SORT: 3222.04
DOCI: DODD 3222.4
DATE: 19920731
TITL: DODD 3222.4 Electronic Warfare (EW) and Command and Control Warfare (C2W)
Countermeasures, July 31, 1992, USD(A), thru Ch 2, January 28, 1994
Refs:(a) Directive 3222.4, "Electronic Warfare Administration," January
28, 1980 (hereby canceled)
(b) DoD Directive 4600.4, "Command, Control, and Communications (C3)
Countermeasures," August 27, 1979 (hereby canceled)
(c) DoD Directive 5000.1, "Defense Acquisition," February 23, 1991
(d) DoD Directive 3222.2, "Department of Defense Electromagnetic
Compatibility Program (EMCP)," August 20, 1990
(e) DoD Directive 3100.3, "Cooperation with Allies in Research and
Development of Defense Equipment," September 27, 1963
(f) DoD Directive 7750.5, "Management and Control of Information
Requirements," August 7, 1986
A. REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE
This Directive reissues reference (a) and replaces reference (b) to update
the administration of and organizational responsibilities for EW and C3CM
in the Department of Defense.
B. APPLICABILITY
This Directive applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD),
the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
the Joint Staff, the Unified and Specified Commands, and the Defense
Agencies (hereafter referred to collectively as "the DoD Components"). The
term "Military Services," as used herein, refers to the Army, the Navy,
the Air Force, and the Marine Corps.
C. DEFINITIONS
1. Command and Control Warfare (C2W). The integrated use of operations
security (OPSEC), military deception, psychological operations (PSYOP),
electronic warfare (EW), and physical destruction, mutually supported by
intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade or destroy
adversary command and control capabilities, while protecting friendly
command and control capabilities against such actions.
2. Electronic Protection (EP). That division of electronic warfare
involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment
from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare
that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.
3. Electronic Warfare (EW). Any military action involving the use of
electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic
spectrum or to attack the enemy.
4. Wartime Reserve Modes (WARM). Characteristics and operating procedures
of sensor, communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons,
and countermeasure systems that (a) will contribute to military
effectiveness if unknown to or misunderstood by opposing commanders before
they are used, but (b) could be exploited or neutralized if known in
advance.
D. POLICY
It is DoD policy to:
1. Ensure the development and acquisition of weapon systems, automated
planning systems, and all-source intelligence information that effectively
support C3CM strategies.
2. Ensure that assessments by the DoD Components of vulnerabilities of
friendly and hostile command and control (C2) are robust and that viable
C2 of friendly and allied forces prevail.
3. Ensure the development and acquisition of robust war-fighting EW
systems in accordance with DoD Directive 5000.1 (reference (c)), while
maximizing commonality of resources among the Services and Agencies.
4. Develop and maintain an investment strategy that ensures an orderly
process between the identification of the requirement and the development
and/or acquisition of EW systems to meet the stated requirement.
5. Encourage cooperative EW system developments and the application of
C2W strategies between the United States and its Allies.
6. Ensure that operational requirement documents, mission need statements,
and subsequent development, design, and test of systems shall consider and
incorporate, where appropriate, C2W and EP capabilities.
7. Ensure that the potential for mutual interference between U.S. and
Allied systems is evaluated under DoD Directive 3222.2 (reference (d))
before production of U.S. systems.
8. Ensure effective intelligence support is provided over the life cycle
of EW systems, WARM capabilities, EP, and C2W.
9. Ensure a vulnerability assessment strategy is considered over the life
cycle of a system, and EP is considered at all Milestone Reviews.
E. RESPONSIBILITIES
1. The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition shall:
a. Be the DoD focal point for EW and tactical C2W within the Department
of Defense.
b. Provide guidance on EW and tactical C3CM policy.
c. Coordinate international EW system development and acquisition issues
between the United States and its Allies consistent with DoD Directive
3100.3 (reference (e)).
d. Ensure that tactical C2W programs, tactics, and employment are
coordinated among the DoD Components and with Allied Nations, as
necessary.
e. Provide oversight for development and acquisition of tactical land,
sea, air, space, or undersea EW systems and application of WARM and
tactical C2W strategies.
f. Review EW programs for duplication and maximum multi-Service
applications. When common requirements exist and acquisition efficiencies
can be realized, ensure the Services and/or agencies are committed to
joint EW designs and acquisitions.
g. Review and approve quick reaction capability programs.
h. Ensure that EP and WARM are considered throughout the system's and/or
subsystem's life cycle and addressed by the Defense Acquisition Board's
(DAB) program and milestone reviews.
i. Provide matrix EW technical and/or management support within the OSD
on request.
j. Ensure the compatibility of U.S. tactical C2W systems so as to avoid
unintentional disruption of other U.S. or Allied systems.
k. Ensure availability of capabilities for development and operational
test and evaluation (OT&E), including coordinated hardware and software
simulations, hybrids, chambers, simulators, and open air ranges, to
evaluate EW systems and the EP of weapon systems.
l. Ensure that a system is tested in an EW environment during development
test and evaluation (DT&E), including the requirements for EP testing.
m. Ensure that adequate science and technology programs exist to provide
technology for development and acquisition of EW systems and to support
tactical C2W strategies.
n. Coordinate with Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control,
Communications, and Intelligence (ASD(C31)) in the establishment of an
overall comprehensive C2W strategy.
o. Ensure the development and use of common data bases and presentation
techniques in support of EW systems, WARM capabilities, and tactical C2W
strategies in development, planning, and operations.
p. Ensure life-cycle intelligence support through the conceptualization,
development, testing, employment, and deployment of EW systems, WARM
capabilities, and tactical C2W strategies.
q. Ensure the coordination of the provisions of data bases and
specifications of U.S. systems with the Intelligence Community when EW
equipment is sold overseas.
2. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control,
Communications, and Intelligence shall:
a. Be the DoD focal point for strategic C2W within the Department of
Defense.
b. Provide guidance on strategic C2W policy.
c. Ensure the compatibility of U.S. C3 systems so as to avoid
unintentional disruption of other U.S. or Allied systems.
d. Ensure, in coordination with Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition (USD(A)), that adequate science and technology programs exist
to provide technology to support strategic C2W strategies.
e. Ensure that strategic C2W programs, tactics, and employment are
coordinated among the DoD Components and with Allied Nations, as
necessary.
f. Ensure the development and use of common data bases and presentation
techniques in support of strategic C2W planning and operations.
g. Coordinate with the USD(A) in the establishment of an overall
comprehensive C2W strategy.
h. Ensure life-cycle intelligence support in support of strategic C2W
strategies.
3. The Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, shall ensure electronic
systems are tested to adequately assess the EW capability, including EP,
during OT&E, including combined DT&E and/or OT&E.
4. The Secretaries of the Military Departments shall:
a. Identify EW and WARM related operational requirements; conduct
research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) on EW systems and WARM
capabilities; acquire EW and WARM capabilities: and ensure that EP is
considered at each stage in the life cycle of electronic equipment.
b. Develop, in consultation with the Director of the Defense Intelligence
Agency (DIA) and other intelligence agencies, current and projected
baseline threat data and intelligence requirements throughout the life
cycle of EW projects and support C2W strategies. With the current,
projected, reactive, and technically feasible threats, develop a baseline
threat scenario to be used by program managers developing systems.
c. Identify and ensure availability of logistics and manpower resources
to meet readiness requirements, and conduct EW, WARM, and C2W training
programs.
d. Ensure that EW, WARM, and C2W programs and data bases achieve maximum
standardization, interoperability, and compatibility in fulfilling common
worldwide requirements. When common requirements exist and acquisition
efficiencies can be realized, a commitment to joint EW designs and
acquisitions shall be made. Establish joint program offices when common EW
or C2W equipments are identified.
e. Coordinate with the USD(A) and ASD(C31), as appropriate, on all
international EW, WARM, and C2W initiatives before submission at
international forums.
f. Provide data, to include test data, to the Director of the DIA of U.S.
systems, especially on EW systems and WARM capabilities, that have been
sold to foreign countries.
5. The Chairman of the joint Chiefs of Staff shall:
a. Serve as the focal point for consideration of joint and combined EW,
WARM, and C2W operational matters to avoid duplication of effort and to
encourage standardization, interoperability, and compatibility in
fulfilling and approving of common requirements.
b. Coordinate consideration of EW, WARM, and C2W operational matters
affecting relations with U.S. Allies to ensure that agreed U.S. positions
are established and appropriate coordination and followup actions are
completed.
c. Advise the USD(A) and ASD(C31), as appropriate, on matter that affect
EW, WARM, and C2W policy.
d. Ensure continuity of U.S. efforts in North Atlantic Treaty
Organization's (NATO's) Military Committee to improve Allied EW and C2W
capability.
e. Provide joint operational doctrine, policy, procedures, and strategic
concepts or objectives to govern the coordination and employment of EW,
WARM, and C2W.
f. Evaluate the capability of the Unified and Specified Commands to
operate in a C2W environment representative of the anticipated threat,
recommend appropriate corrective actions to the Secretary of Defense, or
recommend appropriate corrective action to the commander of the Unified
and Specified Commands.
g. Ensure that the EW, WARM, and C2W planning strategies and capabilities
are exercised in joint and combined exercises and tests with particular
emphasis on maximizing the stress placed on the ability to interoperate
between and among the Services and U.S. Allies, including the operational
validity of the common data bases.
6. The Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency shall:
a. Develop, with the support of the Military Services and other
intelligence agencies, current and projected baseline threat data for use
in developing EW projects, WARM capabilities, and C2W strategies
throughout their life cycles.
b. Validate the DoD Components' system threat assessment reports (STAR)
for acquisition category (ACAT) l D programs (and ACAT l up to Milestone
l). Validate threat data bases and threat assessment procedures used by
Components in preparing system threat assessment for acquisition
categories I-IV and highly sensitive classified programs.
c. Assist the Military Services in evaluating current, projected,
technically feasible, and reactive threats in support of major decisions
on EW specifications and requirements.
d. Provide support and advice to commanders for planning and conducting
C2W.
7. The Director of the National Security Agency shall provide signals
intelligence (SIGINT) and information systems security (INFOSEC) support
for EW and WARM projects and C2W strategies in response to validated and
confirmed requirements levied through appropriate channels. SIGINT shall
be made available, through direct delivery where applicable, to
operational and intelligence users in support of joint and combined
operations.
8. The Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency shall ensure
that:
a. DISA architectures consider EW, EP, and C2W.
b. DoD and allied standards and interoperability are adequately addressed
in the requirements and development process.
c. Interoperability testing is performed to verify that the requirements
are met.
F. PROCEDURES
Each DoD Component shall identify and maintain an organization to oversee
its EW, EP, and C2W activities.
G. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS
The reporting requirements in this Directive are exempt from licensing in
accordance with paragraph E.4.a. of DoD Directive 7750.5 (reference (f)).
H. EFFECTIVE DATE
This Directive is effective immediately.
Donald J. Atwood Deputy Secretary of Defense
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Defense Department Space Policy