CONICAL SCANNING MICROWAVE IMAGER/SOUNDER (CMIS)
Sensor Requirements Document (SRD)
for
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (NPOESS) SPACECRAFT AND SENSORS
Prepared by
Associate Directorate for Acquisition
NPOESS Integrated Program Office
17 March 1997
Integrated Program Office
Silver Spring MD 20910
Table of Contents i1. SCOPE 11.1 IDENTIFICATION 11.2 SENSOR OVERVIEW 11.3 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 11.3.1 Conflicts 11.3.2 Requirement Weighting Factors 21.4 SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS N/A 22. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 32.1 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 32.2 NONGOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 42.3 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 43. SENSOR REQUIREMENTS 73.1 DEFINITION 73.1.1 Sensor Description 73.1.2 System Segments N/A 73.1.3 Specification Tree 73.1.4 Top-Level Functions 83.1.4.1 Top-Level Sensor Functions 83.1.4.2 Top Level Algorithm Functions 83.1.5 Sensor Modes 93.1.5.1 Sensor Off Mode 93.1.5.2 Sensor Operations Mode 93.1.5.3 Sensor Diagnostic Mode 93.1.5.4 Sensor Safe Hold Mode 93.1.5.5 CMIS Specific Sensor Modes (TBR) 93.1.6 Operational and Organizational Concept 103.1.6.1 Expendable Launch Vehicle Concept N/A 103.1.6.2 Launch Operations Concept 103.1.6.2.1 Pre-Launch 103.1.6.2.2 Launch 103.1.6.3 On-orbit Operational Concept 103.1.6.3.1 On-orbit Tests 103.1.6.3.2 On-orbit Operations (TBR) 113.1.7 Missions 113.2 SENSOR SUITE CHARACTERISTICS 113.2.1 Performance Characteristics 113.2.1.1 Performance Requirements 113.2.1.1.1 EDR Requirements 113.2.1.1.1.1 EDR Requirements 123.2.1.1.2 Sensor Data Record (SDR) Requirements (TBR) 263.2.1.1.2.1 Definition 263.2.1.1.2.2 Requirements 263.2.1.1.3 Temperature Data Record (TDR) Requirements (TBR) 273.2.1.1.3.1 Definition 273.2.1.1.3.2 Requirements 273.2.1.1.4 Raw Data Record (RDR) Requirements (TBR ) 273.2.1.1.4.1 Definition 273.2.1.1.4.2 Requirements 273.2.1.1.5 Algorithms 283.2.1.1.5.1 Convertibility to Operational Algorithms 283.2.1.1.5.2 Performance Requirements 293.2.1.2 CMIS Channels 293.2.1.2.1 Definition 293.2.1.2.2 Number of Channels 293.2.1.3 CMIS Frequency Bands 293.2.1.3.1 Use Of Allocated Frequency Bands 293.2.1.3.2 CMIS Frequency Bands: Exceptions 313.2.1.3.2.1 The 183 GHz Water Vapor Band (TBR) 313.2.1.3.2.2 Additional Exceptions 313.2.1.4 Sensitivity 323.2.1.4.1 Definition 323.2.1.4.2 Requirement 323.2.1.5 Measurement Accuracy 323.2.1.5.1 Absolute Radiometric Accuracy 323.2.1.5.1.1 Definition 323.2.1.5.1.2 Requirement 323.2.1.5.2 Interchannel Accuracy (TBR) 333.2.1.5.2.1 Definition 333.2.1.5.2.2 Requirement 333.2.1.5.3 Polarimetric Channels 333.2.1.5.3.1 Definition 333.2.1.5.3.2 Accuracy Requirement 333.2.1.5.3.3 Unwanted Bias (TBR) 343.2.1.6 Radiometer Transfer Function Requirements 343.2.1.6.1 Definition (TBR) 343.2.1.6.2 Linearity 343.2.1.6.3 Dynamic Range 343.2.1.6.4 Quantization 343.2.1.6.5 RF Pass-Band Characteristics 353.2.1.6.5.1 Definition (TBR) 353.2.1.6.5.2 Variability (pass-band ripple) 353.2.1.6.5.3 Center Frequency Stability 353.2.1.6.6 Gain Stability 353.2.1.6.6.1 Definition (TBR) 353.2.1.6.6.2 Short-Term Gain Stability 353.2.1.6.6.3 Long-Term Gain Stability 353.2.1.6.6.4 Stability of Polarimetric Channels (TBR) 353.2.1.6.7 Channel-to-Channel Isolation 363.2.1.6.7.1 Definition 363.2.1.6.7.2 Requirement 363.2.1.6.8 Out-of-band Rejection 363.2.1.6.8.1 Definition 363.2.1.6.8.2 Requirement 363.2.1.7 Scan and Sampling Requirements 363.2.1.7.1 Number and Types of Scan Modes 363.2.1.7.2 Swath Width and Field of Regard 373.2.1.7.2.1 Definitions (TBR) 373.2.1.7.2.2 Requirement 373.2.1.7.3 CMIS Horizontal Spatial Resolution and Sampling (TBR) 373.2.1.7.3.1 CMIS Horizontal Spatial Resolution 373.2.1.7.3.2 CMIS Horizontal Spatial Sampling 373.2.1.7.3.3 Scan Rate 383.2.1.7.4 Pre-Sampling Filter Characteristics 383.2.1.7.5 Scan Position Knowledge 383.2.1.8 Antenna Requirements 383.2.1.8.1 Antenna Beam Characteristics 383.2.1.8.1.1 Antenna Half Power Beam Width 383.2.1.8.1.2 Main Beam Efficiency 393.2.1.8.1.3 Antenna Beam Uniformity 393.2.1.8.1.4 Maximum Relative Sidelobe Level (TBR) 403.2.1.8.2 Beam Alignment (TBR) 403.2.1.8.2.1 Beam Pointing Accuracy 403.2.1.8.2.2 Beam Pointing Knowledge 403.2.1.8.2.3 Beam Co-registration (TBR) 413.2.1.8.2.4 Individual Beam Offsets 413.2.1.8.2.5 Maximum Allowed Beam Alignment Change (TBR) 413.2.1.9 Polarization Requirements (TBR) 413.2.1.9.1 Antenna Polarization Characteristics for Non-Polarimetric Channels 413.2.1.9.1.1 Definitions 413.2.1.9.1.2 Polarization Alignment 423.2.1.9.1.3 Orthogonality 423.2.1.9.1.4 Cross Polarization Isolation 423.2.1.9.2 Antenna Polarization Characteristics for Polarimetric Channels 423.2.1.9.2.1 Polarization Alignment for Polarimetric Channels (TBR) 433.2.1.9.2.2 Orthogonality Requirement for Polarimetric Channels 433.2.1.9.2.3 Cross Polarization Isolation Requirement for Polarimetric Channels 433.2.1.9.3 Polarization Purity (TBR) 433.2.1.10 Calibration (TBR) 433.2.1.10.1 Type of Calibration 433.2.1.10.1.1 Pre-Launch Calibration 433.2.1.10.1.2 On-orbit Calibration 443.2.1.10.2 Frequency of Calibration 443.2.1.10.2.1 Pre-Launch Calibration 443.2.1.10.2.2 On-orbit Calibration 443.2.1.10.3 Calibration Source Requirements 453.2.1.10.3.1 Pre-launch Calibration 453.2.1.10.3.2 On-Orbit Calibration 463.2.1.10.4 Calibration Error Analysis 473.2.1.10.4.1 Pre-launch Calibration 473.2.1.10.4.2 On-orbit Calibration 473.2.1.11 Doppler Correction or Tracking [TBR] 483.2.1.12 Earth Location Requirements 483.2.1.12.1. Definition 483.2.1.12.2 Requirements 483.2.1.12.2.1 Allocations 483.2.1.12.3 Sensor Reference Axes Alignment 483.2.1.12.4 CMIS Line-of-Sight (LOS) Pointing Knowledge 493.2.1.12.5 CMIS LOS Jitter and Drift Requirements 493.2.1.12.5.1 Definition of Jitter 493.2.1.13 Standard Earth Scenes 493.2.1.14 Data Formatting and Compression (TBR) 513.2.2 Sensor Capability Relationships 513.2.2.1 Reference Timelines 513.2.3 Interface Requirements 513.2.4 Physical and Interface Characteristics 533.2.4.0.1 Mass 533.2.4.0.2 Dimensions 533.2.4.0.3 Power 533.2.4.0.4 Data Rate 533.2.4.0.5 Sensor Spacecraft Location (TBR) 533.2.4.1 Mass Properties 54543.2.4.1.1 Sensor Mass Documentation 543.2.4.1.2 Sensor Mass Variability Documentation 543.2.4.1.3 Center of Mass 543.2.4.1.3.1 Center of Mass Allocation 543.2.4.1.3.2 Center of Mass Measurement and Documentation 543.2.4.1.4 Moments of Inertia 543.2.4.1.4.1 Moments of Inertia Measurement 543.2.4.1.4.2 Moments of Inertia Accuracy 553.2.4.1.4.3 Moments of Inertia Documentation 553.2.4.1.4.4 Moments of Inertia Variation Documentation 553.2.4.2 Dimensions 553.2.4.2.1 Physical Interface 553.2.4.2.1.1 Stowed and Critical Clearances 553.2.4.2.1.2 Mounting Provisions 563.2.4.2.1.3 Alignment 573.2.4.2.1.4 Structural Support 583.2.4.2.1.5 Sensor Structural Dynamics 583.2.4.3 Power 593.2.4.3.1 Sensor Internal Power 593.2.4.3.1.1 Peak Power TBD 593.2.4.3.1.2 Power Cycle TBD 593.2.4.3.1.3 On-orbit Power TBD 593.2.4.3.1.4 Launch Power TBD 593.2.4.3.1.5 End-of-life Power TBD 593.2.4.3.2 Sensor External Power 593.2.4.3.3 Electrical Power Interface Requirements 593.2.4.3.3.1 Electrical Interfaces 593.2.4.3.3.2 Electrical Current 613.2.4.3.3.3 Grounds, Returns, and References 613.2.4.3.3.4 Power Harnesses 623.2.4.3.3.5 Signal Cabling 623.2.4.4 Survivability 633.2.4.5 Endurance (TBR) 633.2.4.6 Protective Coatings and Finishes 633.2.4.7 Thermal 643.2.4.7.1 General 643.2.4.7.2 Thermal Isolation to Spacecraft 643.2.4.7.3 Heat Transfer 643.2.4.7.3.1 Heat Transfer 643.2.4.7.3.2 Radiation 643.2.4.7.4 Temperature Ranges 653.2.4.7.4.1 Spacecraft Temperature Range 653.2.4.7.4.2 Thermal Uncertainty Margins 653.2.4.7.4.3 Sensor Temperature Range 653.2.4.7.5 Temperature Monitoring 653.2.4.7.5.1 Mechanical Mounting Interface Temperature Monitoring 653.2.4.7.5.2 Sensor Temperature Monitoring 653.2.4.7.5.3 Temperature Sensor Locations 663.2.4.7.6 Thermal Control Design 663.2.4.7.6.1 Thermal Control Hardware 663.2.4.7.6.2 Survival Heater Design 663.2.4.7.6.3 Multilayer Insulation 673.2.4.7.6.4 Other Considerations 673.2.4.8 Data and Command Interface 673.2.4.8.1 General Command Electrical 673.2.4.8.1.1 Interface Conductors 673.2.4.8.1.2 Interface Circuitry Isolation 673.2.4.8.1.3 Interface Fault Tolerance 673.2.4.8.1.4 Power Bus 673.2.4.8.2 Command and Telemetry Data Bus Requirements 683.2.4.8.2.1 Bus Functions 683.2.4.8.2.2 Bus Type 683.2.4.8.2.3 Bus Configuration 693.2.4.8.3 General Bus Requirements 693.2.4.8.3.1 Electrical Interface 693.2.4.8.3.2 Data Bus Monitoring 703.2.4.8.4 Sensor Commands and Memory Load 703.2.4.8.4.1 Command Types 703.2.4.8.4.2 Packetization for Commands and Memory Loads 703.2.4.8.4.3 Documentation 703.2.4.8.4.4 Critical Commands 713.2.4.8.4.5 Frame Sync and Time Code Data 713.2.4.8.5 Health and Status Telemetry Data 713.2.4.8.5.1 Telemetry Diagnostic Data 713.2.4.8.6 Low Rate Science Data 713.2.4.8.6.1 Telemetry and Low Rate Data Packetization 713.2.4.8.7 Data Bus Sampling Rate 713.2.4.9 High Rate Bus 723.2.4.9.1 Bus Functions 723.2.4.9.2 High Rate Data Bus Transmission Rate 723.2.4.9.3 Bus Type 723.2.4.9.4 High Rate Data Packetization 723.2.5 Sensor Quality Factors 723.2.5.1 Reliability 723.2.5.1.1 Operational Service Life 723.2.5.1.2 Maintainability 723.2.6 Environmental Conditions 733.2.6.1 Natural Environment Characteristics 733.2.6.1.1 Total Ionizing Dose Environment 733.2.6.1.2 Cosmic Ray and High Energy Proton Environment 743.2.6.1.2.1 Single Events Radiation Environment 743.2.6.1.2.2 Displacement Damage 753.2.6.2 Launch Environment 753.2.6.2.1 Thermal (TBS) 753.2.6.2.1.1 Temperatures 753.2.6.2.1.2 Heat Flux (TBS) 763.2.6.2.1.3 Free Molecular Heating 763.2.6.2.2 Shock (TBS) 773.2.6.2.3 Acceleration Load Factors 773.2.6.2.4 Vibration 773.2.6.2.5 Acoustics 773.2.7 Transportability 793.2.8 Flexibility and Expansion 803.2.8.1 Operational Computer Resource Reserves 803.2.8.1.1 Computer Resource Reserves for Operational Space Elements 803.2.8.1.1.1 Data Processing Processor Reserves 803.2.8.1.1.2 Data Processing Primary Memory Reserves 803.2.8.1.1.3 Data Processing Peripheral Data Storage (Secondary Memory) Reserves 803.2.8.1.1.4 Data Processing Data Transmission Media 813.2.8.1.1.5 Data Processing Software/Firmware 813.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 813.3.1 Materials 813.3.1.1 Toxic Products and Formulations 813.3.1.2 Parts Selection 813.3.1.3 Material Selection 823.3.