SORT: 5100.01
DOCI: DODD 5100.1
DATE: 19870925
TITL: DODD 5100.1 Functions of the Department of Defense and its Major
Components, September 25, 1987, ASD(C)
Ref: (a) DoD Directive 5100.1, subject as above, April 3, 1987 (hereby
canceled)
(b) DoD Directive 5158.1, "Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
Relationships with the Office of the Secretary of Defense," May 1, 1985
(c) Public Law 95-452, "Inspector General Act of 1978," as amended
(d) DoD Directive 5106.1, "Inspector General of the Department of
Defense," March 14, 1983
(e) Title 14, United States Code
(f) Title 10, United States Code
A. REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE
This Directive:
1. Cancels reference (a).
2. Promulgates the following statement of the functions of the Department
of Defense and its major components.
B. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
1. All functions in the Department of Defense and its component agencies
are performed under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary
of Defense.
2. The Department of Defense is composed of the Office of the Secretary of
Defense (OSD), the Military Departments and the Military Services within
those Departments, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Joint Staff,
the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands, the Defense Agencies and DoD
Field Activities, and such other offices, agencies, activities and
commands as may be established or designated by law, or by the President
or the Secretary of Defense. The functions of the heads of these offices
shall be as assigned by the Secretary of Defense in accordance with
existing law.
a. In providing immediate staff assistance and advice to the Secretary of
Defense, the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, though separately identified and organized, function in full
coordination and cooperation in accordance with reference (b).
(1) The Office of the Secretary of Defense includes the Deputy Secretary
of Defense, Under Secretaries of Defense, Comptroller of the Department of
Defense, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Assistant
Secretaries of Defense, Director of Operational Test and Evaluation,
General Counsel of the Department of Defense, the Inspector General of the
Department of Defense, and such other offices and officials as may be
established by law or by the Secretary of Defense.
(2) The Chairman and the Joint Chiefs of Staff are directly responsible to
the Secretary of Defense for the functions assigned to them. To the extent
it does not impair his independence in the performance of his duties as a
member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, each member of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, except the Chairman, shall inform the Secretary of his Military
Department regarding military advice rendered by members of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff on matters affecting his Military Department.
(3) The Inspector General, Department of Defense, provides staff
assistance and advice to the Secretary of Defense in accordance with the
responsibilities specified in Public Law 95-452 (reference (c)) and DoD
Directive 5106.1 (reference (d)).
b. Each Military Department (the Department of the Navy to include the
United States Marine Corps, and the United States Coast Guard when
transferred in accordance with sections 2, 3, and 145 of 14 U.S.C.
(reference (e))) shall be separately organized under its own Secretary and
shall function under the direction, authority, and control of the
Secretary of Defense. Orders to the Military Departments shall be issued
through the Secretaries of these Departments, or their designees, by the
Secretary of Defense or under authority specifically delegated in writing
by the Secretary of Defense or as provided by law.
(1) The Secretary of each Military Department, and the civilian employees
and members of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of the Military
Department Secretary, shall cooperate fully with the Office of the
Secretary of Defense to achieve efficient administration of the Department
of Defense and to carry out effectively the authority, direction, and
control of the Secretary of Defense.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall keep the Secretaries of the Military
Departments informed with respect to military operations and activities of
the Department of Defense that directly affect their respective
responsibilities.
c. The Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands are
responsible to the President and the Secretary of Defense for
accomplishing the military missions assigned to them and shall exercise
command authority over forces assigned to them as directed by the
Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 10 U.S.C. 164 reference (f)). The
operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of
Defense to the Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
The Chairman, JCS, functions within the chain of command by transmitting
to the Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands the
orders of the President or the Secretary of Defense.
(1) Orders to such commanders shall be issued by the President or the
Secretary of Defense or by the Chairman, JCS, with the authority and
direction of the President or the Secretary of Defense.
(2) Communications from the President or the Secretary of Defense to the
Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands shall be
transmitted through the Chairman, JCS. Communications from the Commanders
of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands to the President and/or
the Secretary of Defense shall be transmitted through the Chairman, JCS.
(3) Communications in matters of joint interest, addressed to the
Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands by other
authority, shall, unless urgent circumstances do not permit, be
coordinated with the Chairman, JCS. Information copies of all
communications in matters of joint interest between Washington-level
offices, agencies, activities and commands and the Unified and Specified
Combatant Commands shall be provided to the Chairman, JCS.
(4) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of
Defense, the Chairman acts as the spokesman for Commanders of the Unified
and Specified Combatant Commands, especially on the operational
requirements of their commands and shall be responsible for overseeing the
activities of the combatant commands. The President and the Secretary of
Defense may assign other duties to the Chairman to assist the President
and the Secretary of Defense in performing their command functions.
C. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
As prescribed by higher authority, the Department of Defense shall
maintain and employ Armed Forces to:
1. Support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all
enemies, foreign and domestic.
2. Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the
United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest.
3. Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United
States.
D. FUNCTIONS OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
The Joint Chiefs of Staff, consisting of the Chairman; the Chief of Staff,
U.S. Army; the Chief of Naval Operations; the Chief of Staff, U.S. Air
Force; and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and supported by the Joint
Staff, constitute the immediate military staff of the Secretary of
Defense.
1. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military
advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary
of Defense. Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the
President and the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman shall be responsible
for the following principal functions:
a. Advise and assist the Secretary of Defense on the preparation of annual
policy guidance for the heads of Department of Defense components for the
preparation and review of program recommendations and budget proposals.
b. Advise the Secretary of Defense on the preparation of policy guidance
for the preparation and review of contingency plans.
c. Assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in providing for the
strategic direction of the Armed Forces, including the direction of
operations conducted by the Commanders of Unified and Specified Combatant
Commands.
d. Prepare strategic plans, including plans which conform with resource
levels projected by the Secretary of Defense to be available for the
period of time for which the plans are to be effective.
e. Prepare joint logistic and mobility plans to support those strategic
plans and recommend the assignment of logistics and mobility
responsibilities to the Armed Forces in accordance with those logistic and
mobility plans.
f. Prepare military strategy and assessments of the associated risks.
These will include the following:
(1) A military strategy to support national objectives within policy and
resource-level guidance provided by the Secretary of Defense. Such
strategy shall include broad military options prepared by the Chairman
with the advice of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commanders of the
Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
(2) Net assessments to determine the capabilities of the Armed Forces of
the United States and its allies as compared to those of possible
adversaries.
g. Provide for the preparation and review of contingency plans that
conform to policy guidance from the President and the Secretary of
Defense.
h. Prepare joint logistics and mobility plans to support those contingency
plans and recommend the assignment of logistic and mobility
responsibilities to the Armed Forces in accordance with those logistic and
mobility plans.
i. Advise the Secretary of Defense on critical deficiencies and strengths
in force capabilities (including manpower, logistic, and mobility support)
identified during the preparation and review of contingency plans, and
assess the effect of such deficiencies and strengths on meeting national
security objectives and policy and on strategic plans.
j. After consultation with the Commanders of the Unified and Specified
Combatant Commands, establish and maintain a uniform system for evaluating
the preparedness of each Unified and Specified Combatant Command to carry
out missions assigned to the command.
k. Advise the Secretary of Defense on the priorities of the requirements,
especially operational requirements, identified by the Commanders of the
Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
l. Advise the Secretary of Defense on the extent to which the program
recommendations and budget proposals of the Military Departments and other
components of the Department of Defense conform with the priorities
established in strategic plans and with the priorities established for
requirements of the Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant
Commands.
m. If deemed necessary, submit to the Secretary of Defense alternative
program recommendations and budget proposals within projected resource
levels and guidance provided by the Secretary of Defense, to achieve
greater conformance with the priorities established in strategic plans and
with the priorities for the requirements of the Commanders of the Unified
and Specified Combatant Commands.
n. In accordance with guidance of the Secretary of Defense, recommend
budget proposals for activities of each Unified and Specified Combatant
Command, as appropriate. Activities for which funding may be requested
include:
(I) Joint Exercises
(2) Force Training
(3) Contingencies
(4) Selected Operations
o. Advise the Secretary of Defense on the extent to which the major
programs and policies of the Armed Forces in the area of manpower conform
with strategic plans.
p. Assess military requirements for defense acquisition programs.
q. Develop and establish doctrine for all aspects of the joint employment
of the Armed Forces.
r. Formulate policies for coordinating the military education and training
of members of the Armed Forces.
s. Provide for representation of the United States on the Military Staff
Committee of the United Nations in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations.
t. Submit to the Secretary of Defense, not less than once every 3 years, a
report containing such recommendations for changes in the assignment of
functions (roles and missions) to the Armed Forces as the Chairman
considers necessary to achieve maximum effectiveness of the Armed Forces.
u. Prescribe the duties and functions of the Vice Chairman, JCS, subject
to approval of the Secretary of Defense.
v. Exercise exclusive direction of the Joint Staff.
w. Subject to the direction of the President, attend and participate in
meetings of the National Security Council.
x. Advise and assist the President and the Secretary of Defense on
establishing Unified and Specified Combatant Commands to perform military
missions and on prescribing the force structure of those commands.
