3.1- 2. Worst case 4 km 0.5 km
14
40.2.3.1- g. *Maximum Local Average 4 hrs (TBD)
15 Revisit Time
40.2.3.1- h. *Maximum Local Refresh 6 hrs (TBD)
16
40.2.3.1- At any (TBD)
17 I. *Fraction of Revisit Times location at
Less Than a Specified Value least 75% of
the revisit
times will be
4 hours or
less.
40.2.3.2 Application-Related Requirements (TBR)
The content, quality, and reporting frequency of the imagery shall suffice to support the following application-related requirements. These requirements, together with requirements of other EDRs supported by the imagery, determine the derived requirements in the explicit EDR requirement set above and may drive specified values of non-derived attributes to more stringent values. The content of the application-related data products is not part of the content of the imagery EDR. It is assumed that flowdown of application-related requirements to explicit imagery requirements will be performed by contractor simulation and modeling
Manually generated cloud data are estimates of cloud cover and cloud type generated by a human analyst viewing the unprocessed and/or processed imagery derived from the unprocessed imagery, e.g., by data fusion, spatial rescaling, image enhancement, etc.
Cloud cover is defined as the fraction of a given area on the earth's surface for which a locally normal line segment extending between two given altitudes intersects a detectable cloud as defined in the Glossary. For manual analyses, cloud cover is estimated for a single atmospheric layer. Specifically, the altitudes are defined to be the surface of the earth and the altitude where the pressure is 0.1 mb. Haze, smoke, dust, and rain are not to be considered clouds. Cloud cover estimates are generated by a human analyst viewing unprocessed and/or processed imagery for contiguous square areas having side length equal to the horizontal cell size specified below.
Units: Dimensionless
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.2.3.2-1 1. Global 4 (TBR) times 2 times global
global HSR HSR
40.2.3.2-2 2. Regional 4 (TBR) times 2 times
regional HSR regional HSR
40.2.3.2-3 b. Horizontal Reporting Horizontal Horizontal
Interval cell size cell size
40.2.3.2-4 c. Measurement Range 0 - 1, 0.1 0 - 1, 0.1
increments increments
40.2.3.2-5 d. Measurement Uncertainty 0.1 0.1
Cloud types are defined as follows:
(1) Altocumulus (AC)
(2) Altocumulus Castellanus (ACCAS)
(3) Altocumulus (standing lenticular) (ACSL)
(4) Altostratus (AS)
(5) Cirrocumulus (CC)
(6) Cirrocumulus (standing lenticular) (CCSL)
(7) Cirrostratus (CS)
(8) Cirrus (CI)
(9) Cumulonimbus (CB)
(10) Cumulonimbus mama (Mammatocumulus) (CBMAM)
(11) Cumulus (CU)
(12) Cumulus Fractus (CUFRA)
(13) Towering Cumulus (TCU)
(14) Stratus Fractus (STFRA)
(15) Nimbostratus (NS)
(16) Stratocumulus (SC)
(17) Stratocumulus (standing lenticular) (SCSL)
(18) Stratus (ST)
Cloud typing not only entails a capability to distinguish between clouds of different type, but also a capability to distinguish clouds from other features, such as snow, cold water, cold land, haze, smoke, dust, etc. Therefore, the following additional types are defined:
(19) Obscured/not cloudy
(20) Clear
A given area is classified (TBR) as "obscured/not cloudy" if there are no detectable clouds within the atmosphere overlying the area and if the average vertical LOS extinction optical thickness of the atmosphere overlying the area is > 0.03 (TBR). A given area is classified (TBR) as "clear" if there are no detectable clouds as defined above overlying the area and if the average vertical LOS extinction optical thickness of the atmosphere overlying the area is < 0.03 (TBR). Note that other EDRs require the type of non-cloud obscuration to be discerned and identified, e.g., smoke, dust, sand, ash, etc.
Typing is performed by a human analyst viewing unprocessed and/or processed imagery for contiguous square areas having side length equal to the horizontal cell size specified below. The probability of correct typing is defined as the probability that a cell reported as being of type x is in fact of type x, where x is any of the types specified above.
Units: N/A
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.2.3.2.1.2 1. Global 10 times global 2 times global
-1 HSR HSR
40.2.3.2.1.2 2. Regional 10 times 2 times
-2 regional HSR regional HSR
40.2.3.2.1.2 b. Horizontal Reporting Horizontal cell Horizontal
-3 Interval size cell size
40.2.3.2.1.2 c. Measurement Range clear, clear,
-4 obscured/not obscured/not
cloudy, ST, CU, cloudy, all 18
CI cloud types
d. Probability of Correct
Typing
40.2.3.2.1.2 1. Global 85 % 90 %
-5
40.2.3.2.1.2 2. Regional 85 % 90 %
-6
Sea ice data may be generated interactively by a human analyst viewing unprocessed or processed imagery at a computer workstation, or automatically via an algorithm. In addition to determination of ice edge location and ice concentration as described below, analysts will attempt to determine the thickness and size of leads and polynyas based on the imagery
An ice edge is defined as the boundary between ice-covered sea water (ice concentration > 0.1(TBR)) and sea water not covered by ice (ice concentration < 0.1(TBR)). Ice concentration is defined as the fraction of a given area sea or water covered by ice. An ice edge is typically provided as a contour on a map or in digital form as a set of latitude/longitude coordinates. The ice edge location error is defined as the distance between the estimated location of an ice edge and the nearest location of a true ice edge.
Units: Degrees latitude and longitude
Para. No Thresholds Objectives
40.2.3.2.2. a. Horizontal North of 36 deg North of 36 deg
1-1 Coverage north latitude, north latitude,
south of 50 deg south of 50 deg
south latitude for south latitude for
sea ice. sea ice.
40.2.3.2.2. b. Measurement Range Any latitude, Any latitude,
1-2 longitude within longitude within
coverage domain coverage domain
c. Measurement
Uncertainty
40.2.3.2.2. 1. Global/Clear 1 km (TBD)
1-3
40.2.3.2.2. 2. Global/Cloudy 10 km (TBD)
1-4
40.2.3.2.2. 3. Regional/Clear 1 km (TBD)
1-5
40.2.3.2.2. 4. Regional/Cloudy 10 km (TBD)
1-6
40.2.3.2.2.2 Ice Concentration
Ice concentration is defined as the fraction of a given area of sea water covered by ice. It is typically derived from imagery and reported on ocean geographical charts for areas between contours generated by an analyst.
Units: Dimensionless
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
40.2.3.2.2. a. Horizontal North of 36 (TBR) deg North of 36 deg
2-1 Coverage north latitude, south north latitude,
of 50 deg south south of 50 deg
latitude for sea ice. south latitude
for sea ice.
40.2.3.2.2. b. Measurement 0 - 1, 0.1 increments 0 - 1, 0.1
2-2 Range increments
40.2.3.2.2. c. Measurement 0.1 0.1
2-3 Uncertainty
Sea surface temperature (SST) is defined as the skin temperature of the ocean surface water. The measured radiances should enable the derivation of both skin and surface layer (1 meter depth) sea surface temperature to the specifications listed below, though an EDR algorithm is only required for skin temperature. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units: K
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. *Horizontal Cell Size
40.2.4-1 1. Global, at nadir 3 km 1 km
40.2.4-2 2. Global, worst case 4 km (TBD)
40.2.4-3 3. *Regional, at nadir 1 km 0.25 km
40.2.4-4 4. Regional, worst case 1.3 km (TBD)
40.2.4-5 b. Horizontal Reporting Local Horizontal Local Horizontal
Interval Cell Size Cell Size
c. Horizontal Coverage
40.2.4-6 1. Global Oceans Oceans
40.2.4-7 2. Regional Oceans, up to 1/2 Oceans, up to 1/2
orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable by commandable by
SOC SOC
40.2.4-8 d. Measurement Range 271 K - 313 K 271 K - 313 K
40.2.4-9 e. *Measurement 0.5 K (TBR) 0.1 K
Uncertainty
40.2.4-1 f. Measurement Accuracy 0.2 K 0.1 K
0
40.2.4-1 g. Measurement Precision (TBD) 0.1K
1
h. Mapping Uncertainty
40.2.4-1 1. Global, at nadir 1 km 0.5 km
2
40.2.4-1 2. Global, worst case 3 km (TBD)
3
40.2.4-1 3. Regional, at nadir 1 km 0.1 km
4
40.2.4-1 4. Regional, worst case 3 km (TBD)
5
40.2.4-1 i. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
6 Revisit Time
40.2.4-1 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
7
40.2.5 *Sea Surface Winds (Speed and Direction)
Atmospheric wind speed and direction at the sea/atmosphere interface. This parameter is to be reported at 19.5 meters above sea level.
Units:
Speed, m/s.
Direction, degrees from geographic (true) north.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.2.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 1 km
40.2.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.2.5-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
d. Measurement Range
40.2.5-4 1. Speed 3 - 25 m/s 1 - 50 m/s
40.2.5-5 2. Direction 0 - 360 deg 0 - 360 deg
e. *Measurement
Accuracy
40.2.5-6 1. *Speed 2 m/s or 20 % of 1 m/s or 10 % of
true value, true value,
whichever is whichever is
greater greater
40.2.5-7 2. Direction 20 deg for wind 10 deg
speeds greater
than 8 m/s.
45 deg (TBR) for
wind speeds less
than 8 m/s
f. Measurement
Precision
40.2.5-8 1. Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s
40.2.5-9 2. Direction 10 deg 10 deg
40.2.5-10 g. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
40.2.5-11 h. Maximum Local 6 hrs 1 hrs
Average Revisit Time
40.2.5-12 i. Maximum Local (TBD) (TBD)
Refresh
Total water in all phases in the soil or in a surface layer over soil. The threshold requirement is to measure soil moisture only within a thin layer at the surface (0.1 cm thick) and only for bare soil in regions with known soil types. The objective is to measure a moisture profile for any soil, whether bare or not, and whether or not the soil type is known.
Units: cm/m (cm of water per meter of soil depth)
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.2.6-1 1. Clear, at nadir (TBR) 1 km (TBD)
40.2.6-2 2. Clear, worst case (TBR) 4 km 2 km
40.2.6-3 3. Cloudy, at nadir 40 km 2 km
40.2.6-4 4. Cloudy, worst case 50 km (TBD)
40.2.6-5 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.2.6-6 c. Vertical Cell Size 0.1 cm 5 cm
40.2.6-7 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (single 5 cm
Interval value
reported)
40.2.6-8 e. Horizontal Coverage Land Land
40.2.6-9 f. *Vertical Coverage (TBR) surface to Surface to -80
-0.1 cm (skin cm
layer)
40.2.6-10 g. Measurement Range 0 - 100 cm/m 0 - 100 cm/m
(TBR)
h. Measurement Uncertainty
40.2.6-11 1. Clear, Bare soil in 10 cm/m (TBR) Surface: 1 cm/m
regions with known soil Total 80 cm
types (smaller horizontal column: greater
cell size) of 5% or 0.013
cm/m (130 g/m3)
40.2.6-12 2. Cloudy , Bare soil in 20 cm/m (TBR) Surface: 1 cm/m
regions with known soil Total 80 cm
types (greater horizontal column: greater
cell size) of 5% or 0.013
cm/m (130 g/m3)
40.2.6-13 i. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
40.2.6-14 j. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.2.6-15 k. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Aerosols are defined as suspensions of liquid droplets or solid particles in the atmosphere. Aerosols include, but are not limited to, smoke, dust, sand, volcanic ash, sea spray, polar stratospheric clouds, and smog. Water and ice clouds are also aerosols, but because of the frequency of their occurrence and their importance to military operations, they are addressed separately in another EDR (See Sec. 40.2.3, Imagery).