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 823.3.2.1 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Filtering of Spacecraft Power 823.3.2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility 823.3.2.2.1 General 823.3.2.2.2 Baseline Requirements 833.3.2.2.2.1 Sensor Electromagnetic Compatibility 833.3.2.2.2.2 Interface Margins 833.3.2.2.3 External Environment 833.3.2.2.2.3 Spacecraft Charging from All Sources 843.3.2.3.3 Wiring 843.3.2.3.4 Conducted and Radiated Interface Requirements 843.3.2.3.4.1 Radiated Emission RE101 843.3.2.3.4.2 Radiated Emissions RE102 843.3.2.3.4.3 Radiated Susceptibility RS101 843.3.2.3.4.4 Radiated Susceptibility RS103 843.3.3 Nameplates and Product Marking (See 5.2) 853.3.4 Workmanship 853.3.5 Interchangeability 853.3.6 Safety Requirements 853.3.6.1 Design Safety Criteria 853.3.7 Human Engineering 863.3.8 Nuclear Control 863.3.9 Security 863.3.9.1 Communications Security (COMSEC) 863.3.9.2 Computer Security (COMPUSEC) 873.3.10 Government Furnished Property Usage 873.3.11 Computer Resources 873.3.11.1 Operational Computer Resources 873.3.11.1.1 Operational Computational Equipment 873.3.11.1.2 Operational Application Software (TBD) 873.3.11.1.3 Operating Systems Used in Operational Computers 873.3.11.1.3.1 Sensors Flight Software Requirements 873.3.11.1.3.2 Programming Language 873.3.11.1.4 Software Coding Conventions 883.3.11.1.5 Year 2000 Software Requirements 883.3.12 Sensor Design Requirements 883.3.12.1 General Structural Design 883.3.12.2 Strength Requirements 883.3.12.2.1 Yield Load 883.3.12.2.2 Ultimate Load 883.3.12.3 Stiffness Requirements 893.3.12.3.1 Dynamic Properties 893.3.12.3.2 Structural Stiffness 893.3.12.3.3 Component Stiffness 893.3.12.4 Structural Factors of Safety 893.3.12.4.1 Flight Limit Loads 893.3.12.4.2 Pressure Loads (TBR) 903.3.12.5 Design Load Conditions 913.3.12.6 Sensor Fluid Subsystems 913.3.12.6.1 Tubing 913.3.12.6.2 Separable Fittings 913.3.12.7 Moving Mechanical Assemblies 923.3.12.7.1 Actuating Devices (See 3.3.6.1) 923.3.12.7.2 Sensor Disturbance Allocation 923.3.12.7.3 Sensor Mechanisms 923.3.12.7.4 Uncompensated Momentum 923.3.12.7.5 Sensor Disturbance Allocations 923.3.12.7.5.1 Constant and Periodic Disturbance Torque Limits 923.3.12.7.5.2 Torque Profile Documentation 933.3.12.7.5.3 Thrust Direction Definition 933.3.12.8 Magnetics 933.3.12.9 Access 943.3.12.9.1 Access Identification 943.3.12.9.2 General Access 943.3.12.10 Mounting/Handling 943.3.12.10.1 Handling Fixtures 943.3.12.10.2 Mounting Orientation 943.3.12.10.3 Sensor to Spacecraft Integration and Test Mounting 943.3.12.10.4 Non-Flight Equipment 943.3.12.11 Venting 953.3.13 Operational Ground Equipment: General Design Requirements (TBD) 953.3.14 Non-operational Ground Equipment: (TBD) 953.3.15 General Construction Requirements 953.3.15.1 Processes and Controls for Space Equipment 953.3.15.1.1 Assembly Lots 963.3.15.1.2 Contamination (TBR) 963.3.15.1.2.1 Contamination Control Requirements 963.3.15.1.2.2 Facility Environmental Requirements 973.3.15.1.2.3 Sensor Inspection and Cleaning During I&T 973.3.15.1.2.4 Sensor Purge Requirements 973.3.15.1.2.5 Fabrication and Handling 973.3.15.1.2.6 Device Cleanliness 983.3.15.1.2.7 Outgassing Sensor Sources of Contamination 983.3.15.1.2.8 Atomic Oxygen Contamination 983.3.15.1.3 Electrostatic Discharge 993.4 DOCUMENTATION 993.4.1 Specifications 993.4.2 Interface Control Documents 993.4.3 Drawings and Associated List 993.4.4 Software (Including Databases). 993.4.5 Technical Manuals 993.5 LOGISTICS (TBD) 993.5.1 Maintenance Planning (TBD) 993.5.1.1 Sensor Maintenance Concepts (TBD) 1003.5.2 Support Equipment (TBD) 1003.5.3 Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation (PHS&T) (TBD) 1003.5.4 Facilities (TBR) 1003.6 PERSONNEL AND TRAINING (TBD) 1003.7 SENSOR SUITE COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICS (if required) (TBD) 1004. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND TESTING PROVISIONS 1014.1 Quality Assurance 1014.1.1 SPECIAL TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS 1014.1.1.1 Inspections and Tests of the Sensor 1014.1.1.1.1 Sensor Parts, Materials, and Process Controls. 1014.1.1.1.2 Sensor Records. 1014.1.1.1.3 Sensor Manufacturing Screens 1024.1.1.1.4 Non-conforming Material 1024.1.1.1.5 Sensor Design Verification Tests 1024.2 TESTING 1024.2.1 Philosophy of Testing 1024.2.2 Location of Testing 1024.2.3 Physical Models 1024.2.3.1 Engineering Development Unit (EDU) 1024.2.3.2 Mass Model 1034.2.3.3 Spacecraft/Sensor Mechanical Interface Simulator (TBS) 1034.2.3.4 Spacecraft/Sensor Electrical Interface Simulator (TBS) 1034.2.4 Math Model Requirements 1034.2.4.1 Finite Element Model 1034.2.4.2 Thermal Math Model 1034.2.5 Structural Analyses 1044.2.6 Developmental Testing 1044.2.7 Acceptance and Protoqualification Testing 1044.2.7.1 Random Vibration Testing 1054.2.7.1.1 Acceptance Level Random Vibration Testing 1054.2.7.1.2 Protoqualification Level Random Vibration Testing 1064.2.7.2 Sine Vibration Testing 1074.2.7.2.1 Acceptance Level Sine Vibration Testing 1084.2.7.2.2 Protoqualification Level Sine Vibration Testing 1084.2.7.2.3 Design Strength 1084.2.7.3 Acceleration Testing 1084.2.7.4 Shock Testing 1094.2.7.4.2 Protoqualification Level Sensor Shock Testing 1094.2.7.5 Acoustic Testing 1104.2.7.5.1 Acceptance Level Acoustic Testing 1104.2.7.5.2 Protoqualification Level Acoustic Testing 1114.2.7.6 Thermal Testing 1114.2.8 EMC/EMI Testing 1114.2.9 Current Margin Testing 1124.2.10 Deployment Testing 1124.2.11 Outgassing 1124.2.12 Requalification of Existing Designs. 1124.2.13 Lifetime Testing 1124.2.14 Pre-launch Validation Tests. 1124.2.14.1 Sensor Pre-launch Validation Tests. 1134.3 VERIFICATION 1134.3.1 Standard Scenes 1134.3.2 Verification Methods 1134.3.3 Requirements Validation 1144.3.4 Data Bases 1144.3.5 External/Built-in Testing 1154.3.6 Burn-in 1155. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY 1155.1 PRESERVATION AND PACKAGING 1155.2 MARKINGS 115
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1.3 Specification Tree. 8Figure 3.2.1.7.1 CMIS Scan Geometry. 36FIGURE 3.2.1.9.1.1. Illustration of the Vertical and Horizontal Polarization Alignment and Geometry for the CMIS. 42Figure 3.2.3 Sensor Interfaces 52Figure 3.2.4.3.3.1. Spacecraft-Sensor Electrical Interfaces 60Figure 3.2.4.8.2. Data Transfer Interface 68Figure 3.2.4.8.2.3. Command and Data Handling Interface Topology 69Figure 3.2.6.2.1.1 Maximum PLF Inner Temperatures 76Figure 3.2.6.2.3 MLV Quasi-Static Load Factors 77Figure 3.2.6.2.5 MLV Acoustic Levels 78Figure 3.3.12.7.5.1 Allowable Transmitted Torque 93Figure 4.2.7.1.1 Random Vibration - Acceptance Levels 106Figure 4.2.7.1.2 Random Vibration - Protoqualification Levels 107Figure 4.2.7.2.2 Sinusoidal Protoqualification Test Levels 108Figure 4.2.7.4 Shock Spectrum (Q=10) 109
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 3.2.1.3.1 FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS FOR REMOTE SENSING 30Table 3.2.1.5.1.2 Measurement Accuracy Requirements for each channel. 32Table 3.2.1.5.2.2 CMIS Interchannel Accuracy Requirements 33Table 3.2.1.8.1 Antenna Beam Characteristics 38TABLE 3.2.1.12.2. EARTH LOCATION REQUIREMENTS ERROR BUDGET 48Table 3.2.4.7.3.2 Worse-Case Hot and Cold Environments 65Table 3.2.4.7.6.1. Thermal Control Hardware Responsibility 66Table 3.2.6.1.1 Total Ionizing Dose Environment 73Table 3.2.6.2.5 Maximum Acoustic Levels 79Table 3.3.12.4.1 Structural Design Factors of Safety 89Table 3.3.12.4.2 Factors of Safety for Pressurized Components 90Table 4.2.7.1.1 Random Vibration - Acceptance Test Levels 105Table 4.2.7.1.2 Random Vibration - Protoqualification Levels 107Table 4.2.7.2.2 Sinusoidal Test Levels 108Table 4.2.7.5.1 Acceptance Acoustics Levels 1101. SCOPE
This Sensor Requirements Document sets forth the requirements of the CONICAL SCANNING MICROWAVE IMAGER/SOUNDER which is part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and is hereinafter referred to as the CMIS.
The purpose of the CMIS is to collect global microwave radiometry and sounding data. This data will be processed to produce microwave imagery and other specialized meteorological and oceanographic data using algorithms developed in conjunction with the flight hardware. The data will be processed from Raw Data Records (RDRs) into Sensor Data Records (SDRs), Temperature Data Records (TDRs) and Environmental Data Records (EDRs). Data will be disseminated to users worldwide by the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce and the European Meteorological Organization.
This document contains all performance requirements for the CMIS sensor suite. The contractor should use this document as the basis of a proposed sensor suite specification. The documentation listed in Section 2.0 follows an approach of minimum specifications and standards. The contractor may add to or revise the documents listed in Section 2.0 in coordination with the government. Section 3, Sensor Requirements, provides the detailed requires for the CMIS sensor suite. This section includes the CMIS performance characteristics, design and construction, and related specifications.
The term "(TBD)" applied to a missing requirement means that the contractor should determine the missing requirement in coordination with the government. The term "(TBS)" means that the government will supply the missing information in the course of the contract. The term "(TBR)" means that the requirement is subject to review for appropriateness by the contractor or the government. The government may change "(TBR)" requirements in the course of the contract.
Section 4, Quality Assurance and Testing Provisions, provides for the testing, verification and quality assurance for the CMIS sensor suite. Of particular note in this section is the Verification Cross Reference (Section 4.3) and the related matrix (Appendix H). Section 5, Preparation and Delivery, covers preservation, packaging and marking for the CMIS sensor suite. Appendix A contains a definition of the terms used throughout the document. Appendix B, NPOESS Survivability Requirements, is classified and will be made available after contract award. Appendix C provides characteristics of the SDRs, and is presently (TBR). Appendix D contains the NPOESS EDR requirements. Appendix E contains the RDRs and EDRs required for each Central and Field Terminal (TBR). Appendix F defines the acronyms and abbreviations used throughout the document. Appendix G describes Potential Pre-planned Product Improvements. Appendix H is the Verification Cross Reference Matrix (TBD).
SRDC1.3.1-1
In the event of conflict between any referenced documents and the contents of this specification, the contents of this specification shall be the superseding requirements.
SRDC1.3.1-2
In the event of a conflict involving the external interface requirements, or in the event of any other unresolved conflict, the contracting officer shall determine the order of precedence.
The requirements stated in this specification are not of equal importance or weight. The following three paragraphs define the weighting factors incorporated in this specification.
a. Shall designates the most important weighting level; that is, mandatory. Any deviations from these contractually imposed mandatory requirements require the approval of the contracting officer.
b. Should designates requirements requested by the government and are not mandatory. Unless required by other contract provisions, noncompliance with the should requirements does not require approval of the contracting officer.
d. Will designates the lowest weighting level. These will requirements designate the intent of the government and are often stated as examples of acceptable designs, items and practices. Unless required by other contract provisions, noncompliance with the will requirements does not require approval of the contracting officer and does not require documented technical substantiation.
The following documents of the exact issue shown form a part of this SRD to the extent specified herein. In the event of conflict between the documents referenced herein and the contents of this specification, see Section 1.3.1. Tailoring of documents in this section is (TBR).