y. Periodically, not less than every 2 years, review the missions,
responsibilities (including geographic boundaries), and force structure of
each Unified and Specified Combatant Command; and recommend to the
President through the Secretary of Defense, any changes to missions,
responsibilities, and force structure, as may be necessary.
z. Transmit communications between the President or the Secretary of
Defense and the Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant
Commands, as directed by the President.
aa. Perform duties, as assigned by the President or the Secretary of
Defense, to assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in
performing their command function.
bb. Oversee the activities of the Unified and Specified Combatant
Commands.
cc. Advise the Secretary of Defense on whether a Commander of a Unified or
Specified Combatant Command has sufficient authority, direction, and
control over the commands and forces assigned to the command to exercise
effective command of those commands and forces.
dd. Advise and assist the Secretary of Defense on measures to provide for
the administration and support of forces assigned to each Unified and
Specified Combatant Command.
ee. Advise the Secretary of Defense on whether aspects of the
administration and support necessary for the accomplishment of missions
should be assigned to the Commander of a Unified or Specified Combatant
Command.
ff. Serve as the spokesman for Commanders of the Unified and Specified
Combatant Commands, especially on the operational requirements of their
commands.
gg. Provide overall supervision of those Defense Agencies and DoD Field
Activities for which the Chairman, JCS, has been designated by the
Secretary of Defense to oversee. Perform such other functions with respect
to the Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities as may be assigned by the
Secretary of Defense.
hh. Periodically, not less than every 2 years, report to the Secretary of
Defense on the responsiveness and readiness of designated combat-support
agencies.
ii. Provide for the participation of combat-support agencies in joint
training exercises, assess their performance, and take steps to provide
for changes to improve their performance.
jj. Develop, in consultation with the director of each combat-support
agency, and maintain a uniform readiness reporting system for combat-
support agencies.
kk. Advise and assist the Secretary of Defense on the periodic review and
revision of the curriculum of each professional military education school
to enhance the education and training of officers in joint matters.
Il. Review the reports of selection boards that consider for promotion
officers serving, or having served, in joint duty assignments in
accordance with guidelines furnished by the Secretary of Defense and
return the reports with determinations and comments to the Secretary of
the appropriate Military Department.
mm. Advise the Secretary of Defense on the establishment of career
guidelines for officers with the joint specialty.
nn. Submit to the Secretary of Defense an evaluation of the joint duty
performance of officers recommended for an initial appointment to the
grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral, or initial appointment as
general or admiral.
oo. Promulgate Joint Chiefs of Staff publications (JCS Pubs) to provide
military guidance for joint activities of the Armed Forces.
pp. Review the plans and programs of the Commanders of Unified and
Specified Combatant Commands to determine their adequacy and feasibility
for the performance of assigned missions.
qq. Provide military guidance for use by the Military Departments, the
Military Services, and the Defense Agencies in the preparation of their
respective detailed plans.
rr. Participate, as directed, in the preparation of combined plans for
military action in conjunction with the Armed Forces of other nations.
ss. Determine the headquarters support, such as facilities, personnel, and
communications, required by Unified and Specified Combatant Commands, and
recommend the assignment to the Military Departments of the
responsibilities for providing such support.
tt. Prepare and submit to the Secretary of Defense, for information and
consideration, general strategic guidance for the development of
industrial and manpower mobilization programs.
uu. Prepare and submit to the Secretary of Defense military guidance for
use in the development of military aid programs and other actions relating
to foreign military forces.
vv. Formulate policies for the joint training of the Armed Forces.
ww. Assess joint military requirements for command, control, and
communications; recommend improvements; and provide guidance on aspects
that relate to the conduct of joint operations.
xx. Prepare and submit to the Secretary of Defense, for information and
consideration in connection with the preparation of budgets, statements of
military requirements based upon U.S. strategic war plans. These
statements of requirements shall include tasks, priority of tasks, force
requirements, and general strategic guidance for developing military
installations and bases, and for equipping and maintaining military
forces.
yy. In carrying out his functions, duties, and responsibilities, the
Chairman, JCS, shall, as he considers appropriate, consult with and seek
the advice of the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
Commanders of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
zz. Perform such other duties as the President or the Secretary of Defense
may prescribe.
2. The other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are military advisers to
the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense
as specified below:
a. A member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may submit to the Chairman advice
or an opinion in disagreement with, or in addition to, the advice or
opinion presented by the Chairman. If a member submits such advice or
opinion, the Chairman shall present that advice or opinion to the
President, Secretary of Defense, or National Security Council at the same
time that he presents his own advice. The Chairman shall also, as he
considers appropriate, inform the President, the National Security
Council, or the Secretary of Defense of the range of military advice and
opinion with respect to any matter.
b. The members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, individually or collectively,
in their capacity as military advisers, shall provide advice to the
President, the National Security Council, or the Secretary of Defense on a
particular matter when the President, the National Security Council, or
the Secretary of Defense requests such advice.