Aerosol optical thickness, for this EDR, is defined (TBS) as the extinction (scattering + absorption) vertical optical thickness of aerosols in the 0.4 to 1.0 um band in atmospheric layers of specified height and thickness. The narrow bands used to derive the aerosol particle size parameter may be used to derive aerosol optical thickness in the 0.4 to 1.0 mm band. Optical thickness (t) is related to transmission (t) by t= exp (-t). The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units: Dimensionless
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
40.3.1.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 10 km 1 km
40.3.1.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.3.1.1-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 30 km (Total 50 km
Column)
40.3.1.1-4 1. 0 - 2 km N/A 0.25 km
40.3.1.1-5 2. 2 - 5 km N/A 0.5 km
40.3.1.1-6 3. > 5 km N/A 1 km
40.3.1.1-7 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (Total Vertical
Interval Column) cell size
40.3.1.1-8 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.3.1.1-9 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 30 km 0 - 50 km
40.3.1.1-1 g. Measurement Range 0 - 2 0 - 10
0
h. Measurement Accuracy 0.03 (TBR) over
40.3.1.1-1 1. Over Ocean ocean, 0.01
1 2. Over Land 0.2 (TBR) over 0.1
40.3.1.1-1 land
2
40.3.1.1-1 i. Measurement Precision 0.03 0.01
3
40.3.1.1-1 j. Long Term Stability 0.01 0.003
4
40.3.1.1-1 k. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
5
40.3.1.1-1 l. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs (TBR) 4hrs(TBR)
6 Revisit Time
40.3.1.1-1 m. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
7
The aerosol particle size parameter, for this EDR, is defined (TBR) as the Angstrom wavelength exponent "alpha" (a), where
a = - D ln t/D ln l
t is the extinction (scattering + absorption) vertical optical thickness of the aerosols within specified layers of the atmosphere, and l is wavelength within the visible/infrared spectrum (< 10 mm). Measurements of optical thickness in at least two different narrow wavelength bands are required to measure, and the "delta" in the above equation refers to the difference between the measurements in these two bands. The two narrow bands should be separated by at least 200 nm in wavelength. If the aerosol particle size distribution is given by an inverse power law, such as a Junge distribution, then alpha can be related to the exponent in the power law. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units: Dimensionless.
Para. Thresholds Objectives No. 40.3.1.2- a. Horizontal Cell Size 10 km 1 km 1 40.3.1.2- b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD) 2 Interval 40.3.1.2- c. Vertical Cell Size 30 km (Total 50 km 3 Column) 40.3.1.2- 1. 0 - 2 km N/A 0.25 km 4 40.3.1.2- 2. 2 - 5 km N/A 0.5 km 5 40.3.1.2- 3. > 5 km N/A 1 km 6 40.3.1.2- d. Vertical Reporting N/A (Total Column) Vertical cell 7 Interval size 40.3.1.2- e. Horizontal Coverage Over ocean only Global 8 40.3.1.2- f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 30 km 0 - 50 km 9 40.3.1.2- g. Measurement Range -1 to +3 -2 to +4 10 40.3.1.2- h. Measurement Accuracy 0.3 over ocean 0.1 11 40.3.1.2- i. Measurement Precision 0.3 0.1 12 40.3.1.2- j. Long Term Stability 0.1 0.03 13 40.3.1.2- k. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km 14 40.3.1.2- l. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 4 hrs(TBR) 15 Revisit Time 40.3.1.2- m. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD) 16
As a threshold the required content of this EDR is the identification of specified classes of suspended matter in instances in which suspended matter is detected. There are no explicit detectability requirements for the types of suspended matter of interest. The capability to detect suspended matter, and all other aerosols, will be a by-product of the capabilities required by other EDRs. As a threshold, dust, sand, and ash are to be identified for a vertical column of the atmosphere, if detected. As an objective, these types as well as sea salt, smoke, and radioactive smoke are to be typed in 0.2 km layers within a vertical column of the atmosphere. Furthermore, as an objective, the concentration of the suspended matter, if detected, is also to be provided. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units:
Typing: N/A
Concentration: mg/m3
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
40.3.1.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 3 km 1 km
40.3.1.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting Local Horizontal Local Horizontal
Interval Cell Size Cell Size
40.3.1.3-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 30 km (Total 0.2 km
Column)
40.3.1.3-4 d. Vertical Reporting N/A Vertical Cell
Interval Size
40.3.1.3-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.3.1.3-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0-30 km (TBD)
g. Measurement Range
40.3.1.3-7 1. Type dust, sand, ash, dust, sand, ash,
other sea salt, smoke,
radioactive
smoke,other
40.3.1.3-8 2. Concentration N/A 0 - 100 mg/m3
(smoke)
40.3.1.3-9 h. Probability of (TBD) (TBD)
Correct Typing
40.3.1.3-1 i. Measurement N/A (TBD)
0 Uncertainty
(concentration)
40.3.1.3-1 j. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km
1
40.3.1.3-1 k. Maximum Local 12 hrs 3 hrs
2 Average Revisit Time
40.3.1.3-1 l. Maximum Local (TBD) (TBD)
3 Refresh
40.3.2 Ozone Total Column/Profile (DOC)
Ozone total column is defined as the amount of ozone in a vertical column of the atmosphere measured in Dobson Units (atm-cm). Ozone vertical profile is defined as the volumetric concentration of ozone in specified segments of a vertical column of the atmosphere measured in parts per million volume (ppmv). For this EDR vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which ozone parameters must be reported. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions and above clouds.
Units:
Total column: milli-atm-cm
Profile: ppmv
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.3.2-1 1. Total Column 50 km @ nadir 50 km
40.3.2-2 2. Profile 250 km 250 km
40.3.2-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Vertical Cell Size
40.3.2-4 1. Total Column 60 km 60 km
40.3.2-5 2. Profile, 0 - 10 km N/A 3 km
40.3.2-6 3. Profile, 10 - 25 km 5 km 1 km
40.3.2-7 4. Profile, 25 - 60 km 5 km 3 km
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
40.3.2-8 1. Total Column N/A N/A
40.3.2-9 2. Profile Vertical Cell Size Vertical Cell
Size
40.3.2-10 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.3.2-11 f. Vertical Coverage 10 - 60 km 0 - 60 km
g. Measurement Range
40.3.2-12 1. Total Column 50 - 650 50 - 650
milli-atm-cm milli-atm-cm
40.3.2-13 2. Profile, 0 - 10 km N/A 0.01 - 3 ppmv
40.3.2-14 3. Profile, 10 - 60 km 0.1 - 15 ppmv 0.1 - 15 ppmv
h. Measurement Accuracy
40.3.2-15 1. Total Column 15 milli-atm-cm 5 milli-atm-cm
40.3.2-16 2. Profile, 0 - 10 km N/A 10 %
40.3.2-17 3. Profile, 10 - 15 km 20 % or 0.1 ppmv 10 %
40.3.2-18 4. Profile, 15 - 60 km 10 % or 0.05 ppmv 5 %
i. Measurement
Precision
40.3.2-19 1. Total Column 1.0 milli-atm-cm (TBD)
milli-atm-cm
40.3.2-20 2. Profile, 0 - 10 km N/A 10 %
40.3.2-21 3. Profile, 10 - 15 km 10 % 3 %
40.3.2-22 4. Profile, 15 - 50 km 3 % 1 %
40.3.2-23 5. Profile, 50 - 60 km 10 % 3 %
j. Long Term Stability
40.3.2-24 1. Total Column 1 % 0.5 %
40.3.2-25 2. Profile 2 % 1 %
k. Mapping Uncertainty
40.3.2-26 1. Total Column, at 5 km 5 km
nadir
40.3.2-27 2. Profile 25 km 25 km
l. Maximum Local
Average Revisit Time
40.3.2-28 1. Total Column 24 hrs 24 hrs
40.3.2-29 2. Profile 7 days 24 hrs
m. Maximum Local
Refresh
40.3.2-30 1. Total Column (TBD) (TBD)
40.3.2-31 2. Profile (TBD) (TBD)
Precipitable water is defined as the total equivalent water in a vertical column of the atmosphere per unit cross-sectional area. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: mm of condensed vapor
Para. Thresholds Objectives No. 40.3.3- a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km (TBR) 1 km 1 40.3.3- b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD) 2 Interval 40.3.3- c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global 3 40.3.3- d. Measurement Range 0 - 75 mm 0 - 100 mm 4 40.3.3- e. Measurement Accuracy greater of 10 % or 1 mm 5 2 mm 40.3.3- f. Measurement Precision 1 mm 1mm 6 40.3.3- g. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km 7 40.3.3- h. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs 8 Revisit Time 40.3.3- i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD) 9
40.3.4 Precipitation (Type, Rate)
The required data products are precipitation rate and identification of type as rain or ice. Unless otherwise specified, the requirements in the table below apply to both precipitation type and rate and apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units:
Rate: mm/hr
Type: rain, , ice
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.3.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 15 km 0.1 km
40.3.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.3.4-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
d. Measurement Range
40.3.4-4 1. Precipitation Rate 0 - 50(TBR) 0 - 250
mm/hr mm/hr
40.3.4-5 2. Precipitation Type rain and ice rain and ice
40.3.4-6 e. Measurement Accuracy, 2 mm/hr 2 mm/hr
Precip. Rate
40.3.4-7 f. Measurement Precision, 1 mm/hr 1 mm/hr
Precip. Rate
40.3.4-8 g. Correct Typing (TBD) % (TBD) %
Probability, Precip. Type
40.3.4-9 h. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km
40.3.4-10 i. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs (TBR) 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.3.4-11 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
A pressure profile is a set of estimates of the atmospheric pressure at specified altitudes above the earth's surface. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: mb
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.3.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 5 km
40.3.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.3.5-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 1 km 0 km
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
40.3.5-4 1. 0 - 2 km 1 km 0.25 km
40.3.5-5 2. 2 - 5 km 1 km 0.5 km
40.3.5-6 3. > 5 km 1 km 1 km
40.3.5-7 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.3.5-8 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 30 km 0 - 30 km
40.3.5-9 g. Measurement Range 10 - 1050 mb 10 - 1050 mb
h. Measurement Accuracy
40.3.5-10 1. 0 - 2 km 1% (TBR)
40.3.5-11 2. 2 - 10 km 1% or 10 mb 3 % (TBR)
40.3.5-12 3. 10 - 30 km 1% or 1 mb 0.5 %
40.3.5-13 i. Measurement Precision 4 mb 2 mb
40.3.5-14 k. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km
40.3.5-15 l. Maximum Local Average 12 hrs 1 hr
Revisit Time
40.3.5-16 m. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Total water content is defined as the water vapor, cloud liquid water, and cloud ice liquid equivalentin specified segments of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud liquid water must be reported. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: kg/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.3.6-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 10 km
40.3.6-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.3.6-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 3 km (TBR) 1 km
40.3.6-4 d. Vertical Reporting Vertical cell Vertical cell
Interval size size
40.3.6-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global,
40.3.6-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - (TBD) km
40.3.6-7 g. Measurement Range 0-200 kg (TBD)
h. Measurement Uncertainty
40.3.6-8 1.Point Measurement 2 kg/m2 (TBD)
40.3.6-9 2. Global Average 1kg/m2 (TBD)
40.3.6-10 i. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 7 km
40.3.6-11 j. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.3.6-12 k. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
In this section "cloud" always means "detectable cloud" as defined in the glossary.
Cloud base height is defined as the height above ground level where cloud bases occur. More precisely, for a cloud covered earth location, cloud base height is the set of altitudes of the bases of the clouds that intersect the local vertical at this location. The reported heights are horizontal spatial averages over a cell, i.e., a square region of the earth's surface. If a cloud layer does not extend over an entire cell, the spatial average is limited to the portion of the cell that is covered by the layer. As a threshold, only the height of the base of the lowest altitude cloud layer is required and the objective is to report cloud base height for all distinct cloud layers.