SPECIFICATIONS:
Military
DOD-E-83578A General Specification for Explosive Ordnance
May 96 for Space Vehicles,
Mil-A-83577B Moving Mechanical Assemblies for Space Launch
Feb 88 Vehicles
STANDARDS:
Federal
FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in Sep 92 Cleanrooms and Clean Zones
Military
MIL-STD-461D Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility
Jan 93 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic
Interference
MIL-STD-462D Measurement of Electromagnetic Interference
Jan 93 Characteristics
MIL-STD-1540C Test Requirements for Launch, Upper Stage, and
Sep 94 Space Vehicles
MIL-STD-1541A Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements for
Dec 87 Space Systems
MIL-STD-1553B Digital Time Division Command/Response
Jan 96 Multiplex Data Bus
MIL-STD-1773B Fiber Optics Mechanization of an Aircraft
May 88 Internal Time Division Command/Response
Multiplex Data Bus
Department of Commerce/NOAA: None (TBR)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS:
Regulations
AFM 91-201 Explosive Safety Standards
7 Oct 94
EWR 127-1 Eastern and Western Range Safety Requirements
31 Mar 95
Handbooks: None (TBR)
Bulletins: None (TBR)
Other
GPS ICD 200 REV "NAVSTAR GPS Space Segment/Navigation User
C, 19 January Interface"(U)
1995 UNCLASSIFIED
GPS ICD 203, REV "NAVSTAR GPS SA/AS Requirements(U)-SECRET
B 22 Dec 1993
(Contractors requiring copies of specifications, standards, handbooks, drawings, and publications in connection with specified acquisition functions should obtain them from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.)
The following documents of the exact issue shown form a part of this SRD to the Extent specified herein. In the event of conflict between the documents referenced herein and the contents of this specification, see Section 1.3.1.
SPECIFICATIONS: None (TBR)
STANDARDS:
CCSDS 203.0-B-1 CCSDS Recommendations for Space Data System
Jan 87 Standards. Telecommand, Part 3: Data
Management Service, Architectural Definition,
Issue 1
CCSDS 701.0-B-2 CCSDS Recommendations for Advanced Orbiting
Dec 87 Systems, Networks and Data Links, Architectural
Specification
National Hazardous Materials Management Program
Aerospace
Standard (NAS)
411
Rev 2, 29 Apr 94
DRAWINGS: None (TBR)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS: None (TBR)
The following documents are for reference only and do not form a part of this specification. They are listed here because various parts of the SRD refer to them.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Military: None (TBR)
STANDARDS:
DOD 5200.28-STD Department of Defense Trusted Computer System
Mar 88 Evaluation Criteria
MIL-STD-129M Marking for Shipment and Storage Notice 1, 15
1 Jun 93 Sep 89
MIL-STD 961D DoD Standard Practice for Defense
Aug 95 Specifications, w/ Notice 1
MIL-STD-498 Software Development and Documentation
5 Dec 94
MIL-STD-882c System Safety Program Requirements
Jan 93
MIL-STD-1246C Military Standard Product Cleanliness Levels
Apr 94 and Contamination Control Program
MIL-STD-1522A Standard General requirements for Safe Design
May 84 and Operation of Pressurized Missile and Space
Systems
MIL-STD-1542B Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and
Nov 91 Grounding Requirements for Space Systems
Facilities
MIL-STD-1543B Reliability Program Requirements for Space and
Oct 88 Launch Vehicles
MIL-STD-1547A Parts and Materials Program for Space and
Dec 92 Launch Vehicles
MIL-STD-1809 (USAF) Space Environments for USAF Space
Feb 91 Vehicles
TM-86-01 Technical Manual Contract Requirements
Department of Commerce
DOC Sep 95 National Telecommunications and Information Edition Administration, Manual of Regulations for Sep 95 Federal Radio Frequency Management
NOAA
S24.801 Preparation of Operations and Maintenance
2 Dec 88 Manuals
S24.806 Software Development, Maintenance, and User
30 Apr 87 Documentation
S24.809 Grounding Standards
Dec 89
NASA
PPL-21 Preferred Parts List, Goddard Space Flight
March 1995 Center (Updated May 1996)
SP-R-0 022A General Specification, Vacuum Stability
(JSC) Requirements of Polymeric Material for
9 Sep 74 Spacecraft Application
NASA Tech Memo Orbital Debris Environments for Spacecraft
100471 Designed to Operate in Low Earth Orbit
SP 8031 NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria/Structures
1969
OTHER PUBLICATIONS:
Regulations: None (TBR)
Handbooks
DOD-HDBK-263B Electrostatic Discharge Control Handbook for
(date) Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts,
Assemblies, Equipment
MIL-HDBK-340 Application Guidelines for MIL-STD-1540B
1 Jul 85
DOD-W-83575 Gen Spec for Wiring Harness, Space Vehicle,
Jun 96 Design and Testing
MIL-I-46058 Insulating Compound. Electrical (for Coating
Printed Circuit Assemblies)
1985 Handbook of Geophysics and Space Environments
AFM 15-111 Surface Weather Observations
1 Sep 96
Bulletins
Other
TRD for NPOESS Technical Requirements Document (TRD) for
(current National Polar- Orbiting Operational
version) Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Spacecraft Payloads
IRD for NPOESS Interface Requirements Document (IRD) for
(current National Polar-Orbiting Operational
version) Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Spacecraft
IORD for NPOESS Integrated Operational Requirements Document
28 Mar 96 (IORD) for National Polar Orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Spacecraft Payloads
ASTME-595-93 Standard Test method for Total Mass Loss and
(current Collected Volatile Condensable Materials for
version) Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment
Attachment C AMSU-A Instrument Performance and Operation
S-480-80 Revised Specification (for the EOS/METSAT Integrated
Programs); NASA GSFC
December 1994
SYS/AMS/J0105/BAE AMSU-B Instrument System Specification
(British Aerospace)
03 Feb 1993
(Technical society and technical association specifications and standards are generally available from reference libraries. They are also available in technical groups and using federal agencies. Contact the contracting officer regarding any referenced document not readily available from other sources.)
The Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) will be part of the NPOESS System. It will consist of all ground and spaceborne hardware and software necessary to perform calibrated, microwave radiometric measurements from space, and the software and science algorithms necessary to process on the ground these measurements into a format consistent with the requirements of the assigned Environmental Data Records (EDRs).
Identified below are the Primary and Secondary EDRs assigned to CMIS.
PRIMARY EDRs
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Imagery
Sea Surface Winds (Speed and Direction)
Soil Moisture - surface (cloudy)
Sea Surface Temperature
Precipitable Water
Precipitation (Type/Rate)
Pressure Profile (surface/profile)
Total Water Content
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Snow Cover/Depth (cloudy)
Fresh Water Ice Edge Motion (cloudy)
Ice Surface Temperature (cloudy)
Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Edge Motion (cloudy)
Surface Wind Stress
Land Surface Temperature
Vegetation/Surface Type
SECONDARY EDRs
(TBS)
The requirements for each of the above EDRs are discussed in Paragraph 3.2.1.1.1.1.
Please note that for some of the EDRs listed in Paragraph 3.2.1.1.1.1 the Threshold and/or Objective values are different from the values specified in Appendix D of this document and Appendix D of the TRD; where changes have been made, the requirements of Paragraph 3.2.1.1.1.1 take precedence.
The specification tree for the System is shown in Figure 3.1.3.
Figure 3.1.3 Specification Tree.
The top-level functions which the CMIS instrument will perform include the following:
SRDC3.1.4.2-1
Science algorithms shall process CMIS data, and other data as required, to provide the Environmental Data Records assigned to CMIS.
SRDC3.1.5.1-1
In the Sensor Off mode, no power shall be supplied to the sensor.
SRDC3.1.5.2-1
The sensor shall be in full functional configuration during this mode.
SRDC3.1.5.2-2
Mission and housekeeping data shall be collected and transmitted.
SRDC3.1.5.2-3
Calibrations shall be done during regular operations.
SRDC3.1.5.3-1
The Sensor Diagnostic Mode shall include trouble shooting and software updates.
In the Safe Hold Mode, health and status data are collected and transmitted. Mission and calibration data are not collected. The Safe Hold Mode is a power conservation mode.
SRDC3.1.5.4-1
The Sensor shall accept a command in the event the spacecraft enters an anomalous configuration or orientation as determined by the spacecraft computer. A power subsystem anomaly is such an event.
The C&DH will issue power conservation re-configuration commands to the sensors via the data bus that will place the sensor in a safe configuration. The return to the Sensor Operations Mode requires ground intervention.
SRDC3.1.5.4-2
In this mode most subsystems shall be turned off, with survival heaters activated.
SRDC3.1.5.5-1
The CMIS contractor shall recommend to the Government additional CMIS-specific modes. The recommended modes may include System Test Mode, Storage Mode, Transport Mode, Pre-launch Mode, Launch and Ascent Mode, Deployment and Initialization Mode, and Calibration and Validation Mode.
The CMIS sensors will be delivered and integrated onto the specified satellite platforms.
During integration various CMIS verification tests will be required.
During launch and injection to the operational orbit, the CMIS subsystems will be powered off unless recommended otherwise by the vendor in order to provide protection from the launch and injection environments. Spacecraft telemetry to monitor vehicle status will be provided during launch and injection; transmission of launch vehicle telemetry may be used to satisfy this requirement during the launch phase. Spacecraft telemetry transmission to ground monitoring stations will be used to the extent practicable during the injection phase. After insertion into its operational orbit and separation from the launch vehicle, appropriate deployments will be initiated by memory command. Early orbit check-out will be conducted at the NPOESS primary SOC in Suitland, MD.
SRDC3.1.6.2.2-1
The contractor shall identify all CMIS specific requirements for power, telemetry,..., etc. during launch and ascent.
The sun Beta angle, , is the angle between the solar vector (i.e. the spacecraft-sun line) and the orbit plane. For instrument thermal design purposes, the range of for the NPOESS missions is ± 90 degrees. The satellite will maintain the sun on the appropriate side of the satellite to meet the "all beta" requirement.
SRDC3.1.6.3-1
The sensor suite design shall allow for approximately a 5 degree infringement of sun on the cold space side of the spacecraft in the case of a noon or midnight orbit.
The initial on-orbit period will be devoted to a complete spacecraft checkout and the calibration and performance verifications of the payload(s), including the CMIS. The spacecraft and payload performance verification tests may be repeated at appropriate times during the operational phase of the mission.
SRDC3.1.6.3.2-1
On-orbit, the CMIS shall continuously perform all required measurements. Real-time data are continuously sent to the spacecraft for broadcast so that users within the field of view of the spacecraft data transmitters may receive the data.
SRDC3.1.6.3.2-2
The CMIS shall receive commands from the satellite as required to support the NPOESS mission.
SRDC3.1.6.3.2-3
The CMIS sensor shall be capable of operating for 21 days (with an objective of 60 days) without additional commands, i.e. autonomous operation.
The mission of CMIS is to provide an enduring capability for providing measurements on a global basis of various atmospheric, land and sea parameters of the Earth using microwave remote sensing techniques. The CMIS instrument will collect relevant information from a spaceborne platform, and utilize science retrieval algorithms to process that information on the ground into designated Environmental Data Records; CMIS consists of all spaceborne hardware, any ground-based test and support equipment, and the associated ground-based science algorithms. The Environmental Data Records will be disseminated to military, civil and international users of the data throughout the world. The specific measurement requirements which CMIS must perform are identified in the assigned Primary EDRs and Secondary EDRs. These requirements have been prepared in coordination with, and approved by, the Departments of Defense and Commerce.
SRDC3.2.1-1
The performance characteristics of the CMIS shall be developed by the vendor based upon the data product requirements of the EDRs assigned to the CMIS and any other requirements specified herein.
SRDC3.2.1-2
Sensor level requirements shall be derived by the contractor based on a flowdown of EDR requirements to instrument performance requirements using the contractor’s EDR science algorithms and any specification provided in the CMIS SRD.
SRDC3.2.1-3
If a derived requirement conflicts with an explicit requirement and/or another requirement, the most stringent requirement shall be satisfied.
SRDC3.2.1-4
Unless otherwise specified, all performance requirements within Section 3.2.1 shall be met over the design service life of the CMIS and under all operational environmental conditions.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-1
The environmental data records listed in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1 are the measurement requirements which shall be satisfied by CMIS. Please note that the EDR requirements specified in Paragraph 3.2.1.1.1.1 may have different Thresholds and/or Objectives than the values contained in Appendix D of this SRD and/or Appendix D of the NPOESS TRD.
Note: Supplemental information concerning conventions/general EDR requirements can be found in Section 40.1 of Appendix D and are to be followed unless found to be in conflict with modifications and clarifications of EDR requirements identified in this section.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-2
In the event of conflict the values specified in Paragraph 3.2.1.1.1.1 shall take precedence.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-3
As a minimum, the EDR requirements shall be satisfied at the threshold level.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-4
In the event the requirements for an EDR cannot be fully satisfied, the contractor shall identify the requirements which are not fully satisfied, and specify the conditions when it will not be satisfied.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-5
The contractor shall also specify the conditions under which it recommends delivering an EDR which is incomplete and/or of degraded quality, but which is still of potential utility to one or more users.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1-6
The CMIS contractor shall identify specifications for any data required from other sources in order to meet the attribute requirements of the primary EDRs assigned to the CMIS sensor.
Identified below are the EDRs which CMIS must satisfy. The EDRs have been grouped into Primary and Secondary EDRs. The attribute numbering is consistent with Appendix D except for the preface letter which indicates it is a unique requirement in this SRD. Any difference in these attributes take precedence over Appendix D values as they reflect an intentional requirements allocation to this sensor.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-1
For the EDRs appended with "(cloudy)" listed below, CMIS shall satisfy the EDR Thresholds associated with cloudy conditions under all measurement conditions, i.e. in clear conditions, cloudy conditions, or any amount of cloud cover.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-2
The requirements for data to be provided by other sensors to CMIS (i.e. other sensor Secondary EDRs) shall be defined by the CMIS contractor no later than 60 days prior to each of the other sensors' Systems Requirements Review (SRR).