3. The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall perform such
duties as may be prescribed by the Chairman with the approval of the
Secretary of Defense. When there is a vacancy in the Office of the
Chairman or in the absence or disability of the Chairman, the Vice
Chairman acts as Chairman and performs the duties of the Chairman until a
successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases.
E. FUNCTIONS OF THE UNIFIED AND SPECIFIED COMBATANT COMMANDERS
1. Unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense,
the authority, direction, and control of the Commander of a Unified or
Specified Combatant Command with respect to the commands and forces
assigned to that command include the command functions of:
a. Giving authoritative direction to subordinate commands and forces
necessary to carry our missions assigned to the command, including
authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint
training, and logistics;
b. Prescribing the chain of command to the commands and forces within the
command;
c. Organizing commands and forces within that command as he considers
necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command;
d. Employing forces within that command as he considers necessary to carry
out missions assigned to the command;
e. Assigning command functions to subordinate commanders;
f. Coordinating and approving those aspects of administration, support
(including control of resources and equipment, internal organization, and
training), and discipline necessary to carry out missions assigned to the
command; and
g. Exercising the authority with respect to selecting subordinate
commanders, selecting combatant command staff, suspending subordinates,
and convening courts-martial, as provided in 10 U.S.C. (reference (f)).
2. If a commander of a combatant command at any time considers his
authority, direction, or control with respect to any of the commands or
forces assigned to the command to be insufficient to command effectively,
the commander shall promptly inform the Secretary of Defense.
3. Unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of the
Defense, Commanders of Unified and Specified Combatant Commands exercise
authority over subordinate commanders as follows:
a. Commanders of commands and forces assigned to a Unified or Specified
Combatant Command are under the authority, direction, and control of, and
are responsible to, the Commander of the Unified or Specified Combatant
Command on all matters for which the Commander of the Unified or Specified
Combatant Command has been assigned authority under subsection E.1. above;
b. The commander of a command or force referred to in paragraph E.3.a.,
above, shall communicate with other elements of the Department of Defense
on any matter for which the Commander of the Unified or Specified
Combatant Command has been assigned authority under subsection E.1. in
accordance with procedures, if any, established by the Commander of the
Unified or Specifics Combatant Command;
c. Other elements of the Department of Defense shall communicate, with the
commander of a command or force referred to in E.3.a. on any matter for
which the Commander of the Unified or Specified Combatant Command has been
assigned authority under subsection E.1., above, in accordance with
procedures, if any, established by the Commander of the Unified or
Specified Combatant Command; and
d. If directed by the Commander of the Unified or Specified Combatant
Command, the commander of a command or force referred to in paragraph
E.3.a. shall advise the Commander of the Unified or Specified Combatant
Command of all communications to and from other elements of the Department
of Defense on any matter for which the Commander of the Unified or
Specified Combatant Command has not been assigned authority under
subsection E.1.
F. FUNCTIONS OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS
1. The chain of command for purposes other than the operational direction
of Unified and Specified Combatant Commands runs from the President to the
Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments to the
commanders of Military Service forces.
2. Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretaries of the Military Departments are responsible for,
and have the authority necessary to conduct, all affairs of their
respective Departments, including the following:
a. Recruiting b. Organizing c. Supplying d. Equipping (including research
and development) e. Training f. Servicing g. Mobilizing h. Demobilizing
i. Administering (including the morale and welfare of personnel) j.
Maintaining k. The construction, outfitting, and repairs of military
equipment l. The construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings,
structures, and utilities; the acquisition, management and disposal; and
the management of real property of natural resources.
3. Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretaries of the Military Departments are responsible to
the Secretary of Defense for the following activities of their respective
Departments.
a. The functioning and efficiency of their Departments;
b. The formulation of policies and programs that are fully consistent with
national security objectives and policies established by the President and
the Secretary of Defense;
c. The effective and timely implementation of policy, program, and budget
decisions and instructions of the President or Secretary of Defense
relating to the functions of each Military Department;
d. Carrying out the functions of the Military Departments so as to fulfill
(to the maximum extent practicable) the current and future operational
requirements of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands;
e. Effective cooperation and coordination between the Military Departments
and agencies of the Department of Defense to provide for more effective,
efficient, and economical administration and to eliminate duplication;
f. The presentation and justification of the positions of their respective
departments on the plans, programs, and policies of the Department of
Defense;
g. The effective supervision and control of Military Department
intelligence activities; and
h. Such other activities as may be prescribed by law or by the President
or Secretary of Defense.