Units: km
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 10 km
40.4.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.1-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
d. Vertical Cell Size N/A N/A
40.4.1-4 e. Vertical Reporting Interval Total Column 0.25km
40.4.1-5 f. Measurement Range 0 - 15 km 0 - 30 km
40.4.1-6 g. Measurement Uncertainty 2 km (TBR) 0.25 km
40.4.1-7 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.1-8 i. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 4 hrs
Revisit Time
40.4.1-9 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Cloud cover is defined (TBR) as the fraction of a given area on the earth's surface for which a locally normal line segment extending between two given altitudes intersects a cloud. As a threshold, cloud cover is required for up to four layers of the atmosphere between the surface and an altitude of 30 km. As an objective, cloud cover is required for contiguous, 0.1 km thick layers at 0.1 km increments in altitude, from the surface of the earth to an altitude of 30 km.
Units: dimensionless
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.2-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 2 km
40.4.2-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Vertical Cell Size N/A N/A
40.4.2-3 d. Vertical Reporting Up to 4 layers 0.1 km
Interval
40.4.2-4 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.2-5 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - 30 km
40.4.2-6 g. Measurement Range 0 - 1.0 0 - 1.0
40.4.2-7 h. Measurement Accuracy 0.1 0.05
40.4.2-8 i. Measurement Precision 0.15 0.025
40.4.2-9 j. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.2-10 k. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 4 hrs
Revisit Time
40.4.2-11 l. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.4.3 Cloud Effective Particle Size
Effective cloud particle size is defined as the ratio of the third moment of the drop size distribution to the second moment, averaged over a layer of air within a cloud.
Units: m
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 10 km
40.4.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.3-3 c. Vertical Cell Size Vertical Vertical
Reporting Reporting
Interval Interval
40.4.3-4 d. Vertical Reporting 1.0 km(TBR) 0.3 km
Interval
40.4.3-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.3-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - 30 km
40.4.3-7 g. Measurement Range 0 - 50 m (TBD)
40.4.3-8 h. Measurement Accuracy greater of 10 % greater of 5 %
or 4 m or 2 m
40.4.3-9 i. Measurement Precision greater of 5 % or 2 %
2 m
40.4.3-1 j. Long Term Stability 2 % 1 %
0
40.4.3-1 k. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
1
40.4.3-1 l. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 3 hrs
2 Revisit Time
40.4.3-1 m. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
3
Cloud ice water path is defined as the equivalent amount of water within cloud ice particles in a specified segment of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud ice water path must be reported.
Units: kg/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 10 km
40.4.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.4-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 15 km (Total Vertical
Column) Reporting
Interval
40.4.4-4 d. Vertical Reporting Interval N/A (Total 0.3 km
Column)
40.4.4-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.4-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - 20 km
40.4.4-7 g. Measurement Range 0 - 2.6 0 - 10 kg/m2
kg/m2(TBR)
40.4.4-8 h. Measurement Accuracy 10 % or 5 g/m2 5 %
(TBR)
40.4.4-9 i. Measurement Precision 5 % 2 %
40.4.4-1 j. Long Term Stability 2 % 1 %
0
40.4.4-1 k. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
1
40.4.4-1 l. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
2 Revisit Time
40.4.4-1 m. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
3
Cloud liquid water is defined as the equivalent amount of water within cloud particles in a specified segment of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud liquid water must be reported.
Units: mm
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 5 km
40.4.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.5-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 30 km (Total Vertical
Column) Reporting
Interval
40.4.5-4 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (Total 0.3 km
Interval Column)
40.4.5-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.5-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - 30 km
40.4.5-7 g. Measurement Range 0 - 50 mm (TBD)
h. Measurement
Uncertainty(TBR)
40.4.5-8 1. Over ocean 0.25 mm 0.01 mm
40.4.5-9 2. Over land 0.5 mm 0.01 mm
40.4.5-1 i. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km
0
40.4.5-1 j. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 4 hrs
1 Revisit Time
40.4.5-1 k. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
2
40.4.6 Cloud Optical Thickness (IORD Name: Cloud Optical Depth/Transmissivity)
Cloud optical thickness is defined as the extinction (scattering + absorption) vertical optical thickness of all cloud layers in a vertical column of the atmosphere. Optical thickness (t) is related to transmittance (t) by t= exp (-t). Optical thickness is wavelength dependent and is to be measured in at least two narrow bands centered at 450 nm (TBR) and 850 nm (TBR), with TBD nm bandwidth.
Units: Dimensionless
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.6-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 10 km
40.4.6-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.6-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.6-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 10 optical (TBD)
depth (TBR))
40.4.6-5 e. Measurement Accuracy greater of 10 greater of 5 %
% or 0.05 and (TBD)
optical depth
40.4.6-6 f. Measurement Precision greater of 5 % greater of 2 %
or 0.025 and (TBD)
optical depth
40.4.6-7 g. Long Term Stability 2 % 1 %
40.4.6-8 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.6-9 i. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.4.6-10 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Cloud top height is defined for each cloud-covered earth location as the set of heights of the tops of the cloud layers overlying the location. The reported heights are horizontal spatial averages over a cell, i.e., a square region of the earth's surface. If a cloud layer does not extend over an entire cell, the spatial average is limited to the portion of the cell that is covered by the layer. Cloud top height is not defined or reported for cells that are clear. As a threshold, only the height at the top of the highest altitude cloud layer is required. The objective is to report the cloud top height for all distinct cloud layers.
Units: km
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.7-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 10 km
40.4.7-2 b. Horizontal Reporting Interval (TBD) (TBD)
40.4.7-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
d. Vertical Cell Size N/A N/A
40.4.7-4 e. Vertical Reporting Interval Up to 4 0.25 km
layers
40.4.7-5 f. Measurement Range 0-20 km (TBD)
g. Measurement Accuracy
40.4.7-6 1. Cloud layer optical thickness > 1.0 km 0.3 km
0.1(TBR) (TBR)
40.4.7-7 2. Cloud layer optical thickness 2 km 0.3 km
0.1 (TBR)
40.4.7-8 h. Measurement Precision 0.3 km 0.15 km
40.4.7-9 i. Long Term Stability 0.2 km 0.1 km
40.4.7-10 j. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.7-11 k. Maximum Local Average Revisit 8 hrs 6 hrs
Time
40.4.7-12 l. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.4.8 Cloud Top Pressure (DOC)
Cloud top pressure is defined for each cloud-covered earth location as the set of atmospheric pressures at the tops of the cloud layers overlying the location. The reported pressures are horizontal spatial averages over a cell, i.e., a square region of the earth's surface. If a cloud layer does not extend over an entire cell, the spatial average is limited to the portion of the cell that is covered by the layer. Cloud top pressure is not defined or reported for cells that are clear. As a threshold, only the pressure at the top of the highestaltitude cloud layer is required. The objective is to report the cloud top pressure for all distinct cloud layers.
Units: mb
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.4.8-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 15 km 10 km
40.4.8-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.4.8-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.8-4 d. Measurement Range 50-1050 mb (TBD)
e. Measurement Accuracy
40.4.8-5 1. surface - 3 km 100 mb 30 mb
40.4.8-6 2. 3 - 7 km 75 mb 22 mb
40.4.8-7 3. > 7 km 50 mb 15 mb
f. Measurement Precision
40.4.8-8 1. surface - 3 km 50 mb 10 mb
40.4.8-9 2. 3 - 7 km 38 mb 7 mb
40.4.8-10 3. > 7 km 25 mb 5 mb
g. Long Term Stability (TBR)
40.4.8-11 1. surface - 3 km 10 mb 3 mb
40.4.8-12 2. 3 - 7 km 7 mb 2 mb
40.4.8-13 3. > 7 km 5 mb 1 mb
40.4.8-14 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.8-15 i. Maximum Local Average 8 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.4.8-16 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Cloud top temperature is defined for each cloud-covered earth location as the set of atmospheric temperatures at the tops of the cloud layers overlying the location. The reported temperatures are horizontal spatial averages over a cell, i.e., a square region of the earth's surface. If a cloud layer does not extend over an entire cell, the spatial average is limited to the portion of the cell that is covered by the layer. Cloud top temperature is not defined or reported for cells that are clear. As a threshold, only the temperature at the top of the highest altitude cloud layer is required. The objective is to report the cloud top temperature for all distinct cloud layers.
Units: K
Para. Thresholds Objective
No. s
40.4.9-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 10 km
40.4.9-2 b. Horizontal Reporting Interval (TBD) (TBD)
40.4.9-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.4.9-4 d. Measurement Range 180-310 K (TBD)
e. Measurement Accuracy
40.4.9-5 1. Cloud layer optical thickness > 3 K 1.5 K
0.1(TBR)
40.4.9-6 2. Cloud layer optical thickness 6 K (TBD)
0.1 (TBR)
40.4.9-7 f. Measurement Precision 1.5 K 0.5 K
40.4.9-8 g. Long Term Stability 1 K 0.1 K
40.4.9-9 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.4.9-10 i. Maximum Local Average Revisit 6 hrs 6 hrs
Time
40.4.9-11 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.5 Earth Radiation Budget EDRs
All requirements for Earth Radiation Budget EDRs below apply only under both clear and cloudy conditions except for the Surface Albedo.
Absorbed solar radiation is the difference between the incoming solar radiation flux (all wavelengths) at the top of the atmosphere and the outgoing reflected flux (all wavelengths) at the top of the atmosphere. This parameter is sometimes called "net shortwave radiation (TOA)" since solar radiation is mainly contained in the 0.3 - 4 µm band. This is an instantaneous, not a time-averaged, measurement.(TBR)
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.5.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 100 km 20 km
40.5.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.5.1-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.5.1-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 900 W/m2 0 - 900 W/m2
40.5.1-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 5 W/m2 2.5 W/m2
40.5.1-6 f. Measurement Precision 3 W/m2 1.5 W/m2
40.5.1-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 10 km 5 km
40.5.1-8 h. Maximum Local Average 12 hrs 8 hrs
Revisit Time
40.5.1-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Surface albedo is defined as the amount of visible solar radiation (0.4 - 0.7 µm) reflected by the earth's surface into a hemisphere divided by the amount incident.(TBR) This EDR is required during daytime only and under clear conditions only This is an instantaneous, not a time-averaged, measurement. (TBR)
Units: Dimensionless
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.5.2-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 4 km 0.5 km
40.5.2-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.5.2-3 c . Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.5.2-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 1.0 0 - 1.0
40.5.2-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 0.05 0.0125
40.5.2-6 f. Measurement Precision 0.02 0.01
40.5.2-7 g. Long Term Stability 0.02 0.01
40.5.2-8 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1.0 km
40.5.2-9 i. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 4 hrs
Revisit Time
40.5.2-10 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Downward longwave radiation (surface) is defined as the irradiance in the 4 - 50 µm wavelength band incident downward at the surface of the earth. Physical measurements are not required in the entire 4 - 50 µm band as long as the reported value meets the accuracy requirement specified below. This is an instantaneous, not a time-averaged, measurement. (TBR)
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.5.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 40 km @ nadir 10 km
40.5.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.5.3-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.5.3-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 500 W/m2 0 - 500 W/m2
40.5.3-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 15 W/m2 (TBR) 1 W/m2
40.5.3-6 f. Measurement Precision 0.1 W/m2 0.1 W/m2
40.5.3-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 10 km (TBD)
40.5.3-8 h. Maximum Local Average 14 hrs 6 hrs
Revisit Time
40.5.3-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Downward shortwave radiation (surface) is defined as the irradiance at wavelengths less than 4 µm incident downward at the surface of the earth. This is an instantaneous, not a time-averaged, measurement. (TBR)
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.5.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 100 km (TBR)
40.5.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.5.4-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.5.4-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 1400 W/m2 0 - 1400 W/m2
40.5.4-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 20 W/m2 1 W/m2
40.5.4-6 f. Measurement Precision 5 W/m2 0.1 W/m2
40.5.4-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
40.5.4-8 h. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 24 hrs
Revisit Time
40.5.4-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.5.5 Outgoing Longwave Radiation (Top of Atmosphere) (IORD Name: Total Longwave Radiation) (DOC)
Outgoing longwave radiation (top of atmosphere - TOA) is defined as the outgoing (upward) flux of longwave radiation (4 - 50 µm) at the top of the atmosphere. This is an instantaneous, not a time-averaged, measurement. (TBR)
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.5.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 100 km 20 km
40.5.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.5.5-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
40.5.5-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 500 W/m2 0 - 500 W/m2
40.5.5-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 5 W/m2 2.5 W/m2
40.5.5-6 f. Measurement Precision 3 W/m2 1.5 W/m2
40.5.5-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 10 km 5 km
40.5.5-8 h. Maximum Local Average 24 hours 4 hr
Revisit Time (once/daytime
&
once/nighttime)
40.5.5-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Solar irradiance is the radiated power incident on a surface orthogonal to the line of sight to the sun from the location of the spacecraft. The total irradiance (all wavelengths) and the irradiance in two narrow bands, one in the visible spectrum (0.2 - 0.3 µm) and one in the near infrared (centered at 1.5 µm), are to be reported.