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-3
Requirements for the following Primary EDRs shall be satisfied using sensing data acquired by the CMIS and science algorithms developed by the CMIS contractor. The science algorithm may or may not require the use of additional data from other than CMIS.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-4
The contractor shall advise the government of data requirements from sources external to CMIS.
An atmospheric vertical moisture profile is a set of estimates of the average mixing ratio in three-dimensional cells centered on specified points along a local vertical. The mixing ratio of a sample of air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in the sample to the mass of dry air in the sample.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
C40.2.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 15 km 2 km
C40.2.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.2.1-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 2 km 2 km
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
C40.2.1-4 1. surface to 850 mb 20 mb 5 mb
C40.2.1-5 2. 850 mb to 100 mb 50 mb 15 mb
C40.2.1-6 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.2.1-7 f. Vertical Coverage Surface to 100 Surface to
mb 100 mb
C40.2.1-8 g. Measurement Range 0 - 30 g/kg 0 - 30 g/km
h. Measurement Uncertainty
(expressed as a percent of
average mixing ratio in 2 km
layers)
Clear
C40.2.1-9 1. surface to 600 mb 20% or 0.2g/kg 10%
(TBR)
C40.2.1-10 2. 600 mb to 300 mb 35% or 10%
0.1g/kg(TBR)
C40.2.1-11 3. 300 mb to 100 mb 35% or 10%
0.1g/kg(TBR)
Cloudy (TBR)
C40.2.1-12 4. surface to 600 mb 20 % or 10%
0.2g/kg (TBR)
C40.2.1-13 5. 600 mb to 300 mb 40% or 0.1g/kg 10%
C40.2.1-14 6. 300 mb to 100 mb 40 % or 10%
0.1g/kg(TBR)
C40.2.1-15 i. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
C40.2.1-16 j. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
An atmospheric temperature profile is a set of estimates of the average atmospheric temperature in three-dimensional cells centered on specified points along a local vertical.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
C40.2.2-1 1. Clear, nadir 40 km 5 km
C40.2.2-2 2. Clear, worst case 40 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-3 3. Cloudy 40 km 5 km
C40.2.2-4 4. Cloudy, worst case 40 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-5 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Vertical Cell Size
Clear
C40.2.2-6 1. surface to 300 mb 1 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-7 2. 300 mb to 30 mb 3 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-8 3. 30 mb to 1 mb 5 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-9 4. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 5 km (TBD)
Cloudy
C40.2.2-10 5. surface to 700 mb 1 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-11 6. 700 mb to 300mb 1 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-12 7. 300 mb to 30 mb 3 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-13 8. 30 mb to 1 mb 5 km (TBD)
C40.2.2-14 9. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 5 km (TBD)
d. Vertical Reporting
Interval
C40.2.2-15 1. surface to 850 mb 20 mb 15 mb
C40.2.2-16 2. 850 mb to 300 mb 50 mb 15 mb
C40.2.2-17 3. 300 mb to 100 mb 25 mb 15 mb
C40.2.2-18 4. 100 mb to 10 mb 20 mb 10 mb
C40.2.2-19 5. 10 mb to 1 mb 2 mb 1 mb
C40.2.2-20 6. 1 mb to 0.1 mb 0.2 mb 0.1 mb
C40.2.2-21 7. 0.1 mb to 0.01 mb 0.02 mb 0.01 mb
C40.2.2-22 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.2.2-23 f. Vertical Coverage surface to Surface to
0.01 mb 0.01mb
C40.2.2-24 g. Measurement Range 180-335K (TBR) (TBD)
C40.2.2-25 h. Measurement 0.5 K
Uncertainty
Clear
C40.2.2-26 1. surface to 300 mb 1.6 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-27 2. 300 mb to 30 mb 1..5 K/ 3 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-28 3. 30 mb to 1 mb 1.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-29 4. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 3.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
Cloudy (TBR)
C40.2.2-30 5. surface to 700 mb 2.5 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-31 6. 700 mb to 300 mb 1.5 K/ 1 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-32 7. 300 mb to 30 mb 1.5 K/ 3 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-33 8. 30 mb to 1 mb 1.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layer
C40.2.2-34 9. 1 mb to 0.01 mb 3.5 K/ 5 km 0.5K/1km
layers
C40.2.2-35 i. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
C40.2.2-36 j. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-5
Brightness temperature data from each microwave channel shall be available for display at the sampled resolution. The threshold horizontal spatial resolution (HSR) is to be consistent with the performance of the related EDRs The display capability for all imagery should be consistent with the dynamic range of any CMIS channel.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Spatial
Resolution
C40.2.3.1- 1. Global Consistent (TBD)
1 with related
EDRs
C40.2.3.1- b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
2 Interval
c. Horizontal Coverage
C40.2.3.1- 1. Global Global Global
3
C40.2.3.1- 2. Regional Up to 1/2 Up to 1/2
4 orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable commandable
by SOC by SOC
C40.2.3.1- d. Measurement Range Dynamic range Dynamic range
5 of all of all
measurement measurement
channels channels
C40.2.3.1- e. Measurement Uncertainty Derived Derived
6 (TBR)
C40.2.3.1- f. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km (TBR) (TBD)
7
Sea surface temperature (SST) is defined as the skin temperature of the ocean surface water. The measured radiances should enable the derivation of both skin and surface layer (1 meter depth) sea surface temperature to the specifications listed below, though an EDR algorithm is only required for skin temperature.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
C40.2.4-1 1. Global 50 km 1 km
C40.2.4-2 2. Global, worst case 50 km (TBD)
C40.2.4-3 3. Regional 50 km 0.25 km
C40.2.4-4 4. Regional, worst case 50 km (TBD)
C40.2.4-5 b. Horizontal Reporting Local Horizontal Local Horizontal
Interval Cell Size Cell Size
c. Horizontal Coverage
C40.2.4-6 1. Global Oceans Oceans
C40.2.4-7 2. Regional Oceans, up to 1/2 Oceans, up to 1/2
orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable by commandable by
SOC SOC
C40.2.4-8 d. Measurement Range 271 K - 313 K 271 K - 313 K
C40.2.4-9 e. Measurement 0.5 K (TBR) 0.1 K
Uncertainty (TBR)
C40.2.4-1 f. Measurement Accuracy (TBD) 0.1 K
0
C40.2.4-1 g. Measurement (TBD) 0.1K
1 Precision
h. Mapping Uncertainty
C40.2.4-1 1. Global 5 km 0.5 km
2
C40.2.4-1 2. Global, worst case 5 km (TBD)
3
C40.2.4-1 3. Regional 5 km 0.1 km
4
C40.2.4-1 4. Regional, worst case 5 km (TBD)
5
C40.2.4-1 i. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
6
Atmospheric wind speed and direction at the sea/atmosphere interface. This parameter is to be reported at 19.5 meters above sea level.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
C40.2.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell 20 km 1 km
Size
C40.2.5-2 b. Horizontal (TBD) (TBD)
Reporting Interval
C40.2.5-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
d. Measurement Range
C40.2.5-4 1. Speed 3 - 25 m/s 1 - 50 m/s
C40.2.5-5 2. Direction 0 - 360 deg 0 - 360 deg
e. *Measurement
Accuracy
C40.2.5-6 1. Speed 2 m/s or 20 % of 1 m/s or 10 % of
true value, true value,
whichever is whichever is
greater greater
C40.2.5-7 2. Direction (TBR) 20 deg for wind 10 deg
speeds greater
than 8 m/s.
45 deg(TBR) for
wind speeds less
than 8 m/s
f. Measurement
Precision
C40.2.5-8 1. Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s
C40.2.5-9 2. Direction 10 deg 10 deg
C40.2.5-10 g. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
C40.2.5-11 h. Swath Width 1700 km (TBD)
Total water in all phases in the soil or in a surface layer over soil. The threshold requirement is to measure soil moisture only within a thin layer at the surface (0.1 cm thick) and only for bare soil in regions with known soil types. The objective is to measure a moisture profile for any soil, whether bare or not, and whether or not the soil type is known.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
C40.2.6-1 1. Clear 40 km (TBD)
C40.2.6-2 3. Cloudy 40 km 2 km
C40.2.6-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.2.6-4 c. Vertical Cell Size 0.1 cm 5 cm
C40.2.6-5 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (single 5 cm
Interval value
reported)
C40.2.6-6 e. Horizontal Coverage Land Land
C40.2.6-7 f. Vertical Coverage (TBR) surface to Surface to -80
-0.1 cm (skin cm
layer)
C40.2.6-8 g. Measurement Range 0 - 100 cm/m 0 - 100 cm/m
(TBR)
h. Measurement Uncertainty
C40.2.6-9 1. Clear, Bare soil in 10 cm/m (TBR) Surface: 1 cm/m
regions with known soil Total 80 cm
types (smaller horizontal column: greater
cell size) of 5% or 0.013
cm/m (130 g/m3)
C40.2.6-10 2. Cloudy , Bare soil in 20 cm/m (TBR) Surface: 1 cm/m
regions with known soil Total 80 cm
types (greater horizontal column: greater
cell size) of 5% or 0.013
cm/m (130 g/m3)
C40.2.6-11 i. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
C40.2.6-12 j. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions. Precipitable water is defined as the total equivalent water in a vertical column of the atmosphere per unit cross-sectional area.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.3.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km (TBR) 1 km
C40.3.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.3.3-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.3.3-4 d. Measurement Range 0 - 75 mm 0 - 100 mm
C40.3.3-5 e. Measurement Accuracy greater of 10 % or 1 mm
2 mm
C40.3.3-6 f. Measurement Precision 1 mm 1 mm
C40.3.3-7 g. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km
C40.3.3-8 h. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
The required data products are precipitation rate and identification of type as rain or ice. The requirements in the table below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
C40.3.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 15 km (TBR) 0.1 km
C40.3.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.3.4-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
d. Measurement Range
C40.3.4-4 1. Precipitation Rate 0 - 50 (TBR) 0 - 250
mm/hr mm/hr
C40.3.4-5 2. Precipitation Type rain and ice rain and ice
C40.3.4-6 e. Measurement Accuracy, 2 mm/hr 2 mm/hr
Precip. Rate
C40.3.4-7 f. Measurement Precision, 1 mm/hr 1 mm/hr
Precip. Rate
C40.3.4-8 g. Correct Typing (TBD) % (TBD) %
Probability, Precip. Type
C40.3.4-9 h. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 0.1 km
C40.3.4-10 i. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
A pressure profile is a set of estimates of the atmospheric pressure at specified altitudes above the earth's surface. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.3.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 5 km
C40.3.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.3.5-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 1 km 0 km
d. Vertical Reporting Interval
C40.3.5-4 1. 0 - 2 km 1 km 0.25 km
C40.3.5-5 2. 2 - 5 km 1 km 0.5 km
C40.3.5-6 3. > 5 km 1 km 1 km
C40.3.5-7 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.3.5-8 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 30 km 0 - 30 km
C40.3.5-9 g. Measurement Range 10 - 1050 mb 10 - 1050 mb
h. Measurement Accuracy
C40.3.5-1 1. 0 - 10 km 5 % (TBR) 3 % (TBR)
1
C40.3.5-1 2. 10 - 30 km 10 % (TBR) 5 %
2
C40.3.5-1 i. Measurement Precision 4 mb 2 mb
3
C40.3.5-1 k. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km
4
C40.3.5-1 l. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
5
Total water content is defined as the water vapor, cloud liquid water, and cloud ice liquid equivalent in specified segments of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud liquid water must be reported. The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.3.6-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 10 km
C40.3.6-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.3.6-3 c. Vertical Cell Size (TBR) 3 km 1 km
C40.3.6-4 d. Vertical Reporting Vertical cell Vertical cell
Interval size size
C40.3.6-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.3.6-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - (TBD) km
C40.3.6-7 g. Measurement Range 0-200 kg (TBD)
h. Measurement Uncertainty
C40.3.6-8 1. Point Measurement 2 kg/m2 (TBD)
C40.3.6-9 2. Global Average 1 kg/m2(TBR) (TBD)
C40.3.6-1 i. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 7 km
0
C40.3.6-1 j. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
1
Cloud base height is defined as the height above ground level where cloud bases occur. More precisely, for a cloud covered earth location, cloud base height is the set of altitudes of the bases of the clouds that intersect the local vertical at this location. The reported heights are horizontal spatial averages over a cell, i.e., a square region of the earth's surface. If a cloud layer does not extend over an entire cell, the spatial average is limited to the portion of the cell that is covered by the layer. As a threshold, only the height of the base of the lowest altitude cloud layer is required and objective is to report cloud base height for all distinct cloud layers.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
C40.4.1-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 25 km 10 km
C40.4.1-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.4.1-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
d. Vertical Cell Size N/A N/A
C40.4.1-4 e. Vertical Reporting Total Column 0.25km
Interval
C40.4.1-5 f. Measurement Range 0 - 15 km 0 - 30 km
C40.4.1-6 g. Measurement Uncertainty 2 km (TBR) 0.25 km
C40.4.1-7 h. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
C40.4.1-8 i. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
Cloud ice water path is defined as the equivalent amount of water within cloud ice particles in a specified segment of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR, vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud ice water path must be reported.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.4.4-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 10 km
C40.4.4-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.4.4-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 15 km (Total Vertical
Column) Reporting
Interval
C40.4.4-4 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (Total 0.3 km
Interval Column)
C40.4.4-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.4.4-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 20 km 0 - 20 km
C40.4.4-7 g. Measurement Range 0 - 2.6 kg/m2 0 - 10 kg/m2
(TBR)
C40.4.4-8 h. Measurement Accuracy 10 % or 5g/m2 5 %
(TBR)
C40.4.4-9 i. Measurement Precision 5 % 2 %
C40.4.4-1 j. Long Term Stability 2 % 1 %
0
C40.4.4-1 k. Mapping Uncertainty 4 km 1 km
1
C40.4.4-1 l. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
2
Cloud liquid water is defined as the equivalent amount of water within cloud particles in a specified segment of a vertical column of the atmosphere. For this EDR, vertical cell size is the vertical height of the column segment and the vertical reporting interval specifies the locations of the column segment bottoms for which cloud liquid water must be reported.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.4.5-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 20 km 5 km
C40.4.5-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.4.5-3 c. Vertical Cell Size 20 km (Total Vertical
Column) Reporting
Interval
C40.4.5-4 d. Vertical Reporting N/A (Total 0.3 km
Interval Column)
C40.4.5-5 e. Horizontal Coverage Global Global
C40.4.5-6 f. Vertical Coverage 0 - 30 km 0 - 30 km
C40.4.5-7 g. Measurement Range 0 - 50 mm (TBD)
h. Measurement
Uncertainty(TBR)
C40.4.5-8 1. Over ocean 0.25 mm 0.01 mm
C40.4.5-9 2. Over land 0.5 mm 0.01 mm
C40.4.5-1 i. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km
0
C40.4.5-1 j. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
1
Horizontal and vertical extent of snow cover. As a threshold, only the fraction of snow cover in the specified horizontal cell (clear or cloudy) is required, regardless of depth. As an objective, fraction of snow cover for snow having a specified minimum depth is required in the specified horizontal cell (clear or cloudy) for a set of specified minimum depths.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
(TBR)
C40.6.3-1 1. Clear - daytime 12.5 km 1 km
C40.6.3-2 2. Cloudy and/or nighttime 12.5 km 1 km
C40.6.3-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.6.3-4 c. Snow Depth Ranges > 0 cm (Any Snow > 8 cm, > 15
Thickness) cm, > 30 cm,
>51 cm, >76 cm
C40.6.3-5 d. Horizontal Coverage Land Land & Ice
C40.6.3-6 e. Vertical Coverage 0 - 40 cm 0 - 1 m
C40.6.3-7 f. Measurement Range 0 - 1 per snow 0 - 1 per snow
depth category depth category
g. Measurement
Uncertainty(TBR)
C40.6.3-8 1. Clear - daytime 10% (snow/no 10% for snow
snow) depth
C40.6.3-9 2. Cloudy and/or nighttime 20% (snow/no (TBD)
snow)
h. Mapping Uncertainty
C40.6.3-10 1. Clear 2 km 1 km
C40.6.3-11 2. Cloudy 7 km 1 km
C40.6.3-12 k. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
Fresh water ice concentration is defined as the fraction of a given area of fresh water that is covered by ice, quantized to the nearest one tenth. Ice edge boundary is the contour separating fresh water from fresh water ice. The error in ice edge boundary location is defined as the distance between a measured boundary point and the nearest point on the true ice edge boundary. The measurement uncertainty requirement on ice edge boundary limits this error.