4. Common Functions of the Military Departments. The functions of the
Military Departments, under their respective Secretaries, are as follows:
a. To prepare forces and establish reserves of manpower, equipment, and
supplies for the effective prosecution of war and military operations
short of war and plan for the expansion of peacetime components to meet
the needs of war.
b. To maintain in readiness mobile reserve forces, properly organized,
trained, and equipped for employment in emergency.
c. To provide adequate, timely, and reliable intelligence and counter-
intelligence for the Military Department and other agencies as directed by
competent authority.
d. To recruit, organize, train, and equip interoperable forces for
assignment to Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
e. To prepare and submit budgets for their respective departments; justify
before the Congress budget requests as approved by the President; and
administer the funds made available for maintaining, equipping, and
training the forces of their respective departments, including those
assigned to Unified and Specified Combatant Commands. The budget
submissions to the Secretary of Defense by the Military Departments shall
be prepared on the basis, among other things, of the recommendations of
CINCs and of Service component commanders of forces assigned to Unified
and Specified Combatant Commands.
f. To conduct research; develop tactics, techniques, and organization; and
develop and procure weapons, equipment, and supplies essential to the
fulfillment of the functions assigned in this Directive.
g. To develop, garrison, supply, equip, and maintain bases and other
installations, including lines of communication, and to provide
administrative and logistics support for all forces and bases, unless
otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense.
h. To provide, as directed, such forces, military missions, and
detachments for service in foreign countries as may be required to support
the national interests of the United States.
i. To assist in training and equipping the military forces of foreign
nations.
j. To provide, as directed, administrative and logistic support to the
headquarters of Unified and Specified Combatant Commands, to include
direct support of the development and acquisition of the command and
control systems of such headquarters.
k. To assist each other in the accomplishment of their respective
functions, including the provisions of personnel, intelligence, training,
facilities, equipment, supplies, and services.
l. To prepare and submit, in coordination with other Military Departments,
mobilization information to the JCS.
5. Common Service Functions. The Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps,
under their respective Secretaries, are responsible for the following
functions:
a. Determining Service force requirements and making recommendations
concerning force requirements to support national security objectives and
strategy and to meet the operational requirements of the Unified and
Specified Combatant Commands.
b. Planning for the use of the intrinsic capabilities of resources of the
other Services that may be made available.
c. Recommending to the JCS the assignment and deployment of forces to
Unified and Specified Combatant Commands established by the President
through the Secretary of Defense.
d. Administering Service forces.
e. Providing logistic support for Service forces, including procurement,
distribution, supply, equipment, and maintenance, unless otherwise
directed by the Secretary of Defense.
f. Developing doctrines, procedures, tactics, and techniques employed by
Service forces.
g. Conducting operational testing and evaluation.
h. Providing for training for joint operations and joint exercises in
support of Unified and Specified Combatant Command operational
requirements, including the following:
(1) Development of Service training, doctrines, procedures, tactics,
techniques, and methods of organization in accordance with policies and
procedures established in Service publications.
(2) Development and preparation of Service publications to support the
conduct of joint training.
(3) Determination of Service requirements to enhance the effectiveness of
joint training.
(4) Support of that joint training directed by the Commanders of the
Unified and Specified Combatant Commands and conduct of such additional
joint training as is mutually agreed upon by the Services concerned.
i. Operating organic land vehicles, aircraft, and ships or craft.
j. Consulting and coordinating with the other Services on all matters of
joint concern.
k. Participating with the other Services in the development of the
doctrines, procedures, tactics, techniques, training, publications, and
equipment for such joint operations as are the primary responsibility of
one of the Services.
6. The forces developed and trained to perform the primary functions set
forth hereafter shall be employed to support and supplement the other
Military Service forces in carrying out their primary functions, where and
whenever such participation shall result in increased effectiveness and
shall contribute to the accomplishment of the overall military objectives.
As for collateral functions, while the assignment of such functions may
establish further justification for stated force requirements, such
assignment shall not be used as the sole basis for establishing additional
force requirements.
a. Functions of the Department of the Army
(1) The Army, within the Department of the Army, includes land combat and
service forces and any organic aviation and water transport assigned. The
Army is responsible for the preparation of land forces necessary for the
effective prosecution of war and military operations short of war, except
as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint
mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the
Army to meet the needs of war.
(2) The primary functions of the Army are:
(a) To organize, train, and equip forces for the conduct of prompt and
sustained combat operations on land--specifically, forces to defeat enemy
land forces and to seize, occupy, and defend land areas.
(b) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for appropriate air and
missile defense and space control operations, including the provision of
forces as required for the strategic defense of the United States, in
accordance with joint doctrines.