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Measurement Range
40.5.6-1 1. Total 1320 - 1420 W/m2 1320 - 1420
W/m2
40.5.6-2 2. 0.2 - 0.3 µm 0 - 10 W/m2 0 - 10 W/m2
40.5.6-3 3. 1.5 µm narrow band 0 - 10 W/m2 0 - 10 W/m2
b. Measurement
Uncertainty (TBR)
40.5.6-4 1. Total 1.5 W/m2 0.5 W/m2
40.5.6-5 2. 0.2 - 0.3 µm 2 % 0.5 %
40.5.6-6 3. 1.5 µm narrow band 2 % 0.5 %
c. Long Term Stability
(TBR)
40.5.6-7 1. Total 0.002 %/yr 0.0005 %/yr
40.5.6-8 2. 0.2 - 0.3 µm 0.02 %/yr 0.01 %/yr
40.5.6-9 3. 1.5 µm narrow band 0.01 %/yr 0.005 %/yr
40.5.6-10 d. Reporting Frequency 20 min of viewing 20 min of
sun per orbit, viewing sun per
one satellite orbit, for each
of three
satellites
Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as the skin temperature of the uppermost layer of the land surface. This EDR is required under clear conditions only.
Units: K
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.6.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 4 km 1 km
40.6.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.6.1-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Land Land
40.6.1-4 d. Measurement Range 213 K - 343 K 213 K - 343 K
40.6.1-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 2.5 K 1 K
40.6.1-6 f. Measurement Precision 0.5 K 0.025 K
40.6.1-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.6.1-8 h. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.6.1-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.6.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (TBR)
Normalized difference vegetation index is most directly related to absorption of photosynthetically active radiation, but is often correlated with biomass or primary productivity. Red spectral measurements are sensitive to the chlorophyll content of vegetation and the near IR to the mesophyll structure of leaves. The normalized ratio (IR-Red)/(IR+ Red) has a close relationship with the photosynthetic capacity of specific vegetation types.
The NASA/NOAA NDVI (for AVHRR-3) is defined as follows:
NDVI = RATIO of [(Reflectance band 2 - reflectance band 1)/ sum],
where: Band 2 = NIR band(0.72-1.0 microns);
Band 1 = VIS band(0.572-0.703 microns).
These specific spectral ranges are not required. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units: dimensionless
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.6.2-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 4 km 1 km
40.6.2-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.6.2-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Land (TBD)
40.6.2-4 d. Measurement Range -1 to +1 NDVI -1 to +1
units
40.6.2-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 0.05 NDVI units 0.03 NDVI
units
40.6.2-6 f. Measurement Precision 0.04 NDVI units 0.02 NDVI
units
40.6.2-7 g. Long Term Stability 0.04 NDVI units 0.04 NDVI
units
40.6.2-8 h. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
40.6.2-9 i. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 24 hrs
Revisit Time
40.6.2-10 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Horizontal and vertical extent of snow cover. As a threshold, only fraction of snow cover in the specified horizontal cell (clear or cloudy) is required, regardless of depth. As an objective, fraction of snow cover for snow having a specified minimum depth is required in the specified horizontal cell (clear or cloudy) for a set of specified minimum depths.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size (TBR)
40.6.3-1 1. Clear - daytime 1.3 km 1 km
40.6.3-2 2. Cloudy and/or nighttime 12.5 km 1 km
40.6.3-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.6.3-4 c. Snow Depth Ranges > 0 cm (Any > 8 cm, > 15 cm,
Snow > 30 cm, >51 cm,
Thickness) >76 cm
40.6.3-5 d. Horizontal Coverage Land Land & Ice
40.6.3-6 e. Vertical Coverage 0 - 40 cm 0 - 1 m
40.6.3-7 f. Measurement Range 0 - 1 0 - 1 per snow
depth category
g. Measurement
Uncertainty(TBR)
40.6.3-8 1. Clear - daytime 10% (snow/no 10% for snow
snow) depth
40.6.3-9 2. Cloudy and/or nightime 20% (snow/no
snow) TBD
h. Mapping Uncertainty
40.6.3-1 1. Clear 2 km 1 km
0
40.6.3-1 2. Cloudy 7 km 1 km
1
40.6.3-1 i. Maximum Local Average 12 hrs 3 hrs
2 Revisit Time
40.6.3-1 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
3
Vegetation index/surface type is defined as the predominant vegetation and/or soil type in a given area.
Each given area shall be classified as one of the following 21 types: crop land, brush/scrub, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, tropical forest, grass land, swamp, marsh/bog, flooded land, loam, sandy soil, clay, peat, gravel, desert, water, snow/ice, urban/developed, rocky fields, tundra, and Savannah. Estimation of the percentage of vegetation cover per type in each cell is an objective. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units:
Type: N/A
Vegetation Cover: per cent
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.6.4-1 1. Global 20 km 1 km
40.6.4-2 2. Regional 20 km 0.25 km
40.6.4-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Horizontal Coverage
40.6.4-4 1. Global Land Land
40.6.4-5 2. Regional Land, up to Land, up to
1/2 orbit, 1/2 orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable commandable
by SOC by SOC
d. Measurement Range
40.6.4-6 1. Vegetation/surface type 21 types 21 types
specified specified
above above
40.6.4-7 2. Vegetation cover N/A 0 - 100 %
40.6.4-8 e. Measurement Accuracy (veg. N/A 2 %
cover)
40.6.4-9 f. Measurement Precision N/A 0.1 %
(veg. cover)
40.6.4-10 g. Correct Typing Probability 70 % (TBD)
(vegetation /surface type)
40.6.4-11 h. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
40.6.4-12 i. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.6.4-13 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Ocean currents are defined as large-scale movements of the surface and near-surface waters of the ocean driven by wind and the distribution of water density. Currents are described by a local vector field specifying water speed and direction at each point. "Coastal" is defined to be within 370km of the coastline. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units:
Speed: m/s
Direction: deg from north
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.7.1-1 1. Global 4 km 1 km
40.7.1-2 2. Regional (Coastal) 1.3 km 0.25 km
40.7.1-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.1-4 c. Vertical Cell Size(TBR) 5 m 1 m
40.7.1-5 d. Vertical Reporting Vertical Cell Vertical Cell
Interval Size Size
e. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.1-6 1. Global Oceans, > 370 Oceans, > 370
km from km from
coastline coastline
40.7.1-7 2. Regional (Coastal) Oceans, < 370 Oceans, < 370
km from km from
coastline coastline
40.7.1-8 f. Vertical Coverage 0 to -10 m 0 to -30 m
g. Measurement Range
40.7.1-9 1. Speed 0 - 5 m/s 0 - 5 m/s
40.7.1-10 2. Direction 0 - 360 deg 0 - 360 deg
h. Measurement
Accuracy(TBR)
40.7.1-11 1. Speed 0.25 m/s 0.1 m/s
40.7.1-12 2. Direction 15 deg 5 deg
i. Measurement
Precision(TBR)
40.7.1-13 1. Speed 0.25 m/s 0.1 m/s
40.7.1-14 2. Direction 15 deg 5 deg
40.7.1-15 j. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
40.7.1-16 k. Maximum Local Average (TBD) 12 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.1-17 l. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Fresh water ice concentration is defined as the fraction of a given area of fresh water that is covered by ice, quantized to the nearest one tenth. Ice edge boundary is the contour separating fresh water from fresh water ice. The error in ice edge boundary location is defined as the distance between a measured boundary point and the nearest point on the true ice edge boundary. The measurement uncertainty requirement on ice edge boundary limits this error. Ice edge concentration and boundaries are derived from the Imagery EDR. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units:
Concentration: Dimensionless
Ice Edge Boundary: lat/long
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.7.2-1 1. Regional, nadir 4 times 0.4 km (TBD)
(TBR)
40.7.2-2 2. Regional, worst 4 times 0.8 km 4 times 0.65
case (TBR) km (TBR)
40.7.2-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.2-4 c. Horizontal Coverage Fresh Water Fresh Water
Up to 1/2 Up to 1/2
orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable by commandable
SOC by SOC
40.7.2-5 d. Measurement Range 1/10 to 10/10 0/10 to 10/10
concentration concentration
e. Measurement Uncertainty
40.7.2-6 1. Ice Edge 10 km 5 km
Boundary(TBS)
40.7.2-7 2. Ice Concentration 20 % or 1/10 10 %
40.7.2-8 f. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
40.7.2-9 g. Maximum Local Average 12hrs 6hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.2-10 h. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.3 Ice Surface Temperature
As a threshold, the temperature of the surface of ice over land or water is required. The objective is to measure the atmospheric temperature 2 m above the surface of the ice. This EDR is required under clear conditions only.
Units: K
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 30km 10km
40.7.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.3-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Ice-covered Ice-covered
land/water land/water
40.7.3-4 d. Measurement Range 213 K - 293 K (TBD)
40.7.3-5 e. Measurement Uncertainty 1 K (TBD)
40.7.3-6 f. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
40.7.3-7 g. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 12 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.3-8 h. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.4 Littoral Sediment Transport
Littoral sediment transport is defined as the transport of sediment by river systems and along shore ocean currents. More specifically, for each cell on the earth's surface overlying water-covered sediment, littoral sediment transport is defined as the change in the volume of sediment in the cell since the last measurement divided by the time interval between measurements. This EDR is required under clear and daytime conditions only.
Units: m3/day
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 1.3 km (TBR) 0.1 km (TBR)
40.7.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.4-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Rivers, ocean Rivers, ocean
coastal coastal
regions regions
40.7.4-4 d. Measurement Range (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.4-5 e. Measurement Accuracy greater of 30 greater of 15
% and (TBD) % and (TBD)
40.7.4-6 f. Measurement Precision greater of 40 greater of 15
% and (TBD) % and (TBD)
40.7.4-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km
40.7.4-8 h. Maximum Local Average 48 hrs 12 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.4-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Net heat flux refers to net surface flux over oceans.
Components are longwave and shortwave radiation, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 5 km
40.7.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.5-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.5-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 1000 W/m2 0 - 2000 W/m2
40.7.5-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 10 W/m2 1 W/m2
40.7.5-6 f. Measurement Precision 5 W/m2 1 W/m2
40.7.5-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km (TBD)
40.7.5-8 h. Maximum Local Average 6 hrs 3 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.5-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
The required data product is the concentration of chlorophyll in a vertical column of the ocean, and the requirements below apply to this product. Ocean color, as measured by the radiance reflected by the ocean in a number of narrow visible bands, is typically used to infer chlorophyll concentration. This EDR is required under clear, daytime conditions only.