Para. No. Thresholds Objectives
a. Horizontal Cell Size
C40.7.2-1 1. Regional, nadir 20 km (TBR) (TBD)
C40.7.2-2 2. Regional, worst case 20 km (TBR) (TBD) 0.65 km
C40.7.2-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.7.2-4 c. Horizontal Coverage Fresh Water Fresh Water
Up to 1/2 Up to 1/2
orbit, orbit,
non-contiguous non-contiguous,
, commandable commandable
by SOC by SOC
C40.7.2-5 d. Measurement Range 1/10 to 10/10 0/10 to 10/10
concentration concentration
C40.7.2-6 e. Measurement Uncertainty
C40.7.2-7 1. Ice Edge Boundary 10 km 5 km
C40.7.2-8 2. Ice Concentration 20 % or 1/10 10 %
C40.7.2-9 f. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
C40.7.2-10 g. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
This EDR is required under clear and cloudy conditions. As a threshold, the temperature of the surface of ice over land or water is required. The objective is to measure the atmospheric temperature 2 m above the surface of the ice.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.7.3-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size 30 km 10 km
C40.7.3-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.7.3-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Ice-covered Ice-covered
land/water land/water
C40.7.3-4 d. Measurement Range 213 K - 293 K (TBD)
C40.7.3-5 e. Measurement Uncertainty 1 K (TBD)
C40.7.3-6 f. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km 1 km
C40.7.3-7 g. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions. Sea ice age is defined as the time that has passed since the formation of the surface layer of an ice covered region of the ocean. The content of the sea ice age EDR is the typing of areas of sea ice by age. Sea ice motion is defined as the displacement of a sea ice edge. Definitions of the Ice Age Classes are (TBS).
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
C40.7.8-1 a. Horizontal Cell Size (Ice 20 km 0.1 km
Age)
C40.7.8-2 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
C40.7.8-3 c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans
d. Measurement Range
C40.7.8-4 1. Ice Age Classes First Year, New, Young,
Multi-year First Year,
(TBR) and Old (TBR)
C40.7.8-5 2. Ice Motion 0-50km/day(TBR) 0 - 50 km/day
C40.7.8-6 e. Probability of Correct 70 % 90 %
Typing (Ice Age)
C40.7.8-7 f. Measurement Uncertainty 1 km/day 0.1 km/day
(Ice motion)
C40.7.8-8 g. Mapping Uncertainty 3 km (TBR) 1 km
C40.7.8-9 h. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
The requirements below apply under both clear and cloudy conditions. Surface wind stress is defined as the magnitude of the frictional stress of the wind acting on the sea surface, causing it to move as a wind-drift current, and causing the formation of waves.
Para. Thresholds Objectives No. C40.7.10- a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km 20 km 1 C40.7.10- b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD) 2 Interval C40.7.10- c. Horizontal Coverage Oceans Oceans 3 C40.7.10- d. Measurement Range 0 - 50 N/m2 0 - 50 N/m2 4 (TBR) (TBR) C40.7.10- e. Measurement Accuracy 2 N/m2 1 N/m2 5 C40.7.10- f. Measurement Precision 2 N/m2 1 N/m2 6 C40.7.10- g. Mapping Uncertainty 7 km 1 km (TBR) 7 C40.7.10- i. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD) 8
Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as the skin temperature of the uppermost layer of the land surface.
Para. Thresholds Objectives No. C40.6.1- a. Horizontal Cell Size 50 km (TBR) 1 km 1 C40.6.1- b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD) 2 Interval C40.6.1- c. Horizontal Coverage Land Land 3 C40.6.1- d. Measurement Range 213 K - 343 K 213 K - 343 K 4 C40.6.1- e. Measurement Accuracy 2.5 K 1 K 5 C40.6.1- f. Measurement Precision 0.5 K 0.025 K 6 C40.6.1- g. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km 7 C40.6.1- h. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD) 8
Vegetation/surface type is defined as the predominant vegetation and/or soil type in a given area.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-6
Each given area shall be classified as one of the following 21 types: crop land, brush/scrub, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, tropical forest, grass land, swamp, marsh/bog, flooded land, loam, sandy soil, clay, peat, gravel, desert, water, snow/ice, urban/developed, rocky fields, tundra, and Savannah. Estimation of the percentage of vegetation cover per type in each cell is an objective.
Para. Thresholds Objectives
No.
a. Horizontal Cell Size
C40.6.4-1 1. Global 20 km 1 km
C40.6.4-2 2. Regional 20 km 0.25 km
C40.6.4-3 b. Horizontal Reporting (TBD) (TBD)
Interval
c. Horizontal Coverage
C40.6.4-4 1. Global Land Land
C40.6.4-5 2. Regional Land, up to Land, up to
1/2 orbit, 1/2 orbit,
non-contiguous, non-contiguous,
commandable commandable
by SOC by SOC
d. Measurement Range
C40.6.4-6 1. Vegetation/surface type 21 types 21 types
specified specified
above above
C40.6.4-7 2. Vegetation cover N/A 0 - 100 %
C40.6.4-8 e. Measurement Accuracy (veg. N/A 2 %
cover)
C40.6.4-9 f. Measurement Precision N/A 0.1 %
(veg. cover)
C40.6.4-1 g. Correct Typing Probability 70 % (TBD)
0 (vegetation /surface type)
C40.6.4-1 h. Mapping Uncertainty 5 km 1 km
1
C40.6.4-1 i. Swath Width 1700 km (TBR) (TBD)
2
The data products for Secondary EDRs have been assigned to sensors other than CMIS as Primary EDRs, but these EDRs may require CMIS data to process the associated algorithms.
(TBS)
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.1-7
The CMIS shall meet (TBS) data specifications for the generation of secondary EDRs. The CMIS contractor will be advised by the Government of CMIS data requirements identified by other NPOESS sensor contractors after award of contract, and after the other sensor vendors advise the Government of their requirements.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.2.2-1
The contractor shall include in his requirements flowdown analysis uncertainties in data from any data bases that are relied upon in generating EDRs.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.2.2-2
If the contractor determines that these uncertainties prevent a threshold requirement from being met, if reliance on the data base is deemed necessary by the contractor, and if the data base varies in time, e.g., is updated in near real time, and is not under the control of the contractor, then the contractor shall so notify the government and the government will determine the appropriate remedial action.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.2.2-3
If a fixed data base, e.g., one addressing terrain, is needed, and existing data bases are not adequate to allow thresholds to be met, the contractor shall generate a new data base or partial data base having the characteristics necessary to demonstrate that EDR thresholds can be met.
SRDC3.2.1.1.1.2.2-4
The contractor shall identify and quantify any EDR performance degradation resulting from the lack of availability of any data base or other ancillary data.
The Sensor Data Record (SDR) is defined in Appendix A.
SRDC3.2.1.1.2.2-1
The CMIS vendor shall provide to the Interface Data Processor Segment (IDPS) the algorithms and sensor data necessary to process TDR data into SDR data.
SRDC3.2.1.1.2.2-2
The operational SDR data shall contain as a minimum the following data and information:
Brightness Temperature data for each channel
Geolocation data for each sample: geodetic latitude and longitude
Spacecraft ID tag
CMIS sensor ID or serial number
Flight software version number
Orbit number
Beginning Julian day and time tag
Ending Julian day and time tag
Ascending Node Julian day and time tag
Time tag information - beginning of scan time
Scan index
SRDC3.2.1.1.2.2-3
The CMIS contractor shall recommend additional information and data to be included in the SDR.
The Temperature Data Record (TDR) is defined in Appendix A.
SRDC3.2.1.1.3.2-1
The CMIS vendor shall provide to the IDPS the algorithms and sensor data necessary to process RDR data into TDR data.
SRDC3.2.1.1.3.2-2
The operational TDR data shall contain as a minimum the following data and information:
Antenna Temperature data for each channel and sample
Sensor health and status data: limited to that necessary to assess performance and compute Sensitivity
Sensor calibration data
Spacecraft ID tag
CMIS sensor ID or serial number
Flight software version number
Orbit number
Beginning Julian day and time tag
Ending Julian day and time tag
Ascending Node Julian day and time tag
Satellite Ephemeris data: sufficient to geolocate each data sample
Time tag information - beginning of scan time
Scan index
SRDC3.2.1.1.3.2-3
The CMIS contractor shall recommend additional information and data to be included in the TDR.
The RDR is defined in Appendix A.
Since RDRs are processed into EDRs, RDRs are considered to have met their requirements when they are of an appropriate format and quality to be adequately processed into their associated EDRs.
SRDC3.2.1.1.4.2-1
The RDR shall at minimum consist of the following information:
Raw data counts for each CMIS channel
Spacecraft ID tag
CMIS sensor ID or serial number
Flight software version number
Orbit number
Beginning Julian day and time tag
Ending Julian day and time tag
Ascending Node Julian day and time tag
Satellite Ephemeris data: sufficient to geolocate each data sample
Time tag information - beginning of scan time
Scan index number
Sensor calibration data
Sensor health and status data: limited to that necessary to assess performance and compute Sensitivity
CMIS mounting offset angles - needed for geolocation
SRDC3.2.1.1.4.2-2
The CMIS contractor shall recommend additional information and data to be included in the RDR.
SRDC3.2.1.1.5-1
EDR science retrieval algorithms shall be provided by the CMIS contractor.
SRDC3.2.1.1.5-2
The CMIS science retrieval algorithms shall provide EDRs which satisfy the NPOESS requirements as specified in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1. Science algorithms may also be recommended by the government's Operational Algorithm Teams (OATs).
SRDC3.2.1.1.5-3
The contractor shall identify the use of all non-CMIS data required for algorithm processing.
The government considers the SDR and EDR algorithms adopted, adapted, or developed by the CMIS contractor to be scientific, rather than operational, algorithms. The CMIS contractor is not responsible for identifying or developing operational SDR and EDR algorithms for the CMIS. (Any operational algorithms necessary for the generation of RDRs will ultimately be the responsibility of the CMIS contractor, and the operational software implementing these algorithms will be part of the required flight software. This statement applies to the post-downselect phase of the CMIS program.)
SRDC3.2.1.1.5.1-1
The scientific SDR and EDR algorithms delivered by the CMIS contractor shall be convertible into operational software that is compatible with a 20 minute maximum processing time at either the DoD Centrals or DoD field terminals for the conversion of all pertinent RDRs into all required EDRs for the site or terminal, including those based wholly or in part on data from other sensor suites. The intent of this requirement is to preclude algorithms that are so computationally intensive that any foreseeable implementation would stress or exceed the time available for delivery of EDRs in an operational environment.
SRDC3.2.1.1.5.1-2
The means by which the contractor shall validate the requirement that scientific algorithms be convertible to operational software, subject to the processing time constraint specified in this Section, is (TBD).
SRDC3.2.1.1.5.1-3
The availability of any inputs required, from data bases or non-CMIS data sources, to generate EDRs shall be sufficient to allow EDRs to be generated at the DoD Centrals and DoD field terminals within the time constraint specified in this Section.
SRDC3.2.1.1.5.2-1
The performance of the CMIS science algorithms delivered by the CMIS contractor shall meet EDR thresholds.
SRDC3.2.1.1.5.2-2
The performance of the CMIS science algorithms shall be no worse than the performance of algorithms utilized for current operational data products for these EDRs, if such operational products exists (TBR).