(c) To organize, equip, and provide Army forces, in coordination with the
other Military Services, for joint amphibious, airborne, and space
operations and to provide for the training of such forces, in accordance
with joint doctrines. Specifically, the Army shall:
1 Develop, in coordination with the other Military Services, doctrines,
tactics, techniques, and equipment of interest to the Army for amphibious
operations and not provided for elsewhere.
2 Develop, in coordination with the other Military Services, the
doctrines, procedures, and equipment employed by Army and Marine Corps
forces in airborne operations. The Army shall have primary responsibility
for developing those airborne doctrines, procedures, and equipment that
are of common interest to the Army and the Marine Corps.
3 Develop, in coordination with the other Military Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment employed by Army forces in the conduct of space
operations.
(d) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the support and
conduct of special operations.
(e) To provide equipment, forces, procedures, and doctrine necessary for
the effective prosecution of electronic warfare operations and, as
directed, support of other forces.
(f) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the support and
conduct of psychological operations.
(g) To provide forces for the occupation of territories abroad, including
initial establishment of military government pending transfer of this
responsibility to other authority.
(h) To develop doctrines and procedures, in coordination with the other
Military Services, for organizing, equipping, training, and employing
forces operating on land, except that the development of doctrines and
procedures for organizing, equipping, training, and employing Marine Corps
units for amphibious operations shall be a function of the Marine Corps
coordinating, as required, with the other Military Services.
(i) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces, as directed, to
operate land lines of communication.
(J.) To conduct the following activities:
1 Functions relating to the management and operation of the Panama Canal,
as assigned by the Secretary or Deputy Secretary of Defense.
2 The authorized civil works program, including projects for improvement
of navigation, flood control, beach erosion control, and other water
resource developments in the United States, its territories, and its
possessions.
3 Certain other civil activities prescribed by law.
(3) A collateral function of the Army is to train forces to interdict
enemy sea and air power and communications through operations on or from
land.
(4) Army responsibilities in support of space operations include the
following:
(a) Organizing, training, equipping, and providing Army forces to support
space operations.
(b) Developing, in coordination with the other Military Services,
tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by Army forces for use in
space operations.
(c) Conducting individual and unit training of Army space operations
forces.
(d) Participating with other Services in joint space operations,
training, and exercises as mutually agreed to by the Services concerned,
or as directed by competent authority.
(e) Providing forces for space support operations for the Department of
Defense when directed.
(5) Other responsibilities of the Army. With respect to close air support
of ground forces, the Army has specific responsibility for the following:
(a) Providing, in accordance with inter-Service agreements,
communications, personnel, and equipment employed by Army forces.
(b) Conducting individual and unit training of Army forces.
(c) Developing equipment, tactics, and techniques employed by Army
forces.
b. Functions of the Department of the Navy
(1) The Navy, within the Department of the Navy, includes, in general,
naval combat and service forces and such aviation as may be organic
therein. The Marine Corps, within the Department of Navy, includes not
less than three combat divisions and three air wings and such other land
combat, aviation, and other services as may be organic therein. The Coast
Guard, when operating as a Service within the Department of the Navy,
includes naval combat and service forces and such aviation as may be
organic therein.
(a) The Navy and Marine Corps, under the Secretary of the Navy, are
responsible for the preparation of Navy and Marine Corps forces necessary
for the effective prosecution of war and military operations short of war,
except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with the integrated joint
mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the
Navy and Marine Corps to meet the needs of war.
(b) During peacetime, the Department of Transportation is responsible for
maintaining the United States Coast Guard in a state of readiness so that
it may function as a specialized Service in the Navy in time of war or
when the President directs. The Coast Guard may also perform its military
functions in times of limited war or defense contingency, in support of
Naval Component Commanders, without transfer to the Department of the
Navy.
(2) The primary functions of the Navy and/or Marine Corps are:
(a) To organize, train, equip and provide Navy and Marine Corps forces
for the conduct of prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at
sea, including operations of sea-based aircraft and land-based naval air
components--specifically, forces to seek out and destroy enemy naval
forces and to suppress enemy sea commerce, to gain and maintain general
naval supremacy, to control vital sea areas and to protect vital sea lines
of communication, to establish and maintain local superiority (including
air) in an area of naval operations, to seize and defend advanced naval
bases, and to conduct such land, air, and space operations as may be
essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign.
(b) To maintain the Marine Corps, which shall be organized, trained, and
equipped to provide Fleet Marine Forces of combined arms, together with
supporting air components, for service with the fleet in the seizure or
defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land
operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. In
addition, the Marine Corps shall provide detachments and organizations for
service on armed vessels of the Navy, provide security detachments for the
protection of naval property at naval stations and bases, and perform such
other duties as the President or the Secretary of Defense may direct.