Units: mg/m3
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.7.6-1 1. Global, worst case 2.6 km 1 km
40.7.6-2 2. Regional (Coastal), worst 1.3 km 0.1 km
case
40.7.6-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.6-4 1. Global > 370 km from > 370 km from
coastline coastline
40.7.6-5 2. Regional (Coastal) < 370 km from < 370 km from
coastline coastline
40.7.6-6 d. Measurement Range 0.05 - 50 0 - 100 mg/m3
mg/m3
40.7.6-7 e. Measurement Accuracy The > of 30 % The > of 30 %
or TBD mg/m3 or TBD mg/m3
40.7.6-8 f. Measurement Precision The > of 20 % The > of 10 %
or TBD mg/m3 or TBD mg/m3
g. Mapping Uncertainty
40.7.6-9 1. Global 3 km 0.5 km
40.7.6-10 2. Regional 3 km 0.1 km
40.7.6-11 h. Maximum Local Average 48 hrs 12 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.6-12 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.7 Ocean Wave Characteristics (TBR)
Ocean wave characteristics are defined as the significant wave height and direction of ocean waves. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units:
Height: m
Direction: Degrees from north
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.7.7-1 1. Global, at nadir, along 20 km 5 km
track
40.7.7-2 2. Global, at nadir, cross 20 km (TBD)
track
40.7.7-3 3. Regional, at nadir, along 10 km 0.25 km
track
40.7.7-4 4. Regional, at nadir, cross (TBD) (TBD)
track
40.7.7-5 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.7-6 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
d. Measurement Range
40.7.7-7 1. Height 0.5 - 30 m 0.5 - 30 m
40.7.7-8 2. Direction 0 - 360 deg 0 - 360 deg
e. Measurement Accuracy
40.7.7-9 1. Height 0.2 m 0.2 m
40.7.7-10 2. Direction 10 deg 5 deg
f. Measurement Precision
40.7.7-11 1. Height 0.2 m 0.1 m
40.7.7-12 2. Direction 10 deg 5 deg
g. Mapping Uncertainty
40.7.7-13 1. Global, worst case 10 km 2 km
40.7.7-14 2. Regional, worst case 4 km 0.25 km
40.7.7-15 h. Maximum Local Average 14 days 6 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.7-16 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.8 Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Edge Motion
Sea ice age is defined as the time that has passed since the formation of the surface layer of an ice covered region of the ocean. The content of the sea ice age EDR is the typing of areas of sea ice by age. Sea ice motion is defined as the displacement of a sea ice edge. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units:
Ice age: Class
Ice edge motion: km/day
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.8-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size (Ice 3 km 0.1 km
Age)
40.7.8-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.8-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
d. Measurement Range
40.7.8-4 1. Ice Age Classes
First Year, New, Young,
Multi-year First Year,
(TBR) and Old (TBR)
40.7.8-5 2. Ice Motion 0-50 km/day 0 - 50 km/day
40.7.8-6 e. Probability of Correct 70 % 90 %
Typing (Ice Age)
40.7.8-7 f. Measurement Uncertainty 1 km/day 0.1 km/day
(Ice motion)
40.7.8-8 g. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
40.7.8-9 h. Maximum Local Average 24 hrs 12 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.8-10 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
Sea surface height is defined as the longwave (> (TBD) km) horizontal variations in the height of the sea surface with respect to the geoid. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: m
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.9-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size ( at 10 km 0.5 km
nadir along track)
40.7.9-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.9-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.9-4 d. Measurement Range -50 to +50 m -50 to +50 m
40.7.9-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 5 cm 3 cm
40.7.9-6 f. Measurement Precision 3 cm 2 cm
40.7.9-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 2 km 1 km
40.7.9-8 h. Maximum Local Average 14 days 3 hr
Revisit Time
40.7.9-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.10 Surface Wind Stress (DOC) (TBR)
Surface wind stress is defined as magnitude of the frictional stress of the wind acting on the sea surface, causing it to move as a wind-drift current, and causing the formation of waves. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Units: N/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.10-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 20 km
40.7.10-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.10-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.10-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 50 N/m2 0 - 50 N/m2
(TBR)
40.7.10-5 e. Measurement Accuracy 2 N/m2 1 N/m2
40.7.10-6 f. Measurement Precision 2 N/m2 1 N/m2
40.7.10-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km
40.7.10-8 h. Maximum Local Average 12 hrs 12 hr
Revisit Time
40.7.10-9 i. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
40.7.11 Mass Loading (TBR) (IORD Title - Turbidity)
Mass Loadingis defined as the concentration of suspended matter in a vertical column in the ocean. This quantity is refered to as "turbidity" in the IORD because it is used to derive both rates of sediment deposition and optical clarity. The depth of the vertical column is specified by the vertical cell size. Turbidity may be derived from ocean color data. The requirements below apply only under clear conditions.
Units: mg/l
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.7.11-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 1.3 km 0.25 km
40.7.11-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
40.7.11-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
40.7.11-4 d. Vertical Cell Size Surface layer (TBD)
((TBD) m)
40.7.11-5 e. Measurement Range (TBD) 0 - 100 mg/l
40.7.11-6 f. Measurement Accuracy greater of 30 0.1 mg/l
% and (TBD)
40.7.11-7 g. Measurement Precision (TBD) 0.1 mg/l
40.7.11-8 h. Mapping Uncertainty (TBD) 0.5 km
40.7.11-9 i. Maximum Local Average 48 hrs 24 hrs
Revisit Time
40.7.11-1 j. Maximum Local Refresh (TBD) (TBD)
0
40.8 Space Environmental EDRs (TBR)
The auroral boundaries are the edges (both equatorward and poleward) of the auroral zones. A more precise definition of these boundaries can only be formulated within the context of the measurement technique involved. The locations of the auroral boundaries, which change as a function of geomagnetic activity, are required as input to magnetospheric and ionospheric models at 50WS. Of greatest (but not sole) importance is the latitude of the equatorward boundary at midnight. Knowledge of auroral boundaries contributes in a minor sense to satisfaction of the Ionospheric Scintillation EDR (EDR 40.8.11), since the location of the auroral oval constrains the occurrence of scintillation phenomena at high latitudes.
Units: degrees latitude and longitude
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.1-1 a. Horizontal Reporting N/A 10 km along
Interval boundary (TBR)
40.8.1-2 b. Horizontal Coverage (TBS) (TBS)
c. Measurement Range
40.8.1-3 1. Latitude Abs. value > Abs. value >
40 deg 40 deg
40.8.1-4 2. Longitude 0 - 360 deg 0 - 360 deg
40.8.1-5 d. Measurement Uncertainty 50 km 10 km
40.8.1-6 e. Reporting Frequency (for (TBS) (TBS)
in-track derived boundary)
40.8.1-7 f. Maximum Local Average (TBS) (TBS)
Revisit Time (for imagery
derived boundary)
40.8.2 Total Auroral Energy Deposition
An estimate of the total (global average) upper atmospheric auroral heat input due to particle precipitation. Contributions due to precipitating electrons and ions must be separately determined. Total Auroral Energy Deposition is an input to upper atmospheric density models. A change in energy deposition of 10-4 W/m2 is consistent with a change in upper atmospheric temperature of 15 degrees.
Units: watts/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.2-1 a. Horizontal Coverage Auroral Zones Auroral Zones
b. Measurement Range
40.8.2-2 1. Electrons 10-4 - 1 W/m2 5 x 10-5 - 1
W/m2
40.8.2-3 2. Ions 10-4 - 0.1 5 x 10-5 - 0.1
W/m2 W/m2
40.8.2-4 c. Measurement Uncertainty greater of greater of
10-4 W/m2 or 5x10-5 W/m2 or
20 % 10 %
40.8.2-5 d. Reporting Frequency (TBS) (TBS)
Two-dimensional (along/cross track) images of the Earth's auroral regions, taken in one or more of several wavelength intervals in the infrared, visible, far ultraviolet (FUV), and x-ray portions of the spectrum. The table below gives some information on requirements for the far-ultraviolet; requirements for other spectral ranges are TBR. This imagery can provide information on the location of the Auroral Boundary (EDR 40.8.1) and regions of enhanced auroral activity, and can be used to infer characteristics of precipitating particles.
Units:
Wavelength: nm
For visible/IR imagery: watts/m2
For FUV imagery: rayleighs
For x-ray imagery: (TBD)
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 10 km
40.8.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting Local Local
Interval Horizontal Horizontal Cell
Cell Size Size
40.8.3-3 c. Horizontal Coverage (TBS) Auroral Zones
40.8.3-4 d. Measurement Range 120-180 nm 80-250 nm (TBR)
(TBR)
40.8.3-5 e. Measurement Uncertainty 10% 5%.
40.8.3-6 f. Mapping Uncertainty 20 km 10 km
40.8.3-7 g. Maximum Local Average (TBS) (TBS)
Revisit Time
Electric fields in the ionosphere cause transport of plasma and at high latitudes provide a "footprint" of the magnetospheric fields. Thus, electric fields are required inputs for both ionospheric and magnetospheric specification models. Electric fields are also needed to determine the amount of joule heating in the auroral region, which is an input to neutral atmospheric models. Electric fields are three-component vector quantities.
Units: mv/meter
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.4-1 a. Horizontal Reporting (TBR) (TBS)
Interval
40.8.4-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
40.8.4-3 c. Measurement Range 0-150 mv/meter 0-250 mv/meter
40.8.4-4 d. Measurement Uncertainty 3.0 mv/meter 0.1 mv/meter
40.8.4-5 e. Measurement Precision 2.0 mv/meter 0.1 mv/meter
40.8.4-6 f. Local Time Range (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.5 Electron Density Profiles/Ionospheric Specification
The ionosphere is that portion of the Earth's upper atmosphere which is composed of electrically charged particles (electrons and various ions). A complete vertical electron density profile would extend from the D and E regions at altitudes between 60 and 150 km, through the F region within which the electron density reaches a maximum value nominally between altitudes of 250-350 km, through the topside up to 3,000 km, and into the plasmasphere. The Air Force requires global ionospheric specification to meet a number of operational needs. Electron density profile measurements, to include measurements of various important parameters associated with a complete profile, are required as inputs to and to augment the outputs of operational ionospheric models. Profile measurements above the NPOESS altitude are not required. The term TEC in the following table refers to the Total Electron Content associated with a complete vertical profile, ground to 36,000 km altitude, unless otherwise indicated.