A sensor channel is determined by the passband frequencies, bandwidths and polarization characteristics of the measurements.
SRDC3.2.1.2.2-1
The number of channels shall be sufficient to satisfy the EDR requirements assigned to CMIS.
To reduce the possibility of interference from other communication/radio services, the CMIS should use frequency bands which correspond to the international allocations for Earth Exploration-Satellite and are reserved for such usage.
SRDC3.2.1.3.1-1
Utilization of other frequency bands shall be justified by analysis(es) showing significant performance and/or cost advantages.
SRDC3.2.1.3.1-2
An attempt shall be made to utilize frequency bands having the minimum possible risk of interference from other allocated radio services.
SRDC3.2.1.3.1-3
All frequency bands utilized by the CMIS shall be approval by the government.
Exceptions to this are noted in Section 3.2.1.3.2.
The frequencies listed in Table 3.2.1.3.1 are based on current (time of writing) NTIA allocations and are subject to change. The contractor should verify in conjunction with the Government the accuracy of this table, and the applicability of the frequency allocations for the time period when CMIS is planned to be operational.
SRDC3.2.1.3.1-4
The contractor shall utilize the most up-to-date information as it becomes available. (Reference Document Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management, Sept. 1995).
Note that the specific frequencies and polarizations required by the CMIS are determined by the CMIS contractor as part of their design analysis and subject to the constraints discussed in this section.
SRDC3.2.1.3.1-5
The final choices for the CMIS frequency bands shall depend not only on the frequency allocations, but on phenomenological and radiometric considerations, and the necessity of meeting the EDR performance requirements in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
TABLE 3.2.1.3.1 FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS FOR REMOTE SENSING
This table contains a summary of frequency band allocations involving the Earth Exploration-Satellite service (passive sensing).
Frequency band Allocation Notes:
(GHz)
1.37 1.40 Secondary
1.4 1.427 Exclusive
2.69 2.70 Exclusive with 1. Some pre-existing radio services
exceptions (prior to 1/1/1985) protected as primary
users within Region 1
2.64 2.655 Secondary
4.95 4.99 Secondary
6.8 Not allocated
for passive
sensing
10.6 10.7 Shared 2. The portion 10.6-10.68 GHz is
exclusive passive in U.S. only;
internationally, this band is shared with
Fixed, and Mobile services usually with
power restrictions. Aeronautical service
within this band discouraged.
15.20 15.35 Secondary
15.35 15.4 Exclusive 3. Some fixed and mobile services
provided for, internationally, on a
secondary basis.
18.6 18.8 Shared 4. The band 18.6 to 18.8 GHz is allocated
to passive services as a shared user in
Region 2, and secondary user in Region 1
and 3, shared with Fixed and Fixed
Satellite to Earth. Non-government
primary allocation to Fixed. Users
encouraged to limit, as much as practical,
their power flux density at the Earth’s
surface.
21.20 21.40 Exclusive
22.21 22.5 Shared 5. The band 22.21 - 22.5 GHz is shared
with fixed, and mobile services.
Administrators are encouraged to take all
practical steps to protect the radio
astronomy service. However, passive
services can not impose constraints upon
the fixed or mobile services except for
aeronautical mobile.
23.60 24.0 Exclusive
31.3 31.5 Exclusive
31.5 31.8 Shared 6. The band 31.5 - 31.8 GHz is allocated
exclusively for passive sensing in the
U.S. However, 31.5 - 31.8 GHz is shared
with Fixed and Mobile in Regions 1 and 3.
Within Regions 1 and 3, administrators
are encouraged to limit frequency
assignments that would cause harmful
interference to passive sensing.
36.0 37.0 Shared 7. The band 36.0 - 37.0 GHz is shared
with Fixed and Mobile services.
Administrators are encouraged to take all
practical steps to protect the spectral
line observations of the radio astronomy
service in the band 36.43 - 36.5 GHz.
50.2 50.4 Shared
50.4 51.4 Not allocated 8. The band 50.4 - 51.4 GHz is allocated
for passive to Fixed, Fixed-Satellite
sensing (Earth-to-Space), Mobile, and Mobile
Satellite (Earth-to-Space).
51.4 54.25 Exclusive
54.25 58.0 Shared 9. The band 54.25 - 58 GHz is allocated
for passive sensing, shared with Fixed,
Intersatellite, and Mobile (including
aeronautical mobile). In a few countries
this band is allocated to Radiolocation on
a primary basis.
58.2 59.0 Exclusive
59.0 64.0 Not allocated 10. The band 59.0 - 64 GHz is allocated
for passive for Intersatellite communications. (this
sensing band may be re-allocated.)
64.0 65.0 Exclusive
65.0 66.0 Shared 11. The band 65.0 - 66.0 GHz is allocated
for passive sensing, to be shared with the
Fixed and Mobile services.
86.0 92.0 Exclusive
92.0 95.0 Not allocated 12. The band 92.0 - 95 GHz is allocated
for passive to Fixed, Fixed-Satellite
sensing (Earth-to-Space), Mobile, and
Radiolocation
100.0 102.0 Shared 13. The band 100-102 GHz is allocated
passive, shared with Fixed, and Mobile.
105.0 116.0 Exclusive
116.0 126.0 Shared 14. The band 116-126 GHz is allocated to
passive, shared with Fixed,
Intersatellite, and Mobile.
150.0 151.0 Shared 15. The bands 150-151 GHz and 174.5 -
176.5 GHz are allocated primary to
passive, shared with Fixed,
Fixed-Satellite (Space-to-Earth), and
Mobile.
164.0 168.0 Exclusive
174.5 176.5 Shared 15. The bands 150-151 GHz and 174.5 -
176.5 GHz are allocated primary to
passive, shared with Fixed,
Fixed-Satellite (Space-to-Earth), and
Mobile.
182.0 185.0 Exclusive
200.0 202.0 Shared 16. The band 200-202 GHz is allocated to
passive, shared with Fixed, and Mobile.
217.0 231.0 Exclusive
235.0 238.0 Shared 17. The band 235-238 GHz is allocated to
passive, shared with Fixed,
Fixed-Satellite (Space-to-Earth), and
Mobile.
250.0 252.0 Exclusive
There are no allocations above 300 GHz.
This section lists specific exceptions to the use of exclusive allocations discussed in Section 3.2.1.3.1. The CMIS contractor is not required to make use of these exceptions.
SRDC3.2.1.3.2.1-1
Due to its heritage and recognized utility for water vapor remote sensing the CMIS contractor shall be allowed to utilize the band in the frequency range:
fcenter = [183.310 - (TBD), 183.310 + (TBD)] GHz.
Additional Exceptions are (TBD).
The end-to-end radiometric sensitivity is the change in Brightness Temperature of the incident radiation at the collecting aperture required to change the mean value of the measured Brightness Temperature by one standard deviation at the digitized output of the radiometer when sampled at the rate determined by the pre-sampling filter. This is denoted as DTrms and also referred to as Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference (NEDT). Units are Kelvins.
SRDC3.2.1.4.2-1
The DTrms value shall be consistent with meeting all of the CMIS EDR requirements, and the requirements for radiometric accuracy.
SRDC3.2.1.4.2-2
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS pre-launch and on-orbit NEDT, which includes all relevant noise sources, shall be provided to the Government.
SRDC3.2.1.4.2-3
The sensitivity of each CMIS channel shall be measured over the range of scene Brightness Temperatures of (TBD) to (TBD).
The absolute radiometric accuracy, for each CMIS channel, is defined as the difference between the brightness temperature values as measured by the CMIS when compared to a standard calibration target. The conditions under which these measurements are performed are (TBD). The units are Kelvin.
SRDC3.2.1.5.1.1-1
The absolute accuracy of the CMIS channels shall be determined by the ability to correctly measure the brightness temperature of an external calibration target having an emissivity consistent with the calibration target requirements in Section 3.2.1.10, over the temperature range of (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.5.1.2-1
The absolute radiometric measurement accuracy shall be consistent with meeting the CMIS EDR requirements and provide, at the SDR level, measured brightness temperatures accurate to within the errors specified in Table 3.2.1.5.1.2 over the CMIS dynamic range (see Section 3.2.1.6.3).
SRDC3.2.1.5.1.2-2
The CMIS calibration shall be traceable to a (TBD) calibration standard.
Table 3.2.1.5.1.2 Measurement Accuracy Requirements for each channel.
(TBD)
SRDC3.2.1.5.2-1
For the retrieval of certain EDRs, the relative and absolute measurement accuracy of relevant channels shall be maintained.
The interchannel accuracy is defined as the difference of the measured brightness temperature of any two relevant CMIS channels, when both channels are viewing the same standard calibration target, under identical conditions.
SRDC3.2.1.5.2.2-1
The interchannel accuracy requirements for related sounding and surface-sensing channels are specified in Table 3.2.1.5.2.2.
SRDC3.2.1.5.2.2-2
These requirements shall be met in addition to the overall accuracy requirements listed in Section 3.2.1.5.1.
Table 3.2.1.5.2.2 CMIS Interchannel Accuracy Requirements
(TBD)
A polarimetric channel is defined as a channel that is intended to measure the third (TU) or the fourth (TV) Stokes parameter within the Earth's natural polarization basis.
The four Stokes parameters in the Earth's natural polarization basis are defined in terms of the upwelling vertically- and horizontally-polarized components of the electric fields incident on the CMIS antenna(s):
T = [ <EvEv*>, <EhEh*>, 2Re<EvEh*>, 2Im<EvEh*>]T
= [Tv, Th, TU, TV]T
where Ev and Eh are the vertically- and horizontally-polarized time-varying electric fields of the incident radiation.
SRDC3.2.1.5.3.2-1
The radiometric accuracy of any polarimetric channels shall be consistent with meeting relevant EDR requirements listed in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.5.3.2-2
As a minimum requirement CMIS measurements of TU and/or TV shall be accurate to ± (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.5.3.3-1
Data within the CMIS-supplied RDRs shall be supplied to enable removal (during ground data processing) of any biases in the measurement(s) of TU and/or TV caused by polarization mixing of the vertically- and/or horizontally-polarized channels.
SRDC3.2.1.5.3.3-2
The final TU and/or TV measurement shall meet all accuracy requirements for achieving the relevant CMIS EDRs and the accuracy requirements listed in Table 3.2.1.5.1.2 and Table 3.2.1.5.2.2.
The CMIS Radiometer Transfer Function is defined as the function relating, for each CMIS channel, the digitized output from that channel to the brightness temperature incident on the CMIS aperture. The CMIS Radiometer Transfer Function characterizes the radiometric response of each CMIS channel to incident microwave radiation.
SRDC3.2.1.6.2-1
The output of each CMIS channel shall be linear over the specified dynamic range (see Section 3.2.1.6.3), with respect to input brightness temperature.
SRDC3.2.1.6.2-2
Any deviation from an ideal linear system shall be less than (TBD) times the DTrms (sensitivity, see Section 3.2.1.4.1 for definition ) value for that CMIS channel.
SRDC3.2.1.6.3-1
The minimum dynamic range of each CMIS channel shall be from (TBD) to (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.6.3-2
The dynamic range for all channels shall be consistent with meeting all the CMIS EDR requirements specified in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.6.4-1
The quantization of each CMIS channel shall be consistent with meeting both the dynamic range and EDR requirements. The quantization error is the amount that the digital quantity differs from the analog quantity.
SRDC3.2.1.6.4-2
The quantization error of each CMIS channel shall be less than (TBD) percent of the DTrms sensitivity, (see Section 3.2.1.4.1 for definition) value for that channel.
The RF pass-band is defined as the continuous frequency band(s) between the lower and upper half-power attenuation points of the CMIS channel's transfer function.
SRDC3.2.1.6.5.2-1
Within each CMIS channel passband(s), the gain as a function of frequency shall not change by an amount greater than (TBD) dB for channels primarily used for imaging or (TBD) dB for channels primarily used for sounding.
SRDC3.2.1.6.5.3-1
The center frequency of each of the individual CMIS channel passband(s) shall not vary by more than (TBD) percent.
The channel gain stability is the stability of the end-to-end radiometer gain as defined by the radiometer transfer function.
SRDC3.2.1.6.6.2-1
The CMIS channel gain shall be sufficiently stable between calibrations such that the measurement accuracy, sensitivity and EDR requirements are met.
SRDC3.2.1.6.6.3-1
In no case and under any operational conditions shall changes in the CMIS channel gain cause that channel to operate outside of its linear dynamic range.
SRDC3.2.1.6.6.4-1
The CMIS channel gain of all polarimetric channels shall be sufficiently stable between calibrations to allow the measurements of TU and/or TV to meet all relevant EDR requirements listed in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1 and accuracy requirements listed in Section 3.2.1.5.3.
Given any pair of CMIS Channels A and B, channel-to-channel isolation is defined as the input power to CMIS Channel B divided by the power that flows into CMIS Channel A from the input power into CMIS Channel B.
SRDC3.2.1.6.7.2-1
Channel-to-channel isolation of any two CMIS channels shall be greater than or equal to (TBD) dB at any source frequency used within a CMIS channel passband. See Section 3.2.1.9.1.4 and 3.2.1.9.2.3 for requirements on CMIS channels differing only by polarization characteristics.
Out-of-band rejection is the level of the end-to-end response of any CMIS channel to a signal within that CMIS channel passband divided by the level of the end-to-end response to signals outside of that CMIS channel passband (see Section 3.2.1.6.5 for definition of the CMIS channel passband).
SRD3.2.1.6.8.2-1
For CMIS channels primarily used for sounding, the passband filter(s) (either RF or IF or both) shall be such that at frequencies (TBD) times the specified half-power bandwidths away from the passband center(s) the filter gain will be a minimum of (TBD) dB below the band center value.
SRDC3.2.1.6.8.2-2
For CMIS channels primarily used for imaging, the requirements are (TBD) dB rejection at frequencies (TBD) times the specified passband width away from the CMIS channel center frequency.