However, these additional duties must not detract from, or interfere with,
the operations for which the Marine Corps is primarily organized. These
functions do not contemplate the creation of a second land army.
(c) Further, the Marine Corps shall:
1 Develop, in coordination with the other Military Services, the
doctrines, tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by landing forces
in amphibious operations. The Marine Corps shall have primary
responsibility for the development of those landing force doctrines,
tactics, techniques, and equipment which are of common interest to the
Army and the Marine Corps.
2 Train and equip, as required, forces for airborne operations, in
coordination with the other Military Services, and in accordance with
joint doctrines.
3 Develop, in coordination with the other Military Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment of interest to the Marine Corps for airborne
operations and not provided for by the Army, which has primary
responsibility for the development of airborne doctrines, procedures, and
techniques, which are of common interest to the Army and Marine Corps.
(d) To organize and equip, in coordination with the other Military
Services, and to provide naval forces, including naval close air support
and space forces, for the conduct of joint amphibious operations, and to
be responsible for the amphibious training of all forces assigned to joint
amphibious operations in accordance with joint doctrines.
(e) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, the doctrines,
procedures, and equipment of naval forces for amphibious operations and
the doctrines and procedures for joint amphibious operations.
(f) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for strategic nuclear
warfare to support strategic deterrence.
(g) To furnish adequate, timely, reliable intelligence for the Coast
Guard.
(h) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for reconnaissance,
antisubmarine warfare, protection of shipping, aerial refueling and
minelaying, including the air and space aspects thereof, and controlled
minefield operations.
(i) To provide the afloat forces for strategic sealift.
(j) To provide air support essential for naval operations.
(k) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for appropriate air and
missile defense and space control operations, including the provision of
forces as required for the strategic defense of the United States, in
accordance with joint doctrines.
(l) To provide equipment, forces, procedures, and doctrine necessary for
the effective prosecution of electronic warfare operations and, as
directed, support of other forces.
(m) To furnish aerial photography, as necessary, for Navy and Marine
Corps operations.
(n) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment employed by Navy and Marine Corps forces in the
conduct of space operations.
(o) To provide sea-based launch and space support for the Department of
Defense when directed.
(p) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces, as directed, to
operate sea lines of communication.
(q) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the support and
conduct of special operations.
(r) To organize, train, equip, and provide Navy and Marine Corps forces
for the support and conduct of psychological operations.
(s) To coordinate with the Department of Transportation for the peacetime
maintenance of the Coast Guard. During war, the Coast Guard will function
as a Military Service. The specific wartime functions of the Coast Guard
are as follows:
1 To provide an integrated port security and coastal defense force, in
coordination with the other Military Services, for the United States.
2 To provide specialized Coast Guard units, including designated ships and
aircraft, for overseas deployment required by naval component commanders.
3 To organize and equip, in coordination with the other Military Services,
and provide forces for maritime search and rescue, icebreaking, and
servicing of maritime aids to navigation.
(3) The collateral functions of the Navy and Marine Corps include the
following:
(a) To interdict enemy land power, air power, and communications through
operations at sea.
(b) To conduct close air and naval support for land operations.
(c) To furnish aerial imagery for cartographic purposes.
(d) To be prepared to participate in the overall air and space effort, as
directed.
(e) To establish military government, as directed, pending transfer of
this responsibility to other authority.
(4) Navy and Marine Corps responsibilities in support of space operations
include:
(a) Organizing, training, equipping, and providing Navy and Marine Corps
forces to support space operations.
(b) Developing, in coordination with the other Military Services,
tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by Navy and Marine Corps
forces for use in space operations.
(c) Conducting individual and unit training of Navy and Marine Corps
space operations forces.
(d) Participating with the other Services in joint space operations,
training, and exercises, as mutually agreed to by the Services concerned
or as directed by competent authority.
(5) Other responsibilities of the Navy and Marine Corps include:
(a) Providing, when directed, logistic support of Coast Guard forces,
including procurement, distribution, supply, equipment, and maintenance.
(b) Providing air and land transport essential for naval operations and
not otherwise provided for.
(c) Providing and operating sea transport for the Armed Forces other than
that which is organic to the individual Services.
(d) Developing, in coordination with the other Services, doctrine and
procedures for close air support for naval forces and for joint forces in
amphibious operations.
c. Functions of the Department of the Air Force
(1) The Air Force, within the Department of the Air Force, includes
aviation forces, both combat and service, not otherwise assigned. The Air
Force is responsible for the preparation of the air forces necessary for
the effective prosecution of war and military operations short of war,
except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint
mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the
Air Force to meet the needs of war.