Units:
NmF2 /electron density: cm-3
HmF2: km
TEC: 1016/m2 = 1 TEC unit
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.5-1 a. Horizontal Reporting Horizontal Horizontal
Interval Cell Size Cell Size
40.8.5-2 b. Vertical Reporting Vertical Cell Vertical Cell
Interval Size Size
(profiles only, below NPOESS
altitude)
c. Horizontal Cell Size
40.8.5-3 1. 0-30° latitude 200 km 100 km
40.8.5-4 2. 30-50° latitude 500 km 250 km
40.8.5-5 3. 50-90° latitude 100 km 50 km
40.8.5-6 d. Vertical Cell Size (for 10 km within 5 km
profiles) 100 km of E/F
peaks, 20 km
elsewhere
40.8.5-7 e. Horizontal Coverage (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.5-8 f. Vertical Coverage 90-800 km 50-2000 km
g. Measurement Range
40.8.5-9 1. Density at an arbitrary 3x105-107 cm-3 104-107 cm-3
altitude below NPOESS (local
density)
40.8.5-10 2. TEC 3-200 TEC 1-200 TEC
units units
40.8.5-11 3. foF2 5 to 30 MHz 1 to 30 MHz
h. Measurement Uncertainty
40.8.5-12 1. Density at an arbitrary 20% or 3 x105 greater of 5%
altitude below NPOESS cm-3 (TBR) or 104 cm-3
40.8.5-13 2. NmF2 20% 5%
40.8.5-14 3. TEC 20% or 3 TEC 1 TEC unit
units
40.8.5-15 4. HmF2 20 km 5 km
40.8.5-16 5. NmE 20% or 3x103 (TBS)
cm-3
40.8.5-17 6. HmE 10 km (TBR) (TBS)
40.8.5-18 7. Topside scale height 20% (TBR) (TBS)
40.8.5-19 8. TEC above NPOESS 3 TEC units (TBS)
40.8.5-20 i. Maximum Local Average (TBD) (TBD)
Revisit Time
Vector measurements of the earth's magnetic field at NPOESS altitude. There are two uses for this data. First, to determine magnetic field aligned current boundaries as inputs to magnetospheric specification models. Second, as inputs to the World Magnetic Field Model. The latter use requires high accuracy. Because of the difference in accuracy requirements for these two uses, this parameter has two sets of thresholds and objectives (TBS), thresholds specified below are for the higher accuracy requirement).
Units: nanotesla (nT)
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.6-1 a. Horizontal Reporting Interval 10 km 500 m
40.8.6-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
40.8.6-3 c. Measurement Range 20,000-60,000 10,000-60,000
nT nT (TBR)
40.8.6-4 d. Measurement Uncertainty 6 nT RMS 2 nT
(magnitude)
40.8.6-5 e. Mapping Uncertainty 100 m SEP (TBS)
40.8.6-6 f. Measurement Accuracy of 1.0 arc min 0.6 arc min
Vector Direction
40.8.6-7 g. Measurement Precision 2 nT 0.5 nT
40.8.6-8 h. Local Time Range (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.7 In-situ Ion Drift Velocity
Measurement of the three dimensional ion drift velocity at NPOESS altitude.
Units: km/sec
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.7-1 a. Horizontal Reporting (TBS) (TBS)
Interval
40.8.7-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
40.8.7-3 c. Measurement Range 0-3 km/sec 0-5 km/sec
40.8.7-4 d. Measurement Uncertainty 75 m/sec 50 m/sec
40.8.7-5 e. Measurement Precision 50 m/s 25 m/s
40.8.7-6 f. Local Time Range (TBD) (TBD)
Measurements of the total thermal electron density at NPOESS altitude. Used to improve the accuracy of remotely sensed electron density profiles at altitudes near the NPOESS altitude and as a minor input to ionospheric specification models. Also used to quantitatively assess ionospheric model performance (see EDR 40.8.11). Measurements of ion densities may also be required (TBS).
Units: cm-3
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.8-1 a. Horizontal Reporting 50 km 10 km
Interval
40.8.8-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
40.8.8-3 c. Measurement Range 5x103-5x106 102-107 cm-3
cm-3
40.8.8-4 d. Measurement Uncertainty 20% 5%
40.8.8-5 e. Local Time Range (TBD) (TBD)
40.8.9 In-situ Plasma Fluctuations
Measurement of electron density fluctuations at NPOESS altitude. The desired products are the RMS value of dn/n, where n is the local electron density (see EDR 40.8.8), and the spectral index for the fluctuation spectrum, determined for the indicated range of scale sizes. These parameters can be used to derive an estimate of CkL, a height-integrated irregularity strength parameter which is an input to ionospheric scintillation models (see EDR 40.8.11)
Units:
Spectral Index: (TBS)
dn/n: dimensionless
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.9-1 a. Horizontal Reporting 100 km 5km (TBR)
Interval
40.8.9-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
c. Measurement Range
40.8.9-3 1. Fluctuation Scale Length (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.9-4 2. Spectral Index 2-5 1-10
40.8.9-5 3. dn/n 10-2-1 10-4-1
d. Measurement Uncertainty
40.8.9-6 1. Spectral Index (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.9-7 2. dn/n (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.9-8 e. Local Time Range (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.10 In-situ Plasma Temperatures
Measurement of both the electron and ion temperatures at NPOESS altitude. Temperatures in the mid-latitudes are used to determine electron density scale heights for input to operational ionospheric models (see EDR 40.8.11).
Units: degrees Kelvin (K)
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.10-1 a. Horizontal Reporting 100 km 10 km
Interval
40.8.10-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
40.8.10-3 c. Measurement Range 500-10,000 K 500-10,000 K
40.8.10-4 d. Measurement Uncertainty 10% 5%
40.8.11 Ionospheric Scintillation
Temporal and spatial fluctuations in ionospheric electron density lead to fading or disruption of transionospheric communication and radar signals, a phenomenon known as scintillation. The extent of the effect depends on the relative motion of the ionosphere and the signal source, the frequency of transmission, and the amplitude and spectral characteristics of the ionospheric fluctuations. Direct measurements of scintillation in terms of amplitude and phase fluctuation indices S4 and sigma-ø are required. In addition, knowledge of the location of the auroral boundary (EDR 40.8.1) is required input to operational models of scintillation
Units:
S4: dimensionless
sigma-ø: radians
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.11-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 100 km 50 km
40.8.11-2 b. Horizontal Coverage (TBS) (TBS)
c. Measurement Range
40.8.11-3 1. S4 0.1-1.5 (TBS)
40.8.11-4 2. sigma-ø 0.1-20 radians (TBS)
d. Measurement Uncertainty
40.8.11-5 1. S4 0.1 (TBS)
40.8.11-6 2. sigma-ø 0.1 radian (TBS)
40.8.11-7 e. Local Time Range (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.12 Neutral Density Profiles/Neutral Atmospheric Specification
Measurement of neutral density profiles. Profiles are to be used, along with other geophysical quantities, as inputs to upper atmospheric density models.
Units:
Individual Species (N2, O2, O) Density: cm-3
Total Density: g/cm-3
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
40.8.12-1 a. Horizontal Reporting 500 km, in track 50 km
Interval
40.8.12-2 b. Vertical Reporting Vertical Cell Vertical Cell
Interval Size Size
40.8.12-3 c. Horizontal Coverage (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.12-4 d. Vertical Cell Size 100-750 km 90 - 1600km
40.8.12-5 1. Up to 120 km 10 km 0.5 km
40.8.12-6 2. Above 120 km 10 km 3 km
40.8.12-7 e. Vertical Coverage 100-750 km 90 - 1600km
f. Measurement Range
40.8.12-8 1. Density 3x10-9 to 2x10-19 (TBS)
g/ cm-3
40.8.12-9 2. Number density 9x104 to 6x1013 (TBS)
cm-3
g. Measurement Uncertainty
40.8.12-10 1. 100 to 500 km 15%
40.8.12-11 2. > 500 km 20 %
40.8.12-12 3. 90 to 500 5 %
km
40.8.12-13 4. 500-700 km 10%
40.8.12-14 5. 700-1600 km 15%
40.8.12-15 h. Maximum Local Average (TBS) (TBS)
Revisit Time
40.8.13 Radiation Belt/Low Energy Solar Particles
Measurements of particles through this energy range are required to serve as inputs to models of the auroral ionosphere, especially Dregion effects (see EDR 40.8.5) and to determine the boundary and extent of the polar cap (EDR 40.8.1) and provide inputs to magnetospheric models. This information is required to assist in the analysis of satellite anomalies involving surface charging and, at the higher energies, deep dielectric charging and radiation damage. Measurements of ions and electrons are required, including energy spectrum information. Particle measurements are required for pitch angles both within the atmospheric loss cone and near local mirroring to determine that portion of the particle population entering the atmosphere.
Units:
Energy: keV or MeV
Flux: m-2sec-1ster-1
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.13-1 a. Horizontal Reporting (TBS) (TBS)
Interval
40.8.13-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
c. Measurement Range
(electrons and ions)
40.8.13-3 1. Energy 30 keV - 10 MeV (TBS)
in 8 bands
40.8.13-4 2. Flux 105-1011 (TBS)
40.8.13-5 d. Pitch Angle Resolution (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.13-6 e. Measurement Precision 5% (TBR) 1% (TBS)
(flux)
40.8.13-7 f. Measurement Accuracy (flux) 20% 10%
40.8.13-8 g. Number of Platforms (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.14 Solar/Galactic Cosmic Rays
Definition:
Measurements of particles through this energy range are required to serve as inputs to models of the auroral ionosphere, especially Dregion effects (see EDR 40.8.5) and to determine the boundary and extent of the polar cap (EDR 40.8.1). In addition, this information is required to assist in the analysis of satellite anomalies, semiconductor and solar cell radiation damage, and radiation hazard to astronauts and aircraft personnel. Measurements of ion energy spectrum and composition are required. Particle measurements are required for pitch angles both within the atmospheric loss cone and near local mirroring to discriminate that portion of the particle population entering the atmosphere from that which is trapped.
Units:
Energy: MeV/nucleon
Flux: m-2sec-1ster-1
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.14-1 a. Horizontal Reporting Interval (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.14-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
c. Measurement Range
40.8.14-3 1. Proton and Alpha Energies [>10] - [1000] [>10] -
in 6 bands [>1000] in 8
bands
40.8.14-4 2. Heavy Ion (CNO & Fe) [>10] - [100] (TBS)
Energies in 4 bands
40.8.14-5 3. Proton Flux 103-1010 102-1010
40.8.14-6 4. Alpha Particle Flux 102-108 102-108
40.8.14-7 5. Heavy Ion (CNO) Flux 100-107 10-2-107
40.8.14-8 6. Heavy Ion (Fe) Flux 10-1-106 10-3-106
40.8.14-9 d. Pitch Angle Resolution (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.14-1 e. Measurement Precision (flux) 5% (TBS) 1% (TBS)
0
40.8.14-1 f. Measurement Uncertainty 20% 10%
1 (flux)
40.8.14-1 g. Number of Platforms (TBS) (TBS)
2
40.8.15 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Flux
Measurements of the full disk solar flux within several wavelength bands between 5 and 175 nm. Used as inputs to neutral atmospheric and ionospheric models.
Units:
Wavelength: nm
Flux: W/m2
Para. Thresholds Objectives No. 40.8.15- a. Measurement Range 5-130 nm in 4 1-175 nm in 10 1 channels channels 40.8.15- b. Measurement greater of 10-4 greater of 5x10-5 2 Uncertainty W/m2 or 20 % W/m2 or 10 % 40.8.15- c. Reporting Frequency (5 hours) (TBS) 3
40.8.16 Supra-Thermal through Auroral Particles
In-situ measurements of moderately energetic (< 30 keV) electrons and ions, primarily in the auroral regions. These measurements are input to space environment models and are used for low earth orbit anomaly assessments (surface charging). The mean energy and flux of the precipitating particles are particularly desired, although complete energy spectra are also needed. Measurements of particle energy spectra as a function of pitch angle are also desired. In particular, measurements inside and outside the loss cone angle are needed.