SRDC3.2.1.7.1-1
The CMIS shall employ a conical scan mode. The conical scan geometry is shown in Figure 3.2.1.7.1. The CMIS line-of-sight (LOS) is shown by the vector and is positioned at a fixed nadir angle relative to the CMIS vertical reference axis.
SRDC3.2.1.7.1-2
The CMIS nadir angle shall be (TBD) ± (TBD) degrees from the CMIS vertical reference axis. (see Section 3.2.1.8.2 and 3.2.1.12.3).
Figure 3.2.1.7.1 CMIS Scan Geometry.
(TBS)
The CMIS sensor field of regard (FOR) is defined as the angular segment of the CMIS sensor's complete scan over which the CMIS is collecting radiance data from the Earth, and not including those angular segments used for calibration. The FOR is defined at the sensor level and is measured in degrees.
The swath width is defined as the arc-length, in meters, along a segment of a great circle on the surface of the Earth, which is locally perpendicular to the satellite ground track and extends equally on either side of the ground track. The swath width is defined at the EDR level.
SRDC3.2.1.7.2.2-1
The swath width shall meet all EDR requirements for the CMIS sensor suite.
SRDC3.2.1.7.2.2-2
The CMIS FOR shall be sufficient to provide all the data necessary to meet the CMIS EDR requirements.
The CMIS horizontal spatial resolution is defined in Appendix A.
SRDC3.2.1.7.3.1.2-1
The CMIS horizontal spatial resolution shall be consistent with the CMIS EDR requirements in 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.7.3.2.1-1
The spatial sampling frequency for each CMIS channel shall be consistent with Nyquist criteria in the along-scan direction to ensure that all scene spatial frequencies sensed by the CMIS antenna modulation transfer function (MTF) for that channel are undistorted and appear in the digitized output data for that channel.
SRDC3.2.1.7.3.2.1-2
An analysis shall be provided which demonstrates that this requirement is satisfied.
SRDC3.2.1.7.3.2.2-1
The CMIS spatial sampling frequency in the along-track direction shall be consistent with the EDR requirements in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.7.3.2.2-2
The CMIS contractor shall assess the feasibility of and provide a recommendation to the government regarding Nyquist sampling in the along track direction.
SRD3.2.1.7.3.3-1
The scan rate for the CMIS conical scan shall be (TBD).
SRDC3.2.1.7.4-1
The bandpass characteristics of the pre-sampling filter shall be sufficient to pass all spatial frequencies sensed by the antenna modulation transfer function without introducing distortion greater than (TBD) percent and to provide an effective integration time to meet the EDR requirements and CMIS sensor specifications for measurement sensitivity (see Section 3.2.1.4), accuracy (see Section 3.2.1.5), and horizontal spatial resolution (see Section 3.2.1.7.3).
SRDC3.2.1.7.4-2
An analysis shall be provided which demonstrates that this requirement is satisfied.
SRDC3.2.1.7.5-1
The CMIS shall provide a measurement and readout capability to determine the angular position of the CMIS LOS in the azimuth direction relative to the satellite velocity vector.
SRDC3.2.1.7.5-2
The scan position knowledge measurement shall be accurate to (TBD) degrees and consistent with the CMIS Earth location and EDR requirements.
The antenna beam characteristics are described in terms of the Half Power Beam Width (HPBW), the main beam efficiency, pattern uniformity, and the maximum sidelobe level.
Table 3.2.1.8.1 Antenna Beam Characteristics
(TBD)
The HPBW is the angular width between the two directions at which the main beam gain function is one-half its maximum value within a plane containing the maximum gain of the main beam lobe.
The CMIS channel HPBW is defined by the average of the two HPBW values measured in the planes containing the along-track and along-scan directions relative to the CMIS LOS and averaged over the CMIS channel passband.
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.1.2-1
The individual CMIS channel HPBW values shall be sufficient to meet the EDR requirements listed in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.1.2-2
As a minimum, the HPBW requirements in Table 3.2.1.8.1 shall be met.
The main beam efficiency of each CMIS channel is defined as the ratio of energy received in the desired polarization over the CMIS channel passband (for passband definition see Section 3.2.1.6.5.1) within 2.5 X the CMIS channel HPBW to the total amount of energy received by the antenna within the CMIS channel passband.
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.2.2-1
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS main beam efficiencies of all channels, which includes all relevant error sources, shall be provided to the Government.
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.2.2-2
The main beam efficiency shall be no less than the values listed in Table 3.2.1.8.1 (see section 3.2.1.8.1.4).
In addition, the following requirements apply:
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.2.2-3
For all CMIS channels having a center frequency less than 12 GHz, the main beam efficiency shall be no less than 92% (TBR).
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.2.2-4
For all CMIS channels having a center frequency greater than or equal to 12 GHz, the main beam efficiency shall be no less than 95% (TBR).
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.2.2-5
For all CMIS channels primarily used for sounding the main beam efficiency shall be no less than 95% (TBR).
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.3-1
The HPBW in any plane containing the antenna main beam maximum gain for a given CMIS channel shall be within (TBD) percent of the CMIS channel HPBW (Section 3.2.1.8.1.1.1).
The maximum relative sidelobe level is defined as the maximum value of the antenna gain function within any antenna sidelobe averaged over the CMIS channel passband, with respect to the maximum antenna gain averaged over the CMIS channel passband.
SRDC3.2.1.8.1.4.2-1
The maximum relative sidelobe levels for each CMIS channel shall not be greater than the values listed in Table 3.2.1.8.1.
The CMIS channel line-of-sight (LOS) vector is defined by the weighted center of the CMIS channel antenna beam's half power contour (in the CMIS sensor reference frame) averaged over the CMIS channel passband.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2-1
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS beam pointing accuracy and knowledge which includes all relevant error sources shall be provided.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.1.1-1
The CMIS shall provide a LOS depression angle of (TBD) (TBD) degrees relative to the CMIS vertical reference axis (see Section 3.2.1.12.3).
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.1.1-2
The absolute along-track beam pointing error relative to the CMIS line-of-sight shall be less than or equal to ±(TBD) degrees.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.1.2-1
The absolute along-scan beam pointing error relative to the CMIS line-of-sight shall be less than or equal to ±(TBD) degrees.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.2.1-1
The absolute beam pointing knowledge of each CMIS channel, with respect to the CMIS sensor reference axes shall be less than or equal to (TBD) degrees or (TBD) percent of the antenna pattern HPBW whichever is smaller in both the along-track and along-scan directions.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.2.2-1
The relative beam pointing knowledge of each CMIS channel shall be less than or equal to (TBD) degrees or (TBD) percent of the antenna pattern HPBW whichever is smaller for all relative measurements in both the along-track and along-scan directions.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.3-1
Unless otherwise specified, the relative channel-to-channel beam pointing error shall be referenced to the (TBD) GHz channel antenna bean pattern centroid. At present the government is considering that the reference channel will be one of the high spatial resolution imaging channels. This will aid in the validation of beam pointing and co-registration.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.3-2
The absolute beam pointing error shall not exceed (TBD) degrees or (TBD) percent of the co-registered channel’s HPBW, whichever is smaller. However, fixed beam offsets may be utilized (multiple beams) as required in order to meet the EDR requirements (see Section 3.2.1.8.2.4 ).
Antenna beams having fixed angular offsets from the reference channel antenna beam are allowed as required to meet EDR requirements (while still meeting the beam pointing knowledge requirements in section 3.2.1.8.2.2).
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.4-1
The fixed angular offset relative to the reference channel antenna beam shall be maintained to within (TBD) degrees.
SRDC3.2.1.8.2.5-1
The maximum allowed antenna beam alignment change shall be less than (TBD) degrees or (TBD) percent of the CMIS channel HPBW.
The horizontal and vertical polarization vectors are defined by Equations 3-1 and 3-2 (respectively) and are shown in Figure 3.2.1.9.1.1 below.
EQUATION 3-1 EQUATION 3-2
where is the geodetic local vertical (unit normal) at the Earth’s surface and is the unit vector in the direction of the CMIS line-of-sight.
FIGURE 3.2.1.9.1.1. Illustration of the Vertical and Horizontal Polarization Alignment and Geometry for the CMIS.
(TBS)
The plane of incidence, for a given CMIS channel, is defined as the plane containing the geodetic local vertical (n) and the CMIS antenna beam LOS () for that channel .
SRDC3.2.1.9.1.2-1
Each vertically-polarized beam shall have its polarization direction lie in the plane of incidence within ± (TBD) degrees (see Figure 3.2.1.9.1.1).
SRDC3.2.1.9.1.2-2
Each horizontally-polarized beam shall have its polarization direction normal to the plane of incidence to within ±(TBD) degrees (see Figure 3.2.1.9.1.1).
SRDC3.2.1.9.1.2-3
An analysis shall be provided which demonstrates that both of the above requirements are satisfied.
SRDC3.2.1.9.1.3-1
The vertically- and horizontally-polarized antenna beams shall be aligned orthogonally to within (TBD) degrees.
SRDC3.2.1.9.1.4-1
The integrated cross polarization rejection ratio of the orthogonal feedhorn antenna polarizations within each CMIS channel antenna beam shall be at least (TBD) dB.
SRDC3.2.1.9.2-1
If polarimetric channels are used then the following requirements shall apply in addition to the antenna polarization requirements in Section 3.2.1.9.1.
SRDC3.2.1.9.2-2
The antenna polarizations used by each CMIS polarimetric channel shall be consistent with performing measurements of TU and/or TV which will meet the sensitivity (Section 3.2.1.4), measurement accuracy (Section 3.2.1.5.3) and EDR requirements (Section 3.2.1.1.1.1).
SRDC3.2.1.9.2-3
Any antenna feedhorn(s) used for CMIS polarimetric channel(s) shall meet the minimum requirements for polarization alignment, orthogonality and cross-polarization isolation as stated below in Sections 3.2.1.9.2.1, 2, and 3.
SRDC3.2.1.9.2-4
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS polarization of all channels which includes all relevant error sources shall be provided.
SRDC3.2.1.9.2.1-1
Each vertically polarized beam shall have its polarization direction lie in the plane of incidence to within ±(TBD) degrees (see Figure 3.2.1.9.1.1).
SRDC3.2.1.9.2.1-2
Each horizontally-polarized beam shall have its polarization direction normal to the plane of incidence to within ± (TBD) degrees (see Figure 3.2.1.9.1.1).
SRDC3.2.1.9.2.2-1
The vertically- and horizontally-polarized antenna beams shall be aligned orthogonally within (TBD) degrees.
SRDC3.2.1.9.2.3-1
The integrated cross polarization rejection ratio between orthogonally-polarized channels within each antenna beam shall be at least (TBD) dB.
SRDC3.2.1.9.3-1
Each CMIS channel shall contain ³ 99 percent of the specified polarization.
SRDC3.2.1.9.3-2
Each CMIS polarimetric channel shall contain ³ (TBD) percent of the specified polarization.
SRDC3.2.1.10-1
The CMIS sensor shall require factory pre-launch (ground) and on-orbit calibration.
SRDC3.2.1.10-2
Any external operational calibration techniques shall not affect the normal operating and sensing performance for scene brightness temperatures through the feed system nor cause sun glint into the CMIS, or any other NPOESS sensor.
SRDC3.2.1.10-3
There shall be no time dependent feed horn effects caused by the CMIS calibration implementation, such as Voltage to Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) changes, of such a magnitude as to cause the CMIS calibration, measurement accuracy, sensitivity and EDR requirements specified in this document not to be met.
SRDC3.2.1.10-4
Any calibration system shall have view angles and other properties that are compatible with the NPOESS spacecraft and all other on-board sensors.
The CMIS pre-launch calibration will consist of all tests necessary to measure and characterize the radiometric accuracy of the CMIS over the range of expected on-orbit environmental conditions and the CMIS operational states and modes. The CMIS pre-launch calibration will also provide a complete characterization and validation of the on-orbit calibration and instrument performance. The CMIS pre-launch calibration will utilize, as required the necessary calibration reference standards as calibration sources.
The CMIS pre-launch calibration will also provide a characterization and validation of the contractors calibration model. The calibration model, for each CMIS channel, will be used to relate the CMIS output to radiometric input over the dynamic range and operating conditions of the CMIS sensor.
The CMIS on-orbit calibration will consist of all hardware and measurements necessary to perform a calibration of each CMIS channel during on-orbit operations, at least once per scan.
SRDC3.2.1.10.1.2-1
The CMIS shall incorporate an on-orbit calibration system that uses a minimum of two signal levels (hot and cold effective scene brightness temperatures) to calibrate each CMIS channel. The calibration approach may use internal, external or any combination of sources necessary to meet the measurement accuracy requirements given in Table 3.2.1.5.1.2 and Table 3.2.1.5.2.2, and the CMIS EDR requirements.
An external cold calibration source, if used, may utilize a cold sky view.
SRDC3.2.1.10.1.2-2
The CMIS contractor shall provide the spacecraft contractor the necessary information and requirements to accommodate the clear field of view that such a target would require.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.1-1
The pre-launch calibration shall be performed prior to CMIS delivery.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.1-2
If the period between delivery of the CMIS and integration onto the spacecraft exceeds (TBS) months, then the pre-launch calibration shall be repeated before integration onto the spacecraft.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.1-3
If the CMIS has been in storage prior to spacecraft integration for longer than (TBS) months then the pre-launch calibration shall be repeated before integration onto the spacecraft.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.1-4
If the CMIS has been in storage after integration onto the spacecraft for longer than (TBS) months then the contractor shall make recommendations for any pre-launch calibration requirements.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.2-1
Calibration of each CMIS channel shall occur at least once per scan.