(2) The primary functions of the Air Force include:
(a) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the conduct of
prompt and sustained combat operations in the air--specifically, forces to
defend the United States against air attack in accordance with doctrines
established by the JCS, gain and maintain general air supremacy, defeat
enemy air forces, conduct space operations, control vital air areas, and
establish local air superiority except as otherwise assigned herein.
(b) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for appropriate air and
missile defense and space control operations, including the provision of
forces as required for the strategic defense of the United States, in
accordance with joint doctrines.
(c) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for strategic air and
missile warfare.
(d) To organize, equip, and provide forces for joint amphibious, space,
and airborne operations, in coordination with the other Military Services,
and to provide for their training in accordance with joint doctrines.
(e) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for close air support
and air logistic support to the Army and other forces, as directed,
including airlift, air support, resupply of airborne operations, aerial
photography, tactical air reconnaissance, and air interdiction of enemy
land forces and communications.
(f) To organize, train, equip and provide forces for air transport for
the Armed Forces, except as otherwise assigned.
(g) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment for air defense from land areas, including the
United States.
(h) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces to furnish aerial
imagery for use by the Army and other agencies as directed, including
aerial imagery for cartographic purposes.
(i) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, tactics,
techniques, and equipment of interest to the Air Force for amphibious
operations and not provided for elsewhere.
(j) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment employed by Air Force forces in airborne
operations.
(k) To provide launch and space support for the Department of Defense,
except as otherwise assigned.
(l) To develop, in coordination with the other Services, doctrines,
procedures, and equipment employed by Air Force forces in the conduct of
space operations.
(m) To organize, train, equip, and provide land-based tanker forces for
the in-flight refueling support of strategic operations and deployments of
aircraft of the Armed Forces and Air Force tactical operations, except as
otherwise assigned.
(n) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces, as directed to operate
air lines of communications.
(o) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the support and
conduct of special operations.
(p) To organize, train, equip, and provide forces for the support and
conduct of psychological operations.
(q) To provide equipment, forces, procedures, and doctrine necessary for
the effective prosecution of electronic warfare operations and, as
directed, support of other forces.
(3) Collateral functions of the Air Force include the following:
(a) Surface sea surveillance and antisurface ship warfare through air
operations.
(b) Antisubmarine warfare and antiair warfare operations to protect sea
lines of communications.
(c) Aerial minelaying operations.
(d) Air-to-air refueling in support of naval campaigns.
(4) Air Force responsibilities in support of space operations include:
(a) Organizing, training, equipping, and providing forces to support
space operations.
(b) Developing, in coordination with the other Military Services,
tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by Air Force forces for use in
space operations.
(c) Conducting individual and unit training of Air Force space operations
forces.
(d) Participating with the other Services in joint space operations,
training, and exercises as mutually agreed to by the Services concerned,
or as directed by competent authority.
(5) Other responsibilities of the Air Force include:
(a) With respect to amphibious operations, the Air Force shall develop,
in coordination with the other Services, tactics, techniques, and
equipment of interest to the Air Force and not provided for by the Navy
and Marine Corps.
(b) With respect to airborne operations, the Air Force has specific
responsibility to:
1 Provide Air Force forces for the air movement of troops, supplies, and
equipment in joint airborne operations, including parachuted and aircraft
landings.
2 Develop tactics and techniques employed by Air Force forces in the air
movement of troops, supplies, and equipment.
(c) With respect to close air support of ground forces, the Air Force has
specific responsibility for developing, in coordination with the other
Services, doctrines and procedures, except as provided for in Navy
responsibilities for amphibious operations and in responsibilities for the
Marine Corps.
G. FUNCTIONS OF DoD AGENCIES
1. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). See DoD Directive
5105.41, September 30, 1986.
2. Defense Communications Agency (DCA). See DoD Directive 5105.19, August
10, 1978.
3. Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA). See DoD Directive 5105.36, June
8, 1978.
4. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). See DoD Directive 5105.21, May 19,
1977.
5. Defense Investigative Service (DIS). See DoD Directive 5105.42, June
14, 1985.
6. Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA). See DoD Directive 5145.4, August
12, 1981.
7. Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). See DoD Directive 5105.22, August 15,
1986.
8. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). See DoD Directive 5105.40, April 23,
1986.
9. Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA). See DoD Directive 5105.31, March 18,
1987.
10. Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA). See DoD Directive 5105.38,
August 10, 1978.
11. The National Security Agency and the Central Security Service
(NSA/CSS). See DoD Directive S-5100.20, December 23, 1971.
12. Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO). See DoD Directive
5141.5, June 4, 1987.
H. EFFECTIVE DATE
This Directive is effective immediately.
William H. Taft, IV Deputy Secretary of Defense
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Defense Department Space Policy