Units:
Energy: eV or keV
Flux: m-2sec-1ster-1keV-1
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
40.8.16-1 a. Horizontal Reporting (TBS) (TBS)
Interval
40.8.16-2 b. Horizontal Coverage In-track In-track
c. Measurement Range (electrons
and ions)
40.8.16-3 1. Energy 30 eV - 30 keV (TBS)
40.8.16-4 2. Flux 108-1015 (TBS)
40.8.16-5 d. Pitch Angle Resolution (TBS) (TBS)
e. Measurement Precision
40.8.16-6 1. Energy dE/E = 0.2 dE/E = 0.1
40.8.16-7 2. Flux 5% 1%
40.8.16-8 f. Measurement Accuracy 20 % 10 %
40.8.16-9 g. Local Time Range (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17 Upper Atmospheric Airglow (TBR)
The Earth's upper atmosphere consists of neutral and ionized particles, most of which radiate at various wavelengths due to a variety of physical processes dependent on solar illumination (day/night), particle species, and atmospheric conditions. Measurements of this "airglow" can be used to infer information about the ionosphere (see EDR 40.8.5), neutral atmosphere (EDR 40.8.12), and the solar extreme ultraviolet flux (EDR 40.8.15). In addition, airglow imagery in the equatorial region and on the nightside after sunset can provide signatures of ionospheric disturbances associated with scintillation (EDR 40.8.11). Two types of airglow measurement geometry are possible: limb and disk. Disk measurements in the auroral zone are closely related to the Auroral Imagery requirement (EDR 40.8.3).
Units: rayleighs
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
40.8.17-1 1. Limb 750 km 100 km
40.8.17-2 2. Disk, 0 - 30 deg latitude 200 km 100 km
40.8.17-3 3. Disk, 30 - 50 deg latitude 500 km 250 km
40.8.17-4 4. Disk, 50 - 90 deg latitude 100 km 10 km
b. Horizontal Reporting Interval
40.8.17-5 1. Limb 750 km 100 km
40.8.17-6 2. Disk 100 km 10 km
40.8.17-7 c. Vertical Cell Size (Limb) 20 km 5 km
40.8.17-8 d. Vertical Reporting Interval 20 km 5 km
(Limb)
e. Horizontal Coverage
40.8.17-9 1. Limb (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-10 2. Disk (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-11 f. Vertical Coverage (Limb) (TBS) (TBS)
g. Measurement Range
40.8.17-12 1. Limb, 83.4 nm 20 - 1000 R 10 - 1000 R
40.8.17-13 2. Limb, 91.1 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-14 3. Limb, 135.6 nm 0.2 - 10 kR 0.1 - 10
kR
40.8.17-15 4. Limb, 140-180 nm 0.2 - 30 kR 0.1-30 kR
40.8.17-16 5. Limb, 140-150 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-17 6. Limb, 165-180 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-18 7. Disk, 121.6 nm 1 - 30 kR 0.5 - 30 kR
40.8.17-19 8. Disk, 135.6 nm 4 - 4000 kR 1 - 4000 R
40.8.17-20 9. Disk, 140-180 nm 4 - 5000 kR 1 - 5000 R
40.8.17-21 10. Disk, 140-150 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-22 11. Disk, 165-180 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-23 12. Disk, 630.0 nm (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-24 h. Measurement Accuracy 10 % (TBR) 5 %
40.8.17-25 i. Measurement Precision (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-26 j. Local Time Range (Limb) (TBS) (TBS)
40.8.17-27 k: Maximum Local Average Revisit (TBS) (TBS)
Time (Disk)
40.9 Notes on Space Enviromental EDRs
This section provides additional clarifaction of the nature of the Space Environment EDRs and the connections between them. Examples of techniques for making these measurements are given in order to illustrate and clarify the EDR requirements. These examples are not meant to indicate a program office preference for a particular method for meeting requirements. Alternate approaches which satisfy requirements will be considered equally.
A measurement of the auroral boundary has typically been obtained in one of two ways. (1) In-situ energetic particle measurements (see EDR 40.8.16) can provide an indication of the boundary location in the satellite track. A statistical model of the auroral oval can then be used to extrapolate the location of the boundary to other local times. (2) An optical sensor (see EDR 40.8.3) which scans the Earth's disk can provide a two-dimensional image of the boundary. This can be done at various wavelengths, including the far ultraviolet and visible, but the latter is only useful at night, since auroral signals are overwhelmed during the day by scattered sunlight. A far-ultraviolet sensor can make auroral boundary measurements during both day and night.
Total Auroral Energy Deposition is calculated from measurements of the mean energy and flux of precipitating particles. These measurements may be made in one or both of two ways. (1) In-situ measurements of precipitating ion and electron fluxes (see EDR 40.8.16) may be combined with a statistical model of auroral activity to provide an estimate of the global average. (2) Far-ultraviolet images, or possibly a combination of far-ultraviolet and x-ray images (see EDR 40.8.3), can be used to derive mean precipitating particle energies and fluxes over a wide area, which can then be used to estimate the global average.
Various products can be obtained from auroral imagery, depending on the wavelength(s) imaged. All wavelengths provide information on the location of the Auroral Boundary (EDR 40.8.1), and also allow identification of regions of enhanced auroral activity. (Such regions can impact communications and radar systems.) Infrared and visible wavelength imagery only provide this type of information at night, since auroral signals are overwhelmed during the day by scattered sunlight. Far ultraviolet images involving specific wavelength intervals, or a combination of far-ultraviolet and x-ray images, can also be used to determine maps of precipitating particle mean energy and flux (see EDR 40.8.16). Such maps could subsequently be used to determine the Total Auroral Energy Deposition (see EDR 40.8.2), as well as E-region electron densities in the auroral zone (see EDR 40.8.5). In combination with in-situ particle measurements (EDR 40.8.7), far-ultraviolet images can be used to calculate changes in upper atmospheric neutral densities due to auroral activity (see EDR 40.8.12).
Electric fields may be inferred from measurements of ion drift velocities (see EDR 40.8.7).
A variety of techniques exist for making measurements of various portions of ionospheric electron density profiles. These include in-situ measurements of plasma parameters (EDRs 40.8.8 and 40.8.10), optical remote sensing techniques (EDRs 40.8.3 and 40.8.17), active and passive high frequency remote sensing, and total electron content measurements along lines-of-sight to GPS satellites. The following is a partial list of ionospheric parameters which may be useful to measure or infer as part of an effort to construct complete vertical profiles.
Parameter Definition
NmF2 Peak electron density in the F-region
HmF2 Altitude at which NmF2 occurs for a particular profile
NmE Peak electron density in the E-region
HmE Altitude at which NmE occurs for a particular profile
Htop Topside electron density scale height
Htrans Transition altitude between dominance of oxygen and lighter ions
NNPOESS In-situ electron density at NPOESS altitude
TECtopside Total Electron Content above NPOESS altitude
No comments.
In-situ ion drift velocities can be used to determine electric fields (see EDR 40.8.4).
No comments.
No comments.
No comments.
In addition to direct measurements of amplitude and phase fluctuations, airglow imagery (EDRs 40.8.3 and 40.8.17) of ionospheric signatures in the far ultraviolet can also indicate the possible presence of scintillation for some geophysical regions.
One technique for obtaining neutral densities involves measurement of airglow in the far ultraviolet (see EDR 40.8.17).
No comment.
No comment.
A minimal estimate of the integrated solar EUV flux below 45 nm can be obtained from measurements of far ultraviolet airglow (see EDR 40.8.17). This measurement complements, but does not satisfy threshold requirements for this EDR.
These measurements have a variety of applications. These include calculation of in-track electron density profiles (see EDR 40.8.5) in the auroral zone E-region, calculation of total auroral energy deposition (EDR 40.8.2), and calculation of the auroral boundary location (EDR 40.8.1).
Two types of airglow measurement geometry are possible: limb and disk. The limb-viewing geometry provides the best accuracy of the two for retrieval of ionospheric and neutral atmospheric parameters and comes the closest to retrieving complete vertical profiles. However, the long line-of-sight along the limb makes accurate measurements difficult in the auroral zone, with its high spatial variability. The disk-viewing geometry provides a more detailed information on horizontal structures in the ionosphere on the nightside, but requires additional assumptions to interpret the data, particularly on the dayside and in the auroral zone. Disk measurements in the auroral zone are closely related to the Auroral Imagery requirement (EDR 40.8.3).
The following emission features represent a subset of the possible emission features which could be measured to yield information on electron and neutral density profiles:
Wavelength Upper Atmospheric Source/EDR Product
83.4 nm O+ ion/Dayside electron densities (limb only)
91.1 nm O neutral/Nightside electron densities (limb or disk)
121.6 nm H neutral/Auroral zone proton fluxes (disk only)
135.6 nm O neutral/Night (limb & disk) and dayside (disk only) electron densities & dayside
neutral densities and solar EUV
140-150 nm N2 neutral/Dayside neutral densities (limb & disk) and auroral electron fluxes
(disk only)
165-180 nm N2 neutral/Dayside neutral (limb & disk) and electron (disk only) densities and solar
EUV & auroral electron fluxes (disk only)
630.0 nm O neutral/Nightside electron densities
NPOESS EDR/RDR MATRIX
The real-time high data rate link will contain the following mission data (TBR): a) High (regional) resolution visual and IR imagery (with content similar to the current DMSP fine mode and NOAA High Resolution Picture Transmission) b) Other NPOESS sensor and associated sensor data needed by the HRD field terminals to meet the EDR processing requirements specified in Table E1. c) Other (TBS) data The real-time low data rate link will contain the following mission data (TBR): a) A (TBS) subset of real-time visual, visual night and IR imagery (with content similar to the current NOAA Automatic Picture transmission or future Low Resolution Picture Transmission or DMSP's real time data smooth mode) b) Other NPOESS sensor and associated sensor data needed by the LDR field terminals to meet the EDR processing requirements specified in Table E1. c) Other (TBS) dataThe processing requirements for the Centrals, HDR and LDR processing sites are shown in 50.1 NPOESS EDR/RDR Matrix.50.1 NPOESS EDR/RDR Matrix. R = RDRs and E = EDRs.