SRDC3.2.1.10.2.2-2
The number of calibration samples taken during each scan shall be sufficient to meet all measurement accuracy, sensitivity and EDR performance requirements.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1-1
External thermal calibration sources suitable for the pre-launch calibration of all CMIS channels shall be provided. The external thermal calibration sources will be referred to as calibration targets.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.1-1
The pre-launch calibration target(s) shall have a minimum measured emissivity of (TBD), for each CMIS channel.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.1-2
The emissivity shall be measured in accordance with the specifications given in Document (TBS).
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.2-1
The pre-launch calibration targets shall be capable of providing standard reference brightness temperatures over the temperature range (TBD) K to (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.3-1
Temperature differences between any temperature controlled surface and the surface viewed by the CMIS radiometer channels shall be less than (TBS) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.3-2
The temperature of the pre-launch calibration target shall be continuously monitored during all calibration tests using NIST traceable temperature transducers.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.3-3
The temperature measurements shall be accurate to ± (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.4-1
The maximum brightness temperature variation over the effective aperture of the pre-launch calibration target(s) shall be less than (TBD) K at any of the brightness temperatures specified in paragraph 3.2.1.10.3.1.2. The effective aperture of the pre-launch calibration target is defined as the 90 percent energy contour of the corresponding feedhorn antenna under test.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.4-2
The brightness temperature of the pre-launch calibration target(s) shall be constant to within (TBS) K during the pre-launch calibration, at any of the brightness temperatures specified in paragraph 3.2.1.10.3.1.2.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.5-1
If the CMIS sensor includes polarimetric channels, a polarimetric calibration source shall be provided for the pre-launch calibration of the corresponding polarimetric channels.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.5-2
(TBR) The polarimetric calibration source shall provide the appropriate Stokes parameters (TU or TV) to the CMIS feedhorn antenna with at least a dynamic range of ±10 K for TU and ±2 K for TV relative to the mean background brightness temperature.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.5-3
The TU or TV signals shall be provided with an absolute accuracy of ± (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.5-4
The polarimetric calibration source shall also provide vertically- and horizontally-polarized scene brightness temperatures over the range specified in Section 3.2.1.10.3.1.2.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.1.6-1
If the CMIS sensor utilizes internal calibration source(s), the internal source calibration shall be verified by an end-to-end calibration with an external calibration target over the range of brightness temperatures specified in Section 3.2.1.10.3.1.2.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2-1
The calibration sources employed for on-orbit calibration of the CMIS shall provide sufficiently accurate radiometric brightness temperature or noise power so as to enable the CMIS to meet all radiometric measurement accuracy requirements listed in Tables 3.2.1.5.1.2 and 3.2.1.5.2.2, and the EDR requirements in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.1-1
Any external on-orbit calibration targets shall have a measured emissivity of (TBD).
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.1-2
The external on-orbit calibration target emissivity shall be measured in accordance with the specifications given in Document (TBS).
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.2-1
The external on-orbit calibration target shall be capable of providing effective brightness temperatures over the temperature range (TBD) K to (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.3-1
Temperature differences between any temperature controlled surface and the surface viewed by the CMIS radiometer channels shall be less than (TBS) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.3-2
The temperature of any on-orbit external calibration target shall be continuously monitored using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable temperature transducers.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.3-3
The temperature measurements shall be accurate to ± (TBD) K.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.4-1
The maximum brightness temperature variation over the effective aperture of any on-orbit calibration target(s) shall be less than (TBD) K. The effective aperture of the on-orbit calibration target is defined as the 90 percent energy contour of the corresponding feedhorn antenna under test.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.4-2
The brightness temperature of any on-orbit calibration target(s) shall be constant to within (TBS) K during the on-orbit calibration period.
SRDC3.2.1.10.3.2.5-1
If internal calibration sources are to be used on-orbit, the calibration of the CMIS channels utilizing the internal calibration sources shall meet the measurement accuracy (Section 3.2.1.5) and EDR performance requirements.
SRDC3.2.1.10.4.1-1
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS pre-launch calibration which includes all relevant error sources to the pre-launch calibration shall be provided to the government.
SRDC3.2.1.10.4.1-2
The following error sources shall be included as a minimum:
Calibration algorithms (such as antenna pattern correction) may be required to meet calibration accuracy requirements (TBR).
SRDC3.2.1.10.4.2-1
An error analysis/budget for the CMIS on-orbit calibration which includes all relevant error sources to the on-orbit calibration shall be provided to the government.
SRDC3.2.1.10.4.2-2
The error sources shall include as a minimum those identified in Section 3.2.1.10.4.1.
The CMIS contractor should consider the effects of the relative motion of the satellite and CMIS sensor scan LOS on the retrieval of atmospheric EDRs.
SRDC3.2.1.11-1
The CMIS contractor shall account for these effects in either the CMIS hardware design or science algorithms or both.
The alignment of the CMIS relative to the spacecraft, and knowledge of the CMIS LOS in conjunction with the spacecraft attitude and ephemeris data will allow the Earth location of the CMIS sensor data.
SRDC3.2.1.12.1-1
The Earth location shall be in geodetic latitude and longitude corrected for altitude within the accuracy specified for each EDR in Section 3.2.1.1.1.1.
SRDC3.2.1.12.2.1-1
The CMIS contractor shall be responsible for meeting the EDR Earth location requirements, based on the allocations from the spacecraft level as specified in Section 3.2.4.2.1.3.
SRDC3.2.1.12.2.1-2
The CMIS contractor shall provide a complete analysis of the Earth location error budget.
SRDC3.2.1.12.2.1-3
This shall include, but is not limited to, the allocations from the spacecraft, the CMIS sensor design allocations, alignment requirements between the CMIS and the spacecraft and development and validation of the Earth location algorithm for the CMIS data.
SRDC3.2.1.12.2.1-4
The CMIS contractor shall communicate all data requirements necessary to perform this function to the IPO and prime contractor.
TABLE 3.2.1.12.2. EARTH LOCATION REQUIREMENTS ERROR BUDGET
(TBD)
SRDC3.2.1.12.3-1
The CMIS shall have a well defined set of three orthogonal reference axes.
SRDC3.2.1.12.3-2
This set shall include a vertical reference axis.
SRDC3.2.1.12.3-3
These axes shall be used as reference axes for alignment of the CMIS LOS and the overall alignment of the CMIS to the NPOESS spacecraft. [see paragraph 3.2.1.8.2.1].
SRDC3.2.1.12.3-4
Any additional reference positions and alignment axes shall be determined by the CMIS contractor and provided to the IPO and prime contractor.
(TBS)
(TBD)
(TBS)
(TBD)
(TBS)
(TBD)
The NPOESS IPO will provide up to 5 (TBR) microwave images representing different sea states and soil moisture content in each of the 20 (TBR) daytime non-desert categories/areas (diurnal variations and deserts will be neglected) listed below, for use in developing imager designs, and in verifying imager and algorithm performance. The government will create an additional set of up to 5 images in each area/category which will be used by the government to determine sensor design performance and algorithm performance.
Location
Climate Area Spring Summer Autumn Winter (NW Corner)
Polar
Land: Siberia X X 70N 103E
Coast: Point Barrow X X 72N 159W
Tropics
Land: Amazon Basin X X 5S 65W
Coast: Cameroon X X 5N 8E
Ocean: E. Pacific X 8N 120W
Midlatitudes
Land: W. Urals X X X X 56N 56E
Coast: Olympic X X X X 48N 126W
Peninsula X 45N 30W
Ocean: Azores X 48N 8E
Alpine: Swiss Alps X 25N 88E
Sub-Tropical: Bangladesh
Images will have a Horizontal Spatial Resolution (HSR) of 7.5 km (TBR) and will include 64X64 (TBR) pixels. The images will represent top of the atmosphere radiance in-channel for each Stokes parameter, with channels selected by the contractor to match their sensor channels. The number of image channels, including the both frequency and polarization, will not exceed 24. Contractors with more than 24 channels in their design must select which 24 channels they desire as standard scenes. After delivery of the initial set of images, contractors may request copies of the executable models and the input datasets and commands used to create the images if they wish to generate additional scenes in other channels. Sensor responsivity will be assumed to be a top-hat (TBR), since alternate sensor response functions can be characterized and calibrated out.
Sea surface data underlying the images will be constructed from a (TBS) sea surface model. Land surface data underlying the images will be constructed from a (TBS) microwave surface model. Clouds will be inserted into the images as gray body radiators with scattering as appropriate and with specified optical depth, particle size, and cloud base and top heights. Top of the atmosphere radiance values will be computed using (TBS) microwave radiance model. Image files will be supplied as binary data in raster format, with a 32 bit floating point value for each pixel, and with 1 channel and Stokes parameter per file (TBR). Files will be supplied on TAR tapes (TBR).
The NPOESS IPO will provide up to 5 sounder datasets in each of the categories/areas listed below for use in developing sounder designs, and in verifying sounder and algorithm performance. There are 24 areas in all. For each area except polar, there will be day and night categories as well, making the total 44 areas / categories (TBR) of standard datasets. The government will create an additional set of up to 5 images in each area/category which will be used by the government to determine sensor design performance and algorithm performance.
Location
Climate Area Spring Summer Autumn Winter (NW Corner)
Polar
Land: Siberia X X 70N 103E
Coast: Point Barrow X X 72N 159W
Tropics
Land: Amazon Basin X X 5S 65W
Coast: Cameroon X X 5N 8E
Ocean: E. Pacific X 8N 120W
Midlatitudes
Land: W. Urals X X X X 56N 56E
Coast: Olympic X X X X 48N 126W
Peninsula X X X X 41N 118W
Desert: Great Basin X 45N 30W
Ocean: Azores X 48N 8E
Alpine: Swiss Alps X 25N 88E
Sub-Tropical: Bangladesh
Sounder datasets will cover subsets from the areas identified for images. Each sounder area will consist of an area equal to 5X5 HSRs (TBR) for the channel with the largest HSR for the sensor design, but will have a HSR of 7.5 km (TBR). Datasets will provide radiance values for each channel requested by the contractor. No limit on the number of channels is specified, however, more than (TBS) channels must be justified by the contractor. The number of sounding channels modeled, including the both frequency and polarization, will not exceed 50. Contractors with more than 50 channels in their design must select which 50 channels they desire as standard sounder datasets. After delivery of the initial set of sounding datasets, contractors may request copies of the executable models and the input datasets and commands used to create the soundings if they wish to generate additional data in other channels. Sensor responsivity will be assumed to be a top-hat (TBR), since alternate sensor response functions can be characterized and calibrated out.
Radiance data will be based on ground truth profiles of temperature, water vapor, and ozone, and will be computed with (TBS) microwave radiance model for microwave channels. The temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles will be available for each dataset given to the contractor. Cloud/no-cloud masks, at the smallest HSR, will be provided with each sounder dataset. Sounder dataset files will be supplied as binary data in raster format, with a 32 bit floating point value for each pixel, and with 1 channel per file (TBR). Files will be supplied on TAR tapes (TBR)
SRDC3.2.1.14-1
The data packets generated by the CMIS shall conform to the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packetization per the (TBS) real time interface specification and the (TBS) stored data interface specification.
SRDC3.2.1.14-2
If data compression techniques are utilized by the CMIS in generating data packets for storage on orbit, the compression shall be lossless.
SRDC3.2.1.14-3
The CMIS may utilize lossy data compression in generating data packets for real time transmission of mission data to field terminals via either high or low data rate links, with the exception of sensor calibration data.
SRDC3.2.1.14-4
If the CMIS utilizes data compression techniques in generating data packets for real time transmission of sensor calibration data to field terminals via either high or low data rate links, the compression shall be lossless.
SRDC3.2.1.14-5
The CMIS contractor shall identify and quantify any EDR performance degradation at the field terminals resulting from the use of lossy data compression.
TBD
The system interfaces relevant to the sensors are depicted in Figure 3.2.3 below.
SPACE SEGMENT
Figure 3.2.3 Partial System Internal Interfaces
The weight, power, volume and data rates described herein are nominal values (with contingency) which were developed during the initial studies at the Integrated Program Office (IPO). All values are defined as TBR, indicating that specific allocations are negotiable. It is presently planned that definitive allocations will be defined by the IPO, in consultation with sensor contractors, by the time of SRR. In the interim, contractors should keep in mind that relaxation from nominal allocations will only be possible if changes are consistent with the requirement to accommodate the full NPOESS payload suite of instruments on a spacecraft which can be placed in a nominal 833 Km orbit by an EELV-class launch vehicle.
SRDC3.2.4.0.1-1
The mass of the complete CMIS sensor (including all subsystems, deployment mechanisms, mounting hardware, cabling, etc.) shall be less than or equal to 178 kilograms (TBR).
SRDC3.2.4.0.2-1
The CMIS notional baseline consists of an antenna and a rotating electronics canister. The CMIS shall be less than or equal to the following constraints (TBR):
Antenna Subassembly: 220 centimeters largest stowed dimension (TBR)
Electronics Subassembly: 46 centimeters x 46 centimeters x 55 centimeters (x,y,z)(TBR)
Additional subassemblies mounted internally to the spacecraft, or separately on the spacecraft surface, are (TBR)
SRDC3.2.4.0.3-1
The power consumption of the CMIS sensor shall be less than or equal to 208 Watts (TBR).
SRDC3.2.4.0.4-1
The data rate of the CMIS sensor shall be compatible with the following constraints:
a) Stored Mission Data Rate: 80 kilobits per second (TBR) (see Note 1),
b) Real Time Data Rate Number 1: 80 kilobits per second (TBR) (see Note 1)
c) Real Time Data Rate Number 2: 20 kilobits per second (TBR) (see Note 2)
Note 1: 2:1 Data Compression Allowed
Note 2: 8:1 Data Compression Allowed
The CMIS notional baseline provides for the CMIS to be mounted on the zenith surface of the NPOESS spacecraft in order to prevent intrusions into the fields of view of other sensors. Alternative mounting locations will be considered by the NPOESS Program, but will not be approved until satisfactory accommodation of other sensors on the spacecraft has been demonstrated.
Continued in File CMIS-B.DOC