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Project 627 began with a 25 November 1952 requirement to develop a strategic attack submarine for firing a large nuclear tipped torpedo at coastal American cities. With the success of strategic missile programs, including submarine launched cruise missiles, Project 627 was re-oriented as an attack submarine. The first two units [K-3 & K-14 ] were built to the Project 627 design, with subsequent units built to the more combat-capable Project 627A specification. Unlike the first two submarines, these were fully combat capable, equipped with the combat system of the Project 641 Foxtrot class diesel-electric attack submarines. The steel hull was divided into nine compartments: 1 Torpedo room and accommodations 2 Accumulator, accommodations and mess; 3 Control room; 4 Auxiliary machinery and diesel generator; 5 Reactor compartment; 6 Turbine compartment; 7 Electro-technical and control center for reactor; 8 Auxiliary equipment; 9 Steering system, accommodations.
Leninskiy Komsomol, the first Soviet nuclear powered submarine, was launched on 09 August 1957. The boat's nuclear reactors started for the first time on 04 July 1958, and on 17 July 1962, K-3 was the first Soviet submarine to reach the North Pole. Several units of this class suffered reactor accidents. The remaining Project 627 and 627A class submarines were decommissioned between 1988 and 1992.
One Project 645 ZhMT submarine was built. Commissioned on 30 October 1963, K-27 was a modified November-class SSN equipped with two VT-1 type liquid metal (lead-bismuth) cooled reactors. The steel hull was divided into seven compartments: 1 Torpedo room; 2 Accumulators and Living accommodation; 3 Control room; 4 Reactor compartment; 5 Turbo and diesel generators, cooling and auxiliary machinery; 6 Turbines; 7 Generator. It was modified to test the reactors that were intended for use on the high-speed Alfa-class submarines. During sea trials on 24 May 1968, a sudden and unexplained loss of reactor power occurred. Radioactive gases began to leak into the reactor compartment, and nine members of the crew died from radiation sickness. K-27 was never returned to service.
Specifications | ||
| Project 627, 627 A
Kit November |
Project 645-ZhMT
November | |
| Designer: | V.N. Peregrudov, SKB-143 | V.N. Peregrudov, SKB-143 |
| Builder: | Severodvinsk | Severodvinsk |
| Displacement | 3,065-3,101 tons surfaced 3,986-4,750 tons submerged |
3,420 tons surfaced 3,986-4,380 tons submerged |
| Speed (kts): | 15.2 knots (surfaced)
28-30.5 knots submerged |
30 knots submerged |
| Operating Depth: | 790 feet, maximum Safe Depth 980 feet never-exceed depth 1,250 feet ,crush depth |
300 meters |
| Propulsion: | 2 70 MWt VM-A pressurised
water reactors 2 turbines @ 17.500 shp |
2 146 Mwt VT-1 type liquid
metal (lead-bismuth) reactors 2 turbines @ 35 000 shp. |
| Dimensions | 107.4 meters long 7.9-8.0 meters beam 5.65-6.4 meters draft |
109.8 meters long 8.3 meters beam 5.85 meters draft |
| Crew | 104 (30 officers) or 110 (24 Officers, 86 Enlisted) | 105 |
| Endurance | 1,172 full power hours 60 days,stores Endurance |
|
| torpedoes | 8 x 21" (533mm) w/20 53-65K or SET-65 |
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| Systems | ||
Class Listing |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit | Shipyard | Fleet | Chronology | Notes | |||||
| # | number | Name | Laid Down | Launched | Comm. | Stricken | |||
| 1 | K-3 | Leninsky Komsomol | SY 402 | NOR | 09/24/1955 | 08/09/1957 | 07/01/1958 | 1991 | 06/1962 reactor accident 10/09/1962 named 09/08/1967 fire under Arctic ice 1991 memorial |
| 2 | K-14 | SY 402 | PAC | ---------- | 12/31/1959 | 1989-92 | |||
| 3 | K-5 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 08/17/1960 | 1989-92 | Project 627A SSGN | |
| 4 | K-8 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 08/31/1960 | 1970 | 10/13/1960 reactor accident 04/11/1970 lost | |
| 5 | K-115 | SY 402 | PAC | ---------- | 12/30/1960 | 1989-92 | |||
| 6 | K-21 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 12/23/1961 | 1989-92 | ||
| 7 | K-11 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 12/23/1961 | 1989-92 | 02/12/1965 reactor accident | |
| 8 | K-181 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 10/16/1962 | 1989-92 | ||
| 9 | K-133 | SY 402 | PAC | ---------- | ---------- | 10/16/1962 | 1989-92 | ||
| 10 | K-159 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 11/04/1963 | 1989-92 | ||
| 11 | K-42 | Rostovsky Komsomolets | SY 402 | PAC | ---------- | ---------- | 11/04/1963 | 1989-92 | 05/08/1981 named 1990 in reserve |
| 12 | K-50 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 12/20/1963 | 1989-92 | 1970 redesignated to K-60 | |
| 13 | K-52 | SY 402 | NOR | ---------- | ---------- | 12/23/1963 | 1989-92 | ||
| 14 | K-27 | SY 402 | NOR | 06/15/1958 | 08/01/1962 | 10/30/1963 | 1968 | Project 645 ZhMT 05/24/1968 reactor accident 1981 scuttled | |