PARAMETER DoD (NAVY) DOC DoD (AF/ARMY)
FNMOC HDR LDR NESDIS HDR LDR AFGWC 50 WS HDR LDR
Field Field Field Field Field Field
KEY ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Profile
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Profile
Imagery R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Sea Surface Temperature R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E
Sea Surface Winds R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Soil Moisture R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS
Aerosol Optical Thickness R/E R/E R/E R R/E R/E R/E
Aerosol Particle Size R/E R/E R/E R R/E R/E R/E
Ozone Total Column/Profile R
Precipitable Water R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Precipitation Type/Rate R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Pressure (surface/profile) R/E R/E R/E R R/E R/E R/E
Suspended Matter R/E R/E R/E R R/E R/E R/E
Total Water Content R/E R/E R R/E R/E
CLOUD PARAMETERS
Cloud Base Height R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Cover/Layers R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Effective Particle Size R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Ice Water Path R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Liquid Water R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Optical Depth/Transmittance R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Top Height R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Top Pressure R R R R/E R/E R/E
Cloud Top Temperature R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
EARTH RADIATION BUDGET PARAMETERS
Albedo (Surface) R/E R/E R/E R R/E
Downward Longwave Radiation R/E R/E R
(Surface)
Insolation R/E R/E R
Net Shortwave Radiation (TOA) R/E R
Solar Irradiance R/E R
Total Longwave Radiation (TOA) R/E R
LAND PARAMETERS
Land Surface Temperature R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Normalized Differential R R R
Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Snow Cover/Depth R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Vegetation/Surface Type R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
PARAMETER DoD (NAVY) DOC DoD (AF/ARMY)
FNMOC HDR LDR NESDIS HDR LDR AFGWC 50 WS HDRD LDR
Field Field Field Field Field Field
OCEAN/WATER PARAMETERS
Currents R/E R/E R/E R
Fresh Water Ice R/E R/E R R R R/E R/E R/E
Fresh Water Ice Motion R/E R/E R R R
Ice Surface Temperature R/E R/E R R R R/E
Littoral Sediment Transport R/E R/E R
Net Heat Flux R/E R/E R
Ocean Color/Chlorophyll R/E R/E R R R
Ocean Wave Characteristics R/E R/E R R R
Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Motion R/E R/E R/E R R R R/E
Sea Surface Height/Topography R/E R/E R/E R R R
Surface Wind Stress R/E R/E R R R
Turbidity R/E R/E R/E R
SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
Auroral Boundary R R/E
Auroral Energy Deposition (Total) R R/E
Auroral Imagery R R/E
Electric Field R R/E
Electron Density R R/E
Profile/Ionospheric specification
Geomagnetic Field R/E R/E R/E R R/E
In-Situ Ion Drift Velocity R R/E
In-Situ Plasma Density R R/E
In-Situ Plasma Fluctuations R R/E
In-Situ Plasma Temperature R R/E
Ionospheric Scintillation R R/E
Neutral Density Profiles/Neutral R R/E
Atmospheric Spec
Radiation Belt and Low Energy R/E R R/E
Solar Particles
Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray R/E R R/E
Particles
Solar EUV Flux R R/E
Supra Thermal through Auroral R R/E
Energy Particles
Upper Atmospheric Airglow R R/E
OTHER PARAMETERS
Surface Data Collection stored real-time
(TBR)
Search and Rescue
Data to be available at the 13
S&R Mission Control Centers and
25 S&R Local User Terminals
(LUTs)
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
%CVCM Percent Collected Volatile Condensable Material
%TML Percent Total Mass Loss
Trms Root Mean Square Temperature Difference
AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations
AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A
Ao Operational Availability
ASAT Anti-satellite
ASD Acceleration Spectral Density
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BC Bus controller
BIT Built-In-Test
Btu/hr-ft2 British Thermal Units per hour-foot squared
C Centigrade
CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
C&DH Command and Data Handling
C&T Command and Telemitry
C3 Command, Control, and Communications
C3S Command, Control, and Communications Segment
CCA Contamination Control Analysis
CCP Contamination Control Plan
c.g. Center of Gravity
CI Configuration Item
CMIS Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
COMPUSEC Computer Security
COMSEC Communications Security
COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf
CrIMSS Cross-track Infrared/Microwave Sounding Suite
CrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder
CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item
CVCM Collected Volatile Condensable Material
dB Decibels
DEW Directed Energy Weapon
DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DOC Department of Commerce
DOD Department of Defense
ECCM Electronic Counter-Counter Measures
EDR Environmental Data Record
EED ElectroExplosive Device
EELV Expendable Evolved Launch Vehicle
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EESS Earth Environmental Sensor System
EO Electro-optical
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act
ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
EW Electronic Warfare
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
FOR Field of Regard
FOV Field of View
Fsu Factor of Safety - ultimate
Fsy Factor of Safety - yield
g Gram
GFE Government Furnished Equipment
GHz Giga-Hertz
GLONASS Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System
GMM Geometric Math Model
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSOS Global Positioning System Occultation Sensor
GSD Ground Sample Distance
GSE Ground Support Equipment
HPBW Half Power Beam Width
HSR Horizontal Spatial Resolution
HWCI Hardware Configuration Item
Hz Hertz
I&T Integration and Test
ICD Interface Control Document
IDPS Interface Data Processor Segment
IFOR Instantaneous Field of Regard
IFOV Instantaneous Field of View
IGS Inertial Guidance System
ILS Integrated Logistics Support
IOC Initial Operational Capability
IORD Integrated Operational Requirements Document
IOT&E Initial Operational Test and Evaluation
IPO Integrated Program Office
IR Infrared
IRD Interface Requirements Document
ITU International Telecommunications Union
IW Information Warfare
JSC NASA Johnson Spaceflight Center
kbps kilobits per second
KEW Kinetic Energy Weapon
Kg Kilogram
kHz Kilohertz
LHCP Left-hand Circular Polarization
LOS Line-of-Sight
LST Land Surface Temperature
LV Launch Vehicle
m Meters
METOP EUMETSAT Meteriological Observation Satellite System
MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder
MLI Multi-Layer Insulation
MLV Medium Launch Vehicle
MMA Moving Mechanical Assembly
MTBCF Mean Time Between Critical Failure
MTTRF Mean Time To Restore Function
NAIC National Air Intelligence Center
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NEA Non-Explosive Actuator
NEDN Noise Equivalent Difference Irradiance
NEDT Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference
NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOFORN Not Releasable to Foreign Nationals
NPOESS National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Agency
NRZ Not Return To Zero
ns Nano-seconds
NVR Non-Volatile Residue
OATS Government Operational Algorithm Teams
ODS Ozone Depleting Substance
OMPS Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
OPD Optical Path Difference
ORD Operational Requirements Document
PHS&T Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation
PLF Payload Fairing
POD Precise Orbit Determination
POES Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite
pps Pulse Per Second
P3I Potential Pre-Planned Product Improvement
RDR Raw Data Record
RHCP Right-hand Circular Polarization
RT Remote Terminal
S&R Search and Rescue
S/A Selective Availability
SCA Satellite Control Authority
SDC Surface Data Collection
SDR Sensor Data Record
SGLS Satellite Ground Link System
SI International System of Units (Metric)
SINDA Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer
SIP Standard Interface Plane
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SOC Satellite Operations Center
SOH State of Health
SS Space Segment
SST Sea Surface Temperature
SRD Sensor Requirements Document
SRR System Requirements Review
STAR Systems Threat Assessment Report
SV Space Vehicle
TAR Tape Archives
TBD To Be Determined (by contractor)
TBR To Be Resolved (by contractor/government)
TBS To Be Supplied (by government)
TDR Temperature Data Record
TEMPEST Computer Emissions Security Standard
TML Total Mass Loss
TMM Thermal Math Model
TRASYS Thermal Radiation Analysis System
TRD Technical Requirements Document
TSPR Total System Performance Responsibility
Tu Third Stokes Parameter
Tv Fourth Stokes Parameter
ULOSA Unit-Level Open System Architecture
USAF United States Air Force
USG United States Government
UTC Universal Time Code
UV Ultraviolet
VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
V Vertical
WNINTEL Warning Notice - Intelligence Sources
APPENDIX G
POTENTIAL PRE-PLANNED PRODUCT IMPROVEMENTS
70.1 Potential Pre-planned Product Improvements. This paragraph describes elements of the NPOESS mission needs having potentially restrictive technical or programmatic uncertainties identified as a result of Phase 0 Concept studies. DOC and DoD maintain a need for these observations, and prioritize them in terms of mission criticality below. The NPOESS Demonstration/ Validation (Phase 1) allows for continued examination of possible solutions to these needs, including new or modified instrumentation in future space segments beyond NPOESS IOC. Candidate technologies for meeting these needs should be examined in NPOESS Phase 1 for possible inclusion at a later time. No thresholds are stated.
70.1.1 Tropospheric Winds (DOC/DoD). Wind measured throughout the troposphere. Wind profile required for cloud returns and planetary boundary layer aerosol returns.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A surface to 20 km
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 50 km
c. Vertical Sampling N/A 0.1 km
Interval
d. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 10 km
e. Measurement Range N/A 0-100 m/s
f. Measurement Precision N/A 0.5 m/s, vector winds
g. Measurement Accuracy N/A 1 m/s, horiz.
components
h. Maximum Local Average N/A 1 hour
Revisit Time
70.1.2 Ozone Profile - High-Resolution (DOC). Measurement of ozone concentration within a specified volume.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A (TBD)
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 250 km
(Profile)
c. Vertical Cell Size
(Profile)
1. 0-10 km N/A 3 km
2. 10-25 km N/A 1 km
3. 25-60 km N/A 3 km
d. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 25 km
(Profile)
e. Measurement Range
(Profile) N/A 0.01-3 ppmv
1. 0-10 km N/A 0.1-15 ppmv
2. 10-60 km
f. Measurement Precision
(Profile) N/A 10 %
1. 0-10 km N/A 3 %
2. 10-15 km N/A 1 %
3. 15-50 km N/A 3 %
4. 50-60 km
g. Measurement Accuracy
(Profile) N/A 10 %
1. 0-10 km: N/A N/A 10 %
2. 10-15 km: 20 % N/A 5 %
3. 15-60 km: 10 %
h. Maximum Local Average N/A 24 hours
Revisit Time (Profile)
i. Long Term Stability N/A 1 %
(Profile)
70.1.3 CH4 (Methane) Column (DOC). Measure of amount of methane contained in a specified volume of air.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A Total column
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 100 km
c. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 25 km
d. Measurement Range N/A 40-80 moles/cm2
e. Measurement Precision N/A 1 %
f. Measurement Accuracy N/A 5%
g. Maximum Local Average N/A 24 hours
Revisit Time
70.1.4 CO (Carbon Monoxide) Column (DOC). Measure of carbon monoxide in a specified volume of air.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A Total column
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 100 km
c. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 25 km
d. Measurement Range N/A 0 - 7 moles/cm2
e. Measurement Precision N/A 3 %
f. Measurement Accuracy N/A 5%
g. Maximum Local Average N/A 24 hours
Revisit Time
70.1.5 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) Column (DOC). Retrievals of column and total carbon dioxide, calibrated by the users with ground-based measurements, of stated precision needed to afford deduction of long-term variations and trends.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A Total column
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 100 km
c. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 25 km
d. Measurement Range N/A 11,000 - 15,000
moles/cm2
e. Measurement Precision N/A 15-20 moles/cm2
f. Measurement Accuracy N/A (TBD)
g. Maximum Local Average N/A 24 hours
Revisit Time
70.1.6 Optical Backgrounds (DoD). Emissions are the result of interactions between precipitating energetic particles and solar ultraviolet radiation with neutral atmospheric constituents.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Coverage N/A Global
b. Horizontal Cell Size N/A 10 km
c. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 50 km
d. Measurement Range
1. Wavelength N/A 1-29 microns, 0.4-0.7
N/A microns, 0.04-0.2 microns
2. Brightness N/A (TBD)
e. Measurement Precision N/A (TBD)
f. Measurement Accuracy N/A (TBD)
g. Maximum Local Average N/A each orbit
Revisit Time
70.1.7 Bathymetry (Deep Ocean and Near Shore) (DoD). Vertical depth of water.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage
1. Deep Ocean N/A 0-300 m
2. Near shore N/A 0-200 m
b. Horizontal Cell Size
1. Deep Ocean N/A 300 m
2. Near shore N/A (TBD)
c. Vertical Cell Size N/A 1 m
d. Mapping Uncertainty N/A 10 m
e. Measurement Range
1. Deep Ocean N/A 0-300 m
2. Near shore N/A 0-200 m
f. Measurement Accuracy N/A 0.3 m
g. Maximum Local Average N/A (TBD)
Revisit Time
70.1.8 Bioluminescence (DoD). A measurement of the number of bioluminescent organisms present in sea water within a region.
Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell N/A (TBD)
Size
b. Mapping Uncertainty N/A (TBD)
c. Measurement N/A (TBD)
Accuracy
d. Maximum Local N/A (TBD)
Average Revisit Time
70.1.9 Salinity (DoD/DoC). A measure of the quantity of dissolved materials in sea water. A formal definition is "the total amount of solid materials, in grams, contained in one kilogram of sea water, when all the carbonate has been converted to oxide, the bromine and iodine converted to chlorine, and all organic matter is completely oxidized. Units of measurement are parts per thousand, by weight."
Thresholds Objectives
a. Vertical Coverage N/A 0-300 m
b. Horizontal Cell
Size
1. Global N/A 20 km
2. Regional N/A 0.25 km
c. Vertical Cell Size
1. Global N/A 10 m
2. Regional N/A 2 m
d. Mapping Uncertainty
1. Global N/A 5 km
2. Regional N/A 0.25 km
e. Measurement Range N/A 0-40 ppt
f. Measurement N/A 0.1 ppt
Precision
g. Measurement
Accuracy
1. Global N/A (TBD)
2. Regional N/A 0.5 ppt
h. Maximum Local N/A 72 hours
Average Revisit Time
APPENDIX H
TEST VERIFICATION MATRIX
(TBD